Memory & History

Massacres and Pogroms

What was done to Jews because they were Jewish — from Antiquity to the present day, event by event, with location, date and number of victims.

Propose a missing event World Map

This catalog records mass violence targeting Jews as Jews: pogroms, massacres, mass executions, forced conversions on pain of death, attacks. Expulsions appear only when they resulted in deaths. Each entry carries its date, location and toll as established by sources.

It cannot be exhaustive: thousands of local events are known only from a single chronicle line, or not at all; for the Shoah, every town in Eastern Europe experienced its own 'Aktion', and only the major sites and operations are listed. A member may propose a missing event; it is reviewed before publication.

Medieval and pre-modern tolls come from chronicles often exaggerated; modern estimates are indicated when they exist. A toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — 'thousands', 'unknown', a range — never rounded or added up.

Events

2,483

Period covered

1250 BCE → 2025

Countries and territories

101

Numerical tolls

623

Overview

What this catalogue is made of: when, what nature, and where. All three tables count EVENTS — one line of the catalogue — never victims.

By major period

Period	Years covered	Events	Share of catalogue
Antiquity	1250 BCE → 694	88	3.5%
Early Middle Ages and Crusades	717 → 1198	89	3.6%
13th–14th centuries	1204 → 1399	398	16%
15th–17th centuries	1401 → 1698	278	11.2%
18th century	1700 → 1799	74	3%
19th century	1804 → 1902	111	4.5%
1900–1939	1902 → 1939	276	11.1%
The Shoah (1939–1945)	1933 → 1945	915	36.9%
Post-war and Arab world (1945–1970)	1944 → 1985	80	3.2%
Attacks (since 1970)	1968 → 2025	174	7%

By nature

Nature	Events	Share of catalogue
Shoah	915	36.9%
Massacre	505	20.3%
Pogrom	398	16%
Attack	181	7.3%
Trials and executions	142	5.7%
Persecution	121	4.9%
Expulsion	109	4.4%
Military repression	82	3.3%
Forced conversion	30	1.2%

By world region

Region	Events	Share of catalogue
Central and Eastern Europe	1,146	46.2%
Western Europe	926	37.3%
Land of Israel	159	6.4%
Egypt and Maghreb	129	5.2%
Near and Middle East	73	2.9%
Americas	36	1.4%
Asia and Oceania	8	0.3%
Africa	6	0.2%

Where and when — period and region

Each cell gives the number of events from one period in one region; the shade marks its intensity. Row and column totals match the two tables above.

	Central and Eastern Europe	Western Europe	Land of Israel	Egypt and Maghreb	Near and Middle East	Americas	Asia and Oceania	Africa	Total
Antiquity	0	21	38	13	16	0	0	0	88
Early Middle Ages and Crusades	4	60	4	12	9	0	0	0	89
13th–14th centuries	24	373	0	0	1	0	0	0	398
15th–17th centuries	93	163	3	6	2	7	2	2	278
18th century	43	20	2	9	0	0	0	0	74
19th century	57	22	3	13	12	3	0	1	111
1900–1939	235	15	9	5	4	5	2	1	276
The Shoah (1939–1945)	669	203	0	38	4	0	1	0	915
Post-war and Arab world (1945–1970)	18	6	7	27	19	3	0	0	80
Attacks (since 1970)	3	43	93	6	6	18	3	2	174
Total	1,146	926	159	129	73	36	8	6	2,483

Scroll the table to see every region.

These tables count EVENTS, never victims: the tallies overlap from one event to another, and an entire wave sometimes fits in a single line. The death toll can only be approached through an estimate with displayed hypotheses — this is the subject of the following section.

An order of magnitude

This catalogue records events; it does not count the dead. Nevertheless, we can derive an order of magnitude from it, on one condition: stating what we assume. The estimate below is recalculated with each update to the catalogue — none of its figures is written by hand.

1,471 of the 2,483 events bear no tally. This is not an oversight: no one counted the dead of a pogrom in 1298.
It is a lower bound of historical fact, not merely of the catalogue: Yahad-In Unum records more than 3,240 Shoah mass shooting sites across eleven countries, while this catalogue contains 474.
Adding up the catalogue's figures would yield 12,722,397, and this number would be wrong: it conflates the dead, the deported, and the expelled, and it counts twice over the waves that the catalogue details line by line.

Between 5,920,061 and 8,728,171 dead.

Central estimate: 6,606,258.

Outside the Shoah, which accounts for nearly nine-tenths of the total by itself: from 320,061 to 2,528,171 dead.

How this figure is constructed

Three methods, never an addition. Antiquity receives a reduction factor: its figures are those of Flavius Josephus and Dio Cassius, which historiography divides by three to ten. The major waves are taken at their aggregated line, which replaces the detail lines instead of adding to them. The Shoah is anchored to historiography and is never summed: adding its lines would yield nine million dead for a fact established at approximately six.

Overall	Low	Central	High
Antiquity Flavius Josèphe, Dion Cassius ÷ historiographie	158,999	463,223	2,128,775
Massacres of the First Crusade in the Rhineland chroniques hébraïques de Mayence et de Worms	4,000	6,000	12,000
Rintfleisch massacres le catalogue : ~146 communautés, 3 000-5 000 morts	3,000	4,000	5,000
Crusade of the Pastoreaux ~110-120 communautés touchées	1,000	2,500	6,000
Armleder massacres ~110-120 communautés	1,500	3,000	6,000
Massacres of the Black Death ~300 communautés détruites	6,000	12,000	25,000
Khmelnytsky Massacres Stampfer 18 000-20 000 ; chroniques jusqu’à 100 000	18,000	30,000	60,000
First wave of pogroms in the Russian Empire ~250 pogroms, quelques dizaines de morts	40	70	150
Second wave of pogroms in the Russian Empire ~650-690 pogroms, ~3 000 morts	2,500	3,000	4,000
Pogroms of the Russian Civil War 50 000-60 000 morts directs, 100 000-200 000 avec les suites	50,000	65,000	80,000
Rest of catalogue	75,022	117,465	201,246
The Shoah (1939–1945) Hilberg, Benz, Yad Vashem	5,600,000	5,900,000	6,200,000
Total	5,920,061	6,606,258	8,728,171

Lines preceded by a dot are waves. Their figure is that of the entire wave and it replaces the lines that the catalogue devotes to each of its episodes — otherwise the Khmelnytsky massacres, which the catalogue details across dozens of lines, would be counted as many times.

The scale of qualitative tallies

What each formulation in the catalogue is worth, in the three scenarios. The words are given in French: they are those in the tallies column, which translation does not modify.

« quelques », « plusieurs »3 · 8 · 20
« dizaines »20 · 40 · 80
« centaines »150 · 350 · 600
« un millier »1,000 · 1,500 · 2,000
« milliers »2,000 · 4,000 · 8,000
« toute la communauté » (avant 1800)40 · 120 · 300
« toute la communauté » (après 1800)300 · 800 · 2,000
« bilan non établi », « inconnu »0 · 5 · 25

PeriodRegionTypeSearch

2,483 events displayed out of 2,483

Antiquity88

v. 1250 av. J.-C.
Ordre d'infanticide de PharaonMassacre
Égypte
les sages-femmes reçoivent l'ordre de tuer les garçons hébreux à la naissance, puis tout le peuple celui de les jeter au fleuve (Exode 1)
Toll non chiffré ; récit non corroboré hors de la Bible
v. 1250 av. J.-C.
Amalek frappe les traînardsMassacre
Refidim (Sinaï) · Égypte
attaque des éclopés à l'arrière de la colonne sortie d'Égypte, fondement du commandement de mémoire « Souviens-toi de ce que t'a fait Amalek » (Exode 17 ; Deutéronome 25)
Toll non chiffré
v. 925 av. J.-C.
Invasion de Sheshonq Iᵉʳ (Shishaq)Military repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
le pharaon monte contre Jérusalem et emporte les trésors du Temple et du palais royal ; sa liste de Karnak énumère les localités soumises
Toll non chiffré
v. 840 av. J.-C.
Prise de Nebo par Mesha de MoabMassacre
Nebo (Moab) · Terre d'Israël
la ville israélite est enlevée et sa population entière vouée à l'anathème pour Ashtar-Kemosh, selon la stèle du roi moabite
Toll 7 000 (stèle de Mesha)
722 av. J.-C.
Fall of Samaria after three years of siegeMilitary repression
Samarie · Terre d'Israël
end of the Kingdom of Israel, deportation of the ten tribes to Halah, the Habor and the cities of the Medes by Sargon II
Toll 27 290 déportés (annales de Sargon II)
701 av. J.-C.
Campagne de Sennachérib en JudaMilitary repression
Lakish (Juda) · Terre d'Israël
quarante-six villes fortes prises, siège et chute de Lakish, déportation massive ; les reliefs de Ninive montrent les empalements et les colonnes de captifs
Toll 200 150 déportés (prisme de Sennachérib)
597 av. J.-C.
First Babylonian DeportationExpulsion
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Nebuchadnezzar II takes the city, deposes King Jehoiachin and deports the court, the notables and the craftsmen
Toll 3 023 à 10 000 déportés selon les sources
586 av. J.-C.
Destruction of the First Temple and JerusalemMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
after eighteen months of siege, Nebuzaradan burns the Temple, the palace and the city and tears down the walls; the sons of Zedekiah slaughtered and the notables executed at Riblah
Toll 832 déportés (Jérémie) ; exécutions à Ribla, morts non chiffrés
582 av. J.-C.
Assassination of Gedaliah and the Third DeportationMassacre
Mitspa (Juda) · Terre d'Israël
the governor appointed by Babylon is killed by Ishmael ben Nethaniah, eighty pilgrims from Shechem and Shiloh are massacred, the rest of the people flee to Egypt
Toll 80 pèlerins massacrés ; 745 déportés (Jérémie)
v. 474 av. J.-C.
Décret d'extermination de HamanPersecution
Suse (Perse) · Iran
ordre scellé du sceau royal de tuer tous les Juifs de l'empire en un seul jour, le treize du mois d'Adar ; il est révoqué avant d'être appliqué (Esther 3 et 8)
Toll décret révoqué ; récit non corroboré hors de la Bible
410 av. J.-C.
Destruction of the Jewish temple by the priests of Khnum, violenceMassacre
Éléphantine (Égypte) · Égypte
Toll inconnu
312 av. J.-C.
Seizure of the city by Ptolemy I on a Sabbath day, when the population refuses to fight; deportation of Jews to EgyptMilitary repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll milliers déportés
200-198 av. J.-C.
Fifth Syrian WarMilitary repression
Judée · Terre d'Israël
the country ravaged by Lagid and Seleucid armies, Jerusalem besieged twice
Toll inconnu
175-172 av. J.-C.
Deposition of high priest Onias III, sold by Jason then by Menelaus; assassination of Onias at Daphne and repression of protestersMilitary repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll inconnu
169 av. J.-C.
Pillage of the Temple by Antiochos IV upon his return from his Egyptian campaignPogrom
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
treasure, golden altar and sacred vessels carried away
Toll inconnu
168 av. J.-C.
Expedition of ApolloniosMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
the city taken on a sabbath day, quarters set on fire, ramparts destroyed and the citadel of the Acra built
Toll milliers selon I Maccabées
167-160 av. J.-C.
Persecutions by Antiochus IV EpiphanesPersecution
Judée · Terre d'Israël
Prohibition of Judaism, executions (martyrs of Modin, « seven brothers »)
Toll milliers
162 av. J.-C.
The Hasidim come to treat with high priest Alkime are seized and executed the same dayTrials and executions
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll 60
139 av. J.-C.
The praetor Cornelius Hispalus expels the Jews from Rome and Italy for religious propaganda (Valerius Maximus)Massacre
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
63 av. J.-C.
Seizure of the Temple by PompeyMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
massacre of the defenders and priests even in the sanctuary
Toll ~12 000 (Josèphe)
63-61 av. J.-C.
After the capture of the Temple, Pompey reduces Jewish territory and takes captives to Rome, nucleus of the Trastevere communityMassacre
Judée · Terre d'Israël
Toll milliers de captifs
55 av. J.-C.
Crassus plunders the Temple treasure before his Parthian campaignMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
53 av. J.-C.
Cassius takes the city and sells its inhabitants into slaveryMassacre
Tarichée (Migdal) · Terre d'Israël
Toll ~30 000 vendus
43 av. J.-C.
Cassius sells into slavery the inhabitants of the four towns unable to pay the tributeMassacre
Gophna, Emmaüs, Lydda, Thamna · Terre d'Israël
Toll quatre villes réduites en esclavage
40-37 av. J.-C.
Parthian invasion and then siege by Herod and SossiusMilitary repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
massacres in the streets and even in the Temple courts
Toll inconnu
4 av. J.-C.
Reprisals by Varus after the death of HerodMilitary repression
Judée · Terre d'Israël
Toll ~2 000 crucifiés
19
Tiberius expels the Jews from Rome; 4,000 freedmen forcibly enrolled and sent to Sardinia (Tacitus, Josephus, Suetonius)Massacre
Rome · Italie
Toll 4 000 déportés
26-36
Government of Pontius PilateMilitary repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
imperial standards introduced into the city at night, then bloody repression of the protest against the use of the Temple treasury for the aqueduct
Toll inconnu
38
First attested « pogrom »Pogrom
Alexandrie · Égypte
riots under Prefect Flaccus, ghettoization, lynchings
Toll centaines
39-41
Crisis of Caligula's statueMassacre
Alexandrie, Jamnia, Jérusalem · Égypte
altar destroyed at Jamnia, order to erect the emperor's statue in the Temple; Philo's embassy to Rome
Toll toll not established
40
An imperial altar erected by the Greeks of the city and overturned by the Jews, origin of Caligula's order to place his statue in the TempleMassacre
Jamnia · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
~41
Massacre of Jews by the Greek and Syrian populationMassacre
Séleucie du Tigre (Mésopotamie) · Irak
Toll ~50 000 selon Flavius Josèphe
41
New riots at the accession of Claude; the imperial edict orders the Jews not to claim more rights than they havePogrom
Alexandrie · Égypte
Toll inconnu
49-50
Crush and repression under procurator CumanusMilitary repression
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll milliers selon Josèphe
52
Troubles between Galileans and Samaritans under CumanusMassacre
Judée, Samarie · Terre d'Israël
Samaritan and Jewish villages burned, executions ordered by Quadratus
Toll inconnu
62
Execution of James, brother of Jesus, and others, on the order of the high priest Anân during a vacancy of Roman powerTrials and executions
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll quelques-uns
66
Massacres of the Jews of Hellenistic citiesMassacre
Damas, Scythopolis, Ascalon, Ptolémaïs, Tyr, Hippos, Gadara · Syrie et Terre d'Israël
Toll 10 500 à Damas, 13 000 à Scythopolis (Josèphe)
66
Massacre of the Jewish community, trigger of the Great RevoltMassacre
Césarée · Terre d'Israël
Toll ~20 000 (Josèphe)
66
Massacre by the legions of Tiberius AlexanderMassacre
Alexandrie · Égypte
Toll ~50 000 (Josèphe)
67-70
Judeo-Roman WarMilitary repression
Galilée et Judée · Terre d'Israël
Jotapata, Tarichée, Gamla, Jerusalem (destruction of the Temple, 70)
Toll ~600 000 à 1 100 000 morts (Josèphe, Tacite)
70
Destruction of the Temple and the cityMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
captives sold, prisoners killed in the games of Caesarea and Berytos
Toll ~97 000 captifs selon Flavius Josèphe
70-73
Repression after the Great RevoltMilitary repression
Cyrène, Égypte · Égypte
sicarii in refuge surrendered and executed, closure of the temple of Onias at Leontopolis (73), massacre of the Jews of Cyrene following the affair of Jonathan the weaver
Toll ~3 000 à Cyrène (Josèphe)
70-73
Accusation of arson attributed to JewsMassacre
Antioche · Turquie
notables burned in the theater, privileges threatened
Toll dizaines
72
Legal PersecutionPersecution
Empire romain
the didrachm paid to the Temple becomes the *fiscus judaicus*, collected from all Jews of the Empire for the benefit of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus
Toll toll not established
73
End of the revoltMilitary repression
Massada · Terre d'Israël
Toll ~960
73
Repression of the Sicarii refugees in Egypt and Cyrenaica; closure of the temple of Onias at LeontopolisMilitary repression
Alexandrie, Cyrène · Égypte
Toll centaines
95-96
Persecution of DomitianPersecution
Rome · Italie
brutal levying of the *fiscus judaicus*, execution of consul Flavius Clemens and exile of Flavia Domitilla for « atheism »
Toll toll not established
98
Nerva and then Trajan maintain the *fiscus judaicus*, the tax of two drachmas paid to the Capitol since 70 as punishment for the revoltMilitary repression
Empire romain
Toll toll not established
115-117
Annihilation of the community of Salamis during the Kitos war; the island is thereafter forbidden to Jews on pain of deathMassacre
Chypre
Toll ~240 000 selon Dion Cassius
115-117
« Kitos War »: destruction of the communities of Alexandria, Cyrene, and CyprusMassacre
Cyrénaïque, Égypte, Chypre, Mésopotamie · Cyrénaïque, Égypte, Chypre
Toll centaines de milliers (dans les deux camps)
132-135
Suppression of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, fall of BetarMilitary repression
Judée · Terre d'Israël
Toll 580 000 morts et 985 villages détruits selon Dion Cassius
135-138
Persecutions of HadrianPersecution
Judée · Terre d'Israël
prohibition of circumcision, the Sabbath and public study of the Torah; execution of the 'ten martyrs', including Rabbi Akiva
Toll inconnu
202
Septimius Severus forbade conversion to Judaism under severe penaltyForced conversion
Empire romain
Toll toll not established
249-251
Persecution of DeciusPersecution
Empire romain
the mandatory sacrifice also strikes Jews in the cities, despite their privilege
Toll inconnu
v. 300-306
Council of ElvirePersecution
Elvire (Bétique) · Espagne
mixed marriages, shared meals and blessing of harvests by Jews forbidden to Christians — first canonical corpus of separation
Toll toll not established
315
Constantine punishes with death the attack on converts to Christianity and forbids Jews from owning Christian slavesMassacre
Empire romain
Toll toll not established
339
Constantius II punishes by death the marriage of a Jew with a Christian woman from imperial manufactories and the circumcision of a slaveMassacre
Empire romain
Toll toll not established
351-352
Repression of the revolt against GallusMilitary repression
Galilée · Terre d'Israël
Sepphoris, Tiberias, Lydda razed
Toll milliers
363
Julian's enterprise to rebuild the Temple is interrupted; the Christian reaction following his death strikes the communitiesMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
388-439
Legal persecutions of the Theodosian CodePersecution
Empire romain d'Orient · Empire byzantin
prohibition of mixed marriages (388), exclusion from public office and civil service (418), prohibition of building new synagogues (439)
Toll toll not established
388-393
Theodosius forbade mixed marriages (388) then Jewish courts in civil matters; synagogues burned were no longer rebuilt at the expense of the culpritsMassacre
Empire romain
Toll toll not established
1ᵉʳ août 388
Synagogue set on fire by the crowd led by the bishop; Theodosius relinquishes demanding its reconstruction under pressure from Ambrose of MilanMassacre
Callinicum (Osroène) · Syrie
Toll toll not established
414-415
Violent expulsion under Bishop Cyril, plunderExpulsion
Alexandrie · Égypte
Toll inconnu
418
Forced conversion of the community (letter of Severus)Forced conversion
Minorque · Espagne
Toll toll not established
425-429
Legal persecutionPersecution
Galilée · Terre d'Israël
abolition of the Jewish patriarchate at the death of Gamaliel VI, then confiscation of the patriarchal tax by Theodosius II
Toll toll not established
429
Abolition of the Patriarchate of TiberiasMassacre
Empire romain d'Orient · Empire byzantin
the tax of the *aurum coronarium* paid until then to the patriarch reverts to the imperial treasury
Toll toll not established
465-541
Councils of Vannes (465), Agde (506), Épone (517) and Orleans (533, 538, 541)Persecution
Gaule · Gaule (France)
shared meals, mixed marriages and possession of Christian slaves forbidden to Jews
Toll toll not established
v. 470-520
Persecutions under Péroz and KavadhPersecution
Perse sassanide · Iran
execution of the exilarch Mar Zutra II (~520), massacre in Ispahan
Toll inconnu
484
Huneric extends to Jews the measures taken against CatholicsForced conversion
Afrique vandale · Afrique du Nord vandale
conversion or loss of property
Toll inconnu
489 et 507
Sack of the synagogue of Daphne by circus factions, bones exhumed and burnedPogrom
Antioche, Daphné · Turquie
Toll inconnu
9 juillet 507
Riot of the Green factionPogrom
Antioche · Turquie
Daphne synagogue set on fire, Jews massacred and bodies cast into flames (John Malalas)
Toll inconnu
519
Synagogues set on fireMassacre
Ravenne · Italie
Toll toll not established
529-553
Legal persecutions of JustinianPersecution
Empire byzantin
the Code prohibits Jewish testimony against Christians and the construction of synagogues; Novella 146 regulates Torah reading and forbids the teaching of the Mishna
Toll toll not established
535-545
Justinian orders the transformation of synagogues into churches in Africa reconquered from the Vandals and forbids Jewish worshipMassacre
Afrique byzantine · Afrique du Nord byzantine
Toll toll not established
555-556
Riots, Jews and Samaritans massacred in retaliationPogrom
Césarée · Terre d'Israël
Toll inconnu
576
Bishop Avitus has the synagogue destroyed; Jews must choose between baptism and exile to Marseille (Gregory of Tours)Forced conversion
Clermont-Ferrand · France
Toll >500 baptisés de force
576-591
Forced conversions and expulsions ordered by bishops Théodore, Ferréol and Sulpice; Grégoire the Great protests against forced baptismsForced conversion
Marseille, Uzès, Bourges · France
Toll inconnu
582
Chilperic I imposes baptism on the Jews of the kingdom; the merchant Priscus, who refuses, is murderedForced conversion
Neustrie · France
Toll toll not established
613-694
Sisebut (613)Forced conversion
Espagne wisigothique · Espagne
baptism or expulsion; Egica (694): enslavement of all Jews
Toll toll not established
624-625
Expulsion of the Jewish tribes of Banu Qaynuqa (624) and Banu Nadir (625) following the siege of their quartersExpulsion
Médine · Arabie saoudite
Toll toll not established
627
Execution of the men of the Jewish tribe Banu QurayzaTrials and executions
Médine · Arabie saoudite
Toll 600-900
628
Siege and conquest of the Jewish oasis of Khaybar; survivors kept as sharecroppers on their own landsMilitary repression
Khaybar · Arabie saoudite
Toll ~93 selon Ibn Ishaq
628-629
Massacre of Jews by Heraclius after the Byzantine reconquestMassacre
Jérusalem, Galilée · Terre d'Israël
Toll milliers
629-633
Dagobert I orders the baptism or expulsion of the Jews of the kingdom (Fredegar); the Fourth Council of Toledo forbids forcing baptism but retains already baptized childrenForced conversion
Royaume franc, Espagne · Espagne
Toll toll not established
632
Order of forced baptism by Heraclius; imitated by Dagobert in Gaul (633)Forced conversion
Empire byzantin
Toll toll not established
v. 640
Expulsion of Jews from Khaybar and the Hejaz by caliph OmarExpulsion
Hedjaz · Arabie saoudite
Toll toll not established
681-694
Councils XII and XVIIPersecution
Tolède · Espagne
Jewish worship forbidden, children taken at seven years old to be raised Christian, property confiscated and community declared enslaved
Toll toll not established
694
XVIIth Council of ToledoPersecution
Espagne wisigothique · Espagne
the Jews of Spain reduced to slavery, their property confiscated, their children taken away at age seven
Toll toute la communauté

Early Middle Ages and Crusades89

717-720
Caliph Omar II codifies the conditions of the dhimmaPersecution
Califat omeyyade
prohibition of building new places of worship, of bearing arms, of riding horses; distinctive clothing
Toll toll not established
723, 873, 930
Forced conversions under Leon III, Basil I, Romanus I LecapenusForced conversion
Empire byzantin
Toll toll not established
807
Harun al-Rashid imposes on Jews and Christians distinctive clothing and belts, first attested ghiyarMassacre
Bagdad · Irak
Toll toll not established
850-854
Decrees of al-MutawakkilPersecution
Bagdad, Empire abbasside · Irak
distinctive sign imposed (ghiyar), demolition of new synagogues, exclusion from public office
Toll toll not established
873-874
Forced conversions ordered by Basil IForced conversion
Empire byzantin
the communities of the Empire summoned to choose baptism or ruin
Toll inconnu
925
Massacre during the conquest of the city by the FatimidsMassacre
Oria · Italie
the community killed or taken into captivity, including the family of Shephatiah ben Amittaï
Toll inconnu
932-936
Forced conversions of Romanus LecapenusForced conversion
Empire byzantin
entire communities baptized, others flee to Khazaria and Southern Italy
Toll inconnu
1007
Persecution under Robert the PiousPersecution
Rouen · France
conversion or death imposed on the community, according to the chronicle of Jacob bar Yequtiel
Toll inconnu
1007-1012
Persecutions under Robert the Pious; expulsion from Mainz (1012); violence in Limoges, RouenExpulsion
France, Rhénanie · France et Allemagne
Toll inconnu
1009-1014
Al-Hakim orders Jews to wear a wooden block around their necks and heavy crosses for Christians; synagogues razed and property confiscatedMassacre
Le Caire · Égypte
Toll toll not established
1009
Al-Hakim has the synagogues of Jerusalem destroyed at the same time as the Holy SepulchreMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
1010
Bishop Alduin orders the community to convert or leave the town; violence in the wake of rumors about the destruction of the Holy SepulchreMassacre
Limoges · France
Toll inconnu
1012-1020
Persecutions by the caliph al-HakimPersecution
Le Caire, Fustat · Égypte
distinctive sign imposed, synagogues destroyed, forced conversions
Toll toll not established
1012
Expulsion of the community by Henri II; Gershom ben Juda, "light of the exile", loses his son there, forcibly convertedExpulsion
Mayence · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1013
Berber plunder of the city, Jews killed and driven outPogrom
Cordoue · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1021
Exécutions ordonnées par Benoît VIIITrials and executions
Rome · Italie
après un tremblement de terre et un ouragan attribués à une profanation de crucifix, le pape fait juger et brûler plusieurs Juifs de la ville (chronique d'Adémar de Chabannes)
Toll quelques-uns
1032
Massacre of the Jewish quarter during the capture of the city by Tamim ibn Ziri; the survivors reduced to captivityMassacre
Fès · Maroc
Toll inconnu
1033-1044
Zirid persecutionsPersecution
Tunisie, Kairouan · Tunisie
extraordinary contributions and conversion pressures on the community of Kairouan
Toll toll not established
1033
Massacre by the Zenata of Tamim ibn ZiriMassacre
Fès · Maroc
Toll ~6 000
1057
Destruction of the city by the Banu HilalMassacre
Kairouan · Tunisie
the oldest talmudic academy in North Africa disappeared, its masters dispersed to Egypt and Spain
Toll toute la communauté dispersée
1063
French knights sent to fight at Barbastro attacked communities on the way; Pope Alexander II wrote to the bishops of Spain to forbid itMassacre
Aragon · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1066
Assassination of vizier Joseph ibn Nagrela, massacre of the communityMassacre
Grenade · Espagne
Toll ~1 500 familles / ~4 000
1066-1067
After the massacre of 30 December 1066, the survivors are driven out of the city; the community will not be rebuilt until after the Almoravid conquestMassacre
Grenade · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1078
The Council of Gerona extended to Spain the prohibition forbidding Jews from exercising authority over Christians and collecting tithesPersecution
Gérone · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1090
Almoravid Conquest of AndalusiaMassacre
Grenade, Séville · Espagne
communities ransomed, Jewish notables driven from public office
Toll inconnu
1096
Massacres of the First Crusade in the RhinelandMassacre
Rhénanie · Allemagne
Speyer (May 3), Worms (May 18-25), Mainz (May 27), Cologne, Trier, Metz, Neuss, Wevelinghofen, Eller, Xanten, Mörs, Regensburg, Prague
Toll ~800 à Worms, ~1 000 à Mayence ; total 5 000-12 000
18 et 25 mai 1096
Two massacresMassacre
Worms · Allemagne
the community of the town on the 18th, that sheltered in the episcopal palace on the 25th; collective suicides
Toll ~800
1096
The bands of Volkmar and Gottschalk attack the Jews of Nitra and Merseburg before being destroyed by King ColomanMassacre
Hongrie
Toll inconnu
Mai-juin 1096
The archbishop disperses the community in seven neighboring towns; the crusaders massacre them one by one in JuneMassacre
Cologne, Neuss, Wevelinghoven, Eller, Xanten, Moers, Kerpen, Geldern, Altenahr · Allemagne
Toll plusieurs centaines
Mai-juin 1096
Massacre by crusaders en route to the OrientMassacre
Metz · France
Toll 22
Mai 1096
First massacre of the First CrusadeMassacre
Rouen · France
Jews gathered in a church, ordered to be baptized or killed (Guibert de Nogent)
Toll inconnu
3 mai 1096
Sabbath attack by the crusaders of Emicho of Flonheim; Bishop Jean shelters the survivors in his castles and has murderers executedTrials and executions
Spire · Allemagne
Toll 11
27 mai 1096
Assault on the palace of Archbishop RuthardMassacre
Mayence · Allemagne
the largest community of the Rhineland annihilated, numerous *kiddoush ha-Chem*
Toll ~1 100
Juin 1096
The refugees of Cologne take their own lives in the refectory hall at the moment of the Sabbath mealMassacre
Xanten · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Volkmar's crusaders massacre the community after Prague, on the road to HungaryMassacre
Wesseli (Bohême) · Tchéquie
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Jews driven into the Danube and forcibly baptized en masse; Henry IV would later permit them to return to JudaismMassacre
Ratisbonne · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté baptisée
Juin 1096
Massacre of Cologne refugees in the Middle Rhine townMassacre
Kerpen · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Massacre of Cologne refugees hidden in the Ruhr villageMassacre
Eller · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
The Jews of Cologne hidden in the town by archbishop Hermann III are discovered and massacred by the crusadersMassacre
Neuss · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Massacre of the refugees from Cologne; a few saved by the lord of the placeMassacre
Moers · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Massacre of refugees from Cologne; the cantor Samuel ben Yehiel and his son Yehiel drown themselves in the castle pondMassacre
Wevelinghoven · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin 1096
Massacre of Cologne refugees in Ahr castleMassacre
Altenahr · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
Juin-juill. 1096
Massacre and forced baptisms by the Crusaders of Volkmar, despite the opposition of Bishop CosmasForced conversion
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll inconnu
1ᵉʳ juin 1096
Jews sheltered in the palace of Archbishop EgilbertForced conversion
Trèves · Allemagne
suicides, drownings in the Moselle, forced baptisms of survivors
Toll inconnu
Juillet 1096
Last of the towns where the Archbishop of Cologne had dispersed his communityMassacre
Geldern · Allemagne
the refugees massacred or forcibly baptized
Toll inconnu
1098
Capture of the city by the crusadersMilitary repression
Antioche · Turquie
the community disappears with the population of the city
Toll inconnu
1099
Capture of the city by the Crusaders; Jews burned in the synagogueMassacre
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
Toll inconnu
1099
Siege and capture of the city by the crusaders of TancredMilitary repression
Haïfa · Israël
the community, which had defended the ramparts with the Fatimid garrison, is put to the sword
Toll toute la communauté
1100-1101
Communities dispersed or ransomed during the establishment of the Latin kingdom; survivors flow back toward Egypt and TyreMassacre
Ramla, Jaffa, Ascalon · Terre d'Israël
Toll inconnu
1107
Forced conversion imposed by the Almoravides; the community obtains a reprieve in exchange for a heavy contributionForced conversion
Lucena · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1109
Riot at the death of Alphonse VIPogrom
Tolède · Espagne
the Jewish quarter plundered and burned
Toll inconnu
1113
Looting of the Jewish quarter during the riot following the death of Sviatopolk IIPogrom
Kiev · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1121
The caliph al-Mustarshid renews the prohibitions of the ghiyarMassacre
Bagdad · Irak
bells at the baths, sewn insignia, forbidden mounts
Toll toll not established
1135
Riot during the campaign of Alphonse VIIPogrom
Cordoue · Espagne
the Jewish quarter pillaged and burned (elegy by Abraham ibn Ezra)
Toll inconnu
1140-1146
Almoravid collapseMilitary repression
Al-Andalus · Espagne
communities of Seville, Lucena and Córdoba ransomed and dispersed during civil wars
Toll inconnu
1144
First European ritual murder accusation (William of Norwich)Trials and executions
Norwich · Royaume-Uni
the motif subsequently spreads throughout Christendom
Toll toll not established
1146-1148
Almohad persecutionsPersecution
Maghreb, al-Andalus · Maroc et Espagne
conversion or death. Sijilmassa (150 killed), Fès, Marrakech, Tlemcen, Dra, Ceuta, Seville
Toll milliers ; fuite de la famille de Maïmonide
1146-1147
Second Crusade (preaching by the monk Raoul)Military repression
Rhénanie, France · Allemagne et France
Cologne, Mainz, Worms, Speyer, Würzburg (1147), Carentan, Ramerupt, Sully
Toll dizaines à centaines
1146
The crusaders of the Second Crusade attack the community, which defends itself and perishes in its houseMilitary repression
Carentan · France
Toll inconnu
1146
Preaching of the monk RaoulMassacre
Cologne · Allemagne
Simon the Pious of Trier killed, archbishop Arnold opens the castle of Wolkenburg to the Jews
Toll inconnu
1147
Rabbenou Tam wounded by five blows from crusaders on the second day of Shavuot, saved by a passing lordMassacre
Ramerupt · France
Toll toll not established
1147
Capture of the city by the AlmohadesMilitary repression
Marrakech · Maroc
the Jews ordered to choose between Islam, exile and death; the juderia disappears
Toll inconnu
1147
Massacre of the community by the Crusaders of the Second CrusadeMassacre
Sully-sur-Loire · France
Toll inconnu
24 févr. 1147
A body found in the Main attributed to the JewsMassacre
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
massacre by the crusaders, the remains collected by the bishop
Toll ~20
1148
Forced conversion imposed by Abd al-Mumin; part of the communities fled eastwardForced conversion
Tlemcen, Oran · Algérie
Toll inconnu
1159-1163
Extension of Almohad measures to IfriqiyaForced conversion
Tunis, Mahdia · Tunisie
synagogues closed, forced conversions, distinctive sign imposed on suspect converts
Toll toll not established
v. 1165-1172
Persecutions and conversion pressures; Maimonides addresses the « Epistle to Yemen » to threatened JewsForced conversion
Yémen
Toll toll not established
1165
Execution of Juda ibn Shushan, persecutionsTrials and executions
Fès · Maroc
Toll toll not established
1171
First accusation of ritual murder on the continentTrials and executions
Blois · France
Jews burnt alive
Toll 31-40
1171
Saladin abolishes the Fatimid caliphateMassacre
Le Caire · Égypte
extraordinary levies raised on the communities of Egypt
Toll toll not established
1179
Jews killed by CrusadersMassacre
Boppard · Allemagne
Toll 13
1179
Legal persecutionPersecution
Rome, IIIᵉ concile du Latran · Italie
prohibition on employing Christian servants and testifying against a Christian
Toll toll not established
1181
Philip Augustus cancels debts owed to the Jews in exchange for a fifth paid to the treasury, prelude to the expulsion of the following yearExpulsion
France
Toll toll not established
1181
Robert of Dreux had Jews burned, accused of ritual murder on the eve of the royal expulsionExpulsion
Bourges · France
Toll inconnu
1182
Expulsion from the royal domainExpulsion
France
Philip Augustus confiscates the property of Jews (edict of April) and expels them in July; the synagogue of Paris becomes a church
Toll toll not established
1183
The synagogues of the royal domain converted into churches after the expulsion; that of the City becomes the Church of the MagdaleneExpulsion
Paris · France
Toll toll not established
1187-1192
Fiscal persecution by Richard the LionheartPersecution
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
extraordinary levies followed by the creation of the Exchequer of the Jews (1194) to record debts and property
Toll toll not established
1188
"Saladin Tithe": Jews of England taxed at a quarter of their movable goods, those of France at extraordinary sums, to finance the Third CrusadeMilitary repression
Angleterre, France · Royaume-Uni
Toll toll not established
1189
Riot at the coronation of Richard the LionheartPogrom
Londres · Royaume-Uni
Toll ~30
1190
Massacres of the Third Crusade in EnglandMassacre
Lynn, Norwich, Stamford, Bury St Edmunds, Lincoln, York · Royaume-Uni
Lynn, Norwich, Stamford, Bury St Edmunds, Lincoln; in York, collective suicide and massacre at Clifford Tower (16–17 March).
Toll ~150 à York ; 57 à Bury
1190
Attacks of the Third Crusade in eastern England after YorkMilitary repression
Colchester, Thetford, Ospringe, Dunstable · Royaume-Uni
Toll inconnu
1190
The Jews take refuge in the royal castle and escape the massacre; their houses are plunderedMassacre
Lincoln · Royaume-Uni
Toll inconnu
Févr.-mars 1190
First massacres of the Third Crusade in EnglandMassacre
Lynn, Norwich, Stamford · Royaume-Uni
the community of Lynn burned in its home, Norwich attacked on February 6, Stamford plundered during the Lenten fair
Toll dizaines
16-17 mars 1190
The Jews sheltering in Clifford TowerMassacre
York · Royaume-Uni
mass suicide led by Yom Tov of Joigny, survivors massacred at the exit; debt registers burned in the cathedral
Toll ~150
18 mars 1190
Massacre of Palm Sunday, followed by the expulsion of survivors by Abbot SamsonExpulsion
Bury St Edmunds · Royaume-Uni
Toll 57
1191
An accusation of ritual murder leads the Jews of the city to the stakeTrials and executions
Chinon · France
Toll ~80
1192
Philip Augustus burns down the communityMassacre
Bray-sur-Seine · France
Toll 80-100
1195
Ritual murder accusationTrials and executions
Spire · Allemagne
Isaak ben Ascher Halevi and his daughter killed, then the rabbi and eight other Jews; houses looted and burned, Henry VI demands compensation from the city
Toll une dizaine
1198
Attacks during the conflict between Philip of Swabia and Otto of BrunswickMassacre
Spire, Worms · Allemagne
Jewish quarters plundered
Toll inconnu

13th–14th centuries398

1204
Sacking of the city by the Fourth CrusadePogrom
Constantinople · Empire byzantin
the Jewish quarter burned and pillaged
Toll inconnu
1205
Bulle « Etsi Judaeos » d'Innocent IIIPersecution
Rome · Italie
le pape fixe la doctrine de la servitude perpétuelle des Juifs, condamnés à l'errance pour le meurtre du Christ, et enjoint aux princes de ne pas les élever au-dessus des chrétiens
Toll toll not established
1209
Massacre de la juiverie pendant le sac de BéziersPogrom
Béziers · France
la ville est prise par les croisés albigeois le 22 juillet et la communauté, protégée jusque-là par le vicomte Trencavel, périt avec sa population
Toll ~200
1210
Bristol RansomPersecution
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
general arrest of the Jews of the kingdom, torture and ransom of 66,000 marks demanded by John Lackland; fiscal persecution that ruined the communities
Toll inconnu
1212
Massacre of the Jewish quarter by foreign crusaders who came to fight at Las Navas de Tolosa; the Castilian knights put an end to itMassacre
Tolède · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1215
Legal persecutionPersecution
Rome, IVᵉ concile du Latran · Italie
compulsory distinctive sign, exclusion from public office, prohibition from appearing in public at Passover
Toll toll not established
1218
First application of the distinctive sign in EuropePersecution
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
the rouelle imposed by Henry III after the Fourth Lateran Council; legal persecution that subsequently spreads throughout Christendom
Toll toll not established
1221
Riot, synagogue burnedPogrom
Erfurt · Allemagne
Toll ~26
1222
Council of OxfordTrials and executions
Oxford · Royaume-Uni
the distinctive badge imposed in England; trial and burning at the stake of a deacon converted to Judaism
Toll 1
1227
Concile de NarbonnePersecution
Narbonne · France
le port de la rouelle imposé aux Juifs du Midi, interdiction de sortir pendant la Semaine sainte et d'employer des nourrices chrétiennes
Toll toll not established
1231
Gregory IX establishes the Papal Inquisition; converts who have returned to Judaism now fall under the tribunal of faithTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1233
Auto-da-fé of the works of Maimonides at the instigation of opposing rabbis, first burning of a Jewish book by the ChurchTrials and executions
Montpellier · France
Toll toll not established
1235
Accusation of ritual murder in the wake of FuldaTrials and executions
Lauda, Bischofsheim · Allemagne
communities massacred
Toll inconnu
1235
Accusation of ritual murder, massacreMassacre
Fulda · Allemagne
Toll 34
1235
Accusation de meurtre rituelTrials and executions
Wolfsheim (Hesse rhénane) · Allemagne
la communauté attaquée après la découverte du corps d'un enfant, dans la même vague que Fulda et Lauda
Toll dizaines
1236
Crusaders massacre communities (letter from Gregory IX)Massacre
Anjou, Poitou, Bretagne · France
Toll ~3 000 tués, 500 baptisés de force
1236
Riot after a brawlPogrom
Narbonne · France
the Jewish quarter attacked, Jews killed before the viscount put an end to it
Toll inconnu
1239
General seizure of copies of the Talmud ordered by Gregory IXTrials and executions
France, Aragon, Castille, Angleterre · France
books confiscated and examined, prelude to the auto-da-fé in Paris
Toll toll not established
1241
« Judenschlacht »Massacre
Francfort · Allemagne
Toll ~180
17 juin 1242
Trial and auto-da-fé of the Talmud at Place de Grève, following the Disputation of 1240Trials and executions
Paris · France
approximately twenty cartloads, ~10,000 volumes burned
Toll toll not established
1243
First accusation of host desecrationTrials and executions
Beelitz (Brandebourg) · Allemagne
the community burned alive on the site known since as « Judenberg »
Toll toute la communauté
1244
Second burning of the Talmud on the Grève square, after that of 1242Massacre
Paris · France
Toll toll not established
1244
Burning of the Talmud ordered by Innocent IVTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1247
Innocent IV condemns the charge of ritual murder in the bull « Lachrymabilem Judaeorum »Trials and executions
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1247
Ritual murder accusation, Jews tortured and burnedMassacre
Valréas · France
Toll dizaine
1250
Accusation of ritual murder called the "holy child"Trials and executions
Saragosse · Espagne
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1255
Little Hugh affairTrials and executions
Lincoln · Royaume-Uni
Jews executed
Toll 19
1255
After the Lincoln affair, eighteen Jews hanged in London for refusing to acknowledge the juryTrials and executions
Londres · Royaume-Uni
Toll dix-huit pendus
1263
Disputation of BarcelonaTrials and executions
Barcelone · Espagne
public trial of the Talmud before James I; Nahmanide must go into exile and the work is censored
Toll toll not established
1263-1264
Worcester, London, Canterbury, Northampton, Winchester, Cambridge, LincolnMassacre
Angleterre (guerre des Barons) · Royaume-Uni
Toll ~500 à Londres
1263
War of the BaronsMilitary repression
Worcester · Royaume-Uni
the jewry plundered and Jews killed by the troops of Robert de Ferrers
Toll inconnu
1264
War of the BaronsMilitary repression
Londres · Royaume-Uni
the Jewry attacked by the partisans of Simon de Montfort, houses plundered and burned
Toll ~500
1264
Barons' WarMilitary repression
Canterbury · Royaume-Uni
the attacked community, debt archives destroyed
Toll inconnu
1264
War of the BaronsMilitary repression
Northampton · Royaume-Uni
the Jewry sacked by the rebel barons
Toll inconnu
1265
Barons' WarMilitary repression
Winchester · Royaume-Uni
the Jewry attacked by the troops of Simon de Montfort the Younger
Toll inconnu
1-2 mai 1265
Jews who took refuge in the synagogue were burned aliveMassacre
Sinzig · Allemagne
Toll 61
1266
War of the BaronsMilitary repression
Lincoln · Royaume-Uni
the Jewry plundered, debt registers burned
Toll inconnu
1266
War of the BaronsMilitary repression
Cambridge · Royaume-Uni
the community attacked by the 'disinherited' sheltering on the island of Ely
Toll inconnu
1267
Accusation of ritual murder, executionsTrials and executions
Pforzheim · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1267
Council of ViennePersecution
Vienne · Autriche
distinctive sign (horned hat), prohibition of public baths and exclusion from public office
Toll toll not established
1269
Ordinance of Saint LouisPersecution
France
badge imposed throughout the kingdom, forced sermons and persecution of converts who returned to Judaism
Toll toll not established
1270
Accusation de meurtre rituelTrials and executions
Weissenburg (Alsace) · France
la communauté accusée de la mort d'un enfant, plusieurs Juifs exécutés ; l'empereur Rodolphe de Habsbourg condamnera plus tard ces poursuites
Toll dizaines
1275
Statute of the Jewry of Edward IPersecution
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
interest-bearing loans forbidden, distinctive sign expanded, exclusion from trades — the community is ruined and then expelled in 1290
Toll toll not established
1278-1279
Mass hangings for « coin clipping »Trials and executions
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
Toll ~280
1283
RiotPogrom
Mayence · Allemagne
Toll 10
1285
Community burned in the synagogueMassacre
Munich · Allemagne
Toll ~180
1287-1288
« Werner of Oberwesel » affairTrials and executions
Oberwesel, Bacharach · Allemagne
Toll ~40
1288
Accusation of ritual murder in the Rhine valleyTrials and executions
Bonn · Allemagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1288
Jews burned alive (elegy of Troyes)Massacre
Troyes · France
Toll 13
1289
Charles II of Salerno expels the Jews from Anjou and MaineMassacre
Anjou · France
Toll toute la communauté
1290-1294
Angevin persecutionsPersecution
Naples, Pouilles · Italie
forced conversions, synagogues converted into churches, disappearance of communities in the kingdom
Toll toll not established
1290
Forced conversions in the kingdom of NaplesForced conversion
Naples · Italie
most communities in the South disappear
Toll toute la communauté
1290
Expulsion; drowning of passengers by a captainExpulsion
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
Toll dizaines
1292
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Colmar · France
Toll inconnu
1294
Ritual murder accusation called 'of Rudolf'Trials and executions
Berne · Suisse
Jews tortured and executed, survivors expelled from the city
Toll toll not established
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Kitzingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Ansbach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Repercussions of the Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Vienne (Autriche) · Autriche
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Iphofen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Sinsheim · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Rothenburg ob der Tauber · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll plusieurs centaines
1298
Rintfleisch Massacres in Upper FranconiaMassacre
Bayreuth · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Krautheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Uffenheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Dinkelsbühl · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Bamberg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Ochsenfurt · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch massacresMassacre
Franconie, Bavière, Autriche · Allemagne et Autriche
Röttingen, Würzburg, Nuremberg (~600), Rothenburg, Bamberg…
Toll ~146 communautés, 3 000-5 000 morts
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Neustadt an der Aisch · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Nördlingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Möckmühl · Allemagne
the community destroyed along the band's route, from the Tauber to the Main
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch massacres in Upper FranconiaMassacre
Kulmbach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Bad Wimpfen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch massacresMassacre
Heilbronn · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Rintfleisch MassacresMassacre
Mergentheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Windsheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of Rintfleisch in Upper FranconiaMassacre
Forchheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Weissenburg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
20 avril 1298
Starting point of the Rintfleisch massacresMassacre
Röttingen · Allemagne
accusation of host desecration, the community burned on the orders of the knight Rintfleisch
Toll toute la communauté
24 juillet 1298
Rintfleisch massacresMassacre
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
the community annihilated by the Rintfleisch band and the populace
Toll plusieurs centaines
1ᵉʳ août 1298
Massacres of RintfleischMassacre
Nuremberg · Allemagne
the Jews sheltered in the imperial castle massacred
Toll ~600
1299
Philip the Fair orders inquisitors to pursue Jews who receive converts returned to JudaismMassacre
Paris · France
Toll toll not established
1301
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Magdebourg · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
1303
Accusation de meurtre rituelTrials and executions
Weissensee (Thuringe) · Allemagne
la communauté est massacrée après la découverte du corps d'une jeune fille, et ses biens confisqués
Toll dizaines
22 juillet 1306
General arrest and expulsion from the kingdomExpulsion
France
all Jews arrested on the same day by order of Philip the Fair, their property confiscated
Toll toll not established
1309
Accusation of host desecrationTrials and executions
Ratisbonne · Allemagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1315
Louis X recalls the Jews expelled in 1306, against heavy payment and for only twelve yearsMassacre
France
Toll toll not established
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Montclus · France
the Pastoureaux who went to Aragon massacre the community sheltering in the fortress
Toll 337
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Verdun-sur-Garonne · France
the Jews sheltering in the castle tower are killed there or take their own lives
Toll 500
1320
Crusade of the PastoreauxMilitary repression
Lectoure · France
the Jews sheltered in a tower, killed or taking their own lives
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Bordeaux · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Rabastens · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the Pastoreaux in AragonMilitary repression
Jaca · Espagne
the community attacked after crossing the Pyrenees
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoreauxMilitary repression
Auch · France
the community attacked by shepherd bands
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Castelsarrasin · France
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoreauxMilitary repression
Albi · France
the community massacred by bands from the north
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Gimont · France
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the Pastoureaux in AragonMilitary repression
Monclús · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Cahors · France
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1320
Crusade of the PastoreauxMilitary repression
Sud-ouest de la France, Aragon · France et Espagne
Toulouse, Albi, Cahors, Castelsarrasin, Verdun-sur-Garonne (500 killed), Montclus (337 killed)
Toll ~110-120 communautés touchées
1320
Crusade of the PastoureauxMilitary repression
Toulouse · France
the Jewry attacked, Jews killed or forcibly baptized
Toll inconnu
1321
Lepers AffairTrials and executions
Uzès · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1321
Affair of the lepersTrials and executions
Vitry-le-François · France
Jews imprisoned, several taking their own lives before execution
Toll dizaines
1321
Lepers AffairTrials and executions
Bourges · France
Jews arrested and burned
Toll inconnu
1321
Affair of the lepersTrials and executions
France
Chinon (160 burned), Vitry, Tours, Bourges
Toll centaines
1321
Lepers AffairTrials and executions
Chinon · France
Jews burned in a pit on the island of Chinon
Toll 160
1321
Affair of the LepersTrials and executions
Carcassonne · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1321
The Leper AffairTrials and executions
Tours · France
Jews arrested, tried and executed
Toll inconnu
1321
Lepers AffairTrials and executions
Nîmes · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1321
Affair of the lepersTrials and executions
Pamiers · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1321
Lepers' AffairTrials and executions
Paris · France
Jews arrested and burned, accused of having had lepers poison the wells
Toll inconnu
1322
Charles IV expels the Jews from France anew, eight years after their recallMassacre
France
Toll toute la communauté
1328
Pogroms of NavarrePogrom
Tudela · Espagne
the community attacked in the wake of Estella
Toll inconnu
1328
Estella, Tudela, Pamplona, Funes…Massacre
Navarre · Espagne
Toll « 6 000 » selon les chroniques ; plusieurs milliers
1328
Pogroms of NavarrePogrom
Funes · Espagne
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1328
Navarre PogromsPogrom
Estella · Espagne
the Jewry attacked by the crowd led by friar Pedro de Ollogoyen
Toll plusieurs centaines
1328
Pogroms of NavarrePogrom
Pampelune · Espagne
the Jewry looted and Jews killed
Toll inconnu
1329
Holy Week riot against the callPogrom
Gérone · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1331
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Überlingen · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1336
First Armleder massacresMassacre
Uffenheim · Allemagne
Arnold d'Uissigheim's band attacks the community
Toll inconnu
1336-1338
Armleder massacresMassacre
Alsace, Franconie, Souabe · France et Allemagne
Toll ~110-120 communautés
1336
Beginning of the Armleder massacresMassacre
Röttingen · Allemagne
Arnold von Uissigheim's band destroys the community
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder massacresMassacre
Ochsenfurt · Allemagne
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder massacresMassacre
Kitzingen · Allemagne
the community attacked by peasant bands
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder MassacresMassacre
Gerolzhofen · Allemagne
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder Massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Bischofsheim an der Rhön · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder massacresMassacre
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
the community attacked a second time after Rintfleisch
Toll inconnu
1337
Massacres of the Armleder in FranconiaMassacre
Bamberg · Allemagne
The community attacked
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder massacresMassacre
Mergentheim · Allemagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1337
Armleder Massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Iphofen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1338
Accusation of host desecration, massacreMassacre
Deggendorf · Allemagne
Toll dizaines
1338
Armleder massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Ensisheim · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1338
Massacres of the Armleder in AlsaceMassacre
Guebwiller · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1338
Accusation of host desecration at EasterTrials and executions
Pulkau · Autriche
Jews burned at Pulkau, then at Retz, Znaim, Horn, Eggenburg, Klosterneuburg and Zwettl
Toll dizaines
1338
Armleder massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Rouffach · France
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1338
Armleder massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Mulhouse · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1338
Massacres of the Armleder in AlsaceMassacre
Ribeauvillé · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1338
Armleder massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Colmar · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1345
Riot against the Jewry of KazimierzPogrom
Cracovie · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1347
Riot against the communityPogrom
Vilnius · Lituanie
Toll inconnu
1348
Accusation of poisoning the wellsTrials and executions
Zofingue · Suisse
Jews tortured and executed, their confessions sent to neighboring towns
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Manosque · France
Toll inconnu
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in ProvenceMassacre
Marseille · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Digne · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Arles · France
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in Provence, in the wake of ToulonMassacre
Aix-en-Provence · France
Toll inconnu
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in Provence, in the wake of ToulonMassacre
Apt · France
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in CataloniaMassacre
Gérone · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in AragonMassacre
Teruel · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in AragonMassacre
Saragosse · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death Massacres in AragonMassacre
Huesca · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death Massacres in AragonMassacre
Monzón · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348-1351
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Europe occidentale
Toulon (April 1348, first), Apt, Manosque, Forcalquier, Barcelona, Cervera, Tàrrega (300), Girona, Lleida; Chillon (trial, Savoy); Bern, Zofingen, Zurich, Schaffhausen; Basel (Jan. 1349), Fribourg, Speyer, Strasbourg (Feb. 14, 1349, 900–2,000 burned), Worms (Mar. 1, ~400), Erfurt (Mar. 21, hundreds to 3,000), Frankfurt, Cologne, Mainz (Aug. 1349, « 6,000 »), Constance, Augsburg, Würzburg, Landshut, Breslau, Nuremberg (Dec. 1349, 562), Brussels (1350, ~600), Königsberg…
Toll ~300 communautés détruites, dizaines de milliers de morts
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in CataloniaMassacre
Tàrrega · Espagne
the call forced at the cry of 'death to treason', the dead thrown into common graves
Toll 300
1348
Black Death Massacres in CataloniaMassacre
Vilafranca del Penedès · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in RoussillonMassacre
Perpignan · France
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in CataloniaMassacre
Cervera · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll 18
1348
Massacres of the Black Death in CataloniaMassacre
Montblanc · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death Massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Riez · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Sisteron · France
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Draguignan · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death massacres in AragonMassacre
Calatayud · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Accusation of well poisoningMassacre
Berne · Suisse
Jews burned, survivors expelled
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death Massacres in CataloniaMassacre
Lérida · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Plague Massacres in ProvenceMassacre
Forcalquier · France
Toll inconnu
1348
Massacres of the Black Plague in CataloniaMassacre
Solsona · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1348
Black Death Massacres in ProvenceMassacre
La Baume-de-Sisteron · France
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
avril 1348
First massacre of the Black DeathMassacre
Toulon · France
the Jewry forced on the night of Holy Saturday, the dead dragged through the streets
Toll ~40
mai 1348
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Barcelone · Espagne
the call attacked by the crowd during the epidemic
Toll ~20
septembre 1348
Trial of ChillonTrials and executions
Chillon · Suisse
Jews of Villeneuve tortured in the castle, confessions of well-poisoning extracted and disseminated throughout the Empire
Toll dizaines
1349
Massacres of the Black Plague in SwabiaMassacre
Horb am Neckar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in Upper AustriaMassacre
Steyr · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in FranconiaMassacre
Ansbach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Andernach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Duisbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Überlingen · Allemagne
the community burned on the shore of Lake Constance
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in ThuringiaMassacre
Sangerhausen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in BohemiaMassacre
Pilsen · Tchéquie
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AustriaMassacre
Stein an der Donau · Autriche
the community destroyed along with that of Krems
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Turckheim · France
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Zwickau · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Halle · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SaxonyMassacre
Chemnitz · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SwitzerlandMassacre
Fribourg (Suisse) · Suisse
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Cologne · Allemagne
the community destroyed despite the letter from the town council warning against the accusation
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Lübeck · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Augsbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Rostock · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in the RhinelandMassacre
Trèves · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Colmar · France
the community burned, the place of the pyre said since « Judenloch »
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Diessenhofen · Suisse
the community burned after a trial for well poisoning
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Francfort · Allemagne
the jewry set on fire, the community annihilated
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Obernai · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in BrandenburgMassacre
Francfort-sur-l'Oder · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Fulda · Allemagne
the destroyed community, one hundred fourteen years after the massacre of 1235
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in ThuringiaMassacre
Gotha · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Greifswald · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AustriaMassacre
Krems · Autriche
the community destroyed despite the protection of Duke Albert II
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Constance · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SaxonyMassacre
Leipzig · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Winterthour · Suisse
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Lenzbourg · Suisse
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SilesiaMassacre
Liegnitz · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SilesiaMassacre
Oppeln · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Spire · Allemagne
the community destroyed, houses pillaged and the dead thrown into barrels in the Rhine
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in BavariaMassacre
Straubing · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Villingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AustriaMassacre
Wiener Neustadt · Autriche
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague Massacres in SaxonyMassacre
Wittenberg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in the Upper PalatinateMassacre
Amberg · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in HesseMassacre
Wetzlar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in BohemiaMassacre
Eger · Tchéquie
the burned community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in the RhinelandMassacre
Bad Kreuznach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Memmingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Oppenheim · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Berlin · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Stade · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AlsaceMassacre
Saverne · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Esslingen · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague Massacres in PomeraniaMassacre
Stettin · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Aarau · Suisse
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Osnabrück · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SaxonyMassacre
Magdebourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in FranconiaMassacre
Kitzingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed for the third time in half a century
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SaxonyMassacre
Meissen · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Bacharach · Allemagne
the community destroyed, sixty years after the affair of Werner of Oberwesel
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Quedlinbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Salzbourg · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AustriaMassacre
Sankt Pölten · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AustriaMassacre
Ybbs an der Donau · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Rottweil · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Heilbronn · Allemagne
the community destroyed, half a century after the bands of Rintfleisch
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in CarinthiaMassacre
Villach · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in MoraviaMassacre
Znaim · Tchéquie
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in ThuringiaMassacre
Nordhausen · Allemagne
the Jews, knowing their fate decided, dance and sing before mounting the pyre which they asked to build themselves
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Molsheim · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Schaffhouse · Suisse
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SilesiaMassacre
Brieg · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Ravensbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Plague in SwabiaMassacre
Rottenburg am Neckar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in MoraviaMassacre
Iglau · Tchéquie
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in the BrandenburgMassacre
Prenzlau · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Plague in SaxonyMassacre
Freiberg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Ulm · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in HesseMassacre
Bad Hersfeld · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Neuss · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Kempten · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Aix-la-Chapelle · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Hambourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in HesseMassacre
Eschwege · Allemagne
The community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Saint-Gall · Suisse
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in StyriaMassacre
Judenburg · Autriche
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in HesseMassacre
Friedberg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Donauwörth · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Sélestat · France
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in WestphaliaMassacre
Soest · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague MassacresMassacre
Geldern · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Rheinfelden · Suisse
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in BrandenburgMassacre
Spandau · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Wesel · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SilesiaMassacre
Glogau · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AustriaMassacre
Korneuburg · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Rothenburg ob der Tauber · Allemagne
the community rebuilt after Rintfleisch is destroyed in turn
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Zurich · Suisse
Jews burned after the accusation of poisoning the wells
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AlsaceMassacre
Ensisheim · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in Upper AustriaMassacre
Linz · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Wismar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in ThuringiaMassacre
Eisenach · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in Upper AustriaMassacre
Enns · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Plague in SwitzerlandMassacre
Soleure · Suisse
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Düren · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Hanovre · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Halberstadt · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AlsaceMassacre
Bergheim · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in WestphaliaMassacre
Dortmund · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Fribourg-en-Brisgau · Allemagne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in StyriaMassacre
Graz · Autriche
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Dinkelsbühl · Allemagne
the community destroyed, fifty years after the Rintfleisch bands
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in ThuringiaMassacre
Weimar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SilesiaMassacre
Neisse · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Ribeauvillé · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in HesseMassacre
Giessen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in Upper AustriaMassacre
Wels · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AlsaceMassacre
Guebwiller · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in BavariaMassacre
Passau · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Lindau · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in WestphaliaMassacre
Münster · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in MoraviaMassacre
Brünn · Tchéquie
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in PolandMassacre
Cracovie · Pologne
the Jewish quarter attacked and set afire despite the protection of Casimir III
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in FranconiaMassacre
Eichstätt · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in HesseMassacre
Marbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague Massacres in MoraviaMassacre
Olmütz · Tchéquie
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Mulhouse · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in AlsaceMassacre
Thann · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Boppard · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Munster (Alsace) · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Kaufbeuren · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Brême · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Windsheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Lunebourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Haguenau · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Breslau · Pologne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AustriaMassacre
Tulln · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Schweinfurt · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague MassacresMassacre
Hameln · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwabiaMassacre
Tübingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Stralsund · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Plague Massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Bamberg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Altkirch · France
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Hildesheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Bingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SwabiaMassacre
Reutlingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Plague in the RhinelandMassacre
Coblence · Allemagne
the community burned in its synagogue
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in WestphaliaMassacre
Paderborn · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Lucerne · Suisse
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in ThuringiaMassacre
Iéna · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Minden · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Landshut · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in the RhinelandMassacre
Oberwesel · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in BavariaMassacre
Ingolstadt · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Wissembourg · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Dresde · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Munich · Allemagne
the community rebuilt after the 1285 fire is destroyed again
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Goslar · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in PolandMassacre
Kalisz · Pologne
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in FranconiaMassacre
Forchheim · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black PlagueMassacre
Brunswick · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SaxonyMassacre
Naumbourg · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in the RhinelandMassacre
Bonn · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SwabiaMassacre
Stuttgart · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in SwitzerlandMassacre
Baden · Suisse
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death Massacres in ThuringiaMassacre
Mühlhausen · Allemagne
the destroyed community
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Rouffach · France
the community burned, eleven years after the Armleder bands
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in HesseMassacre
Cassel · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in SilesiaMassacre
Striegau · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SilesiaMassacre
Schweidnitz · Pologne
the community burned
Toll inconnu
1349
Black Death massacres in AlsaceMassacre
Kaysersberg · France
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1349
Massacres of the Black Death in SwabiaMassacre
Nördlingen · Allemagne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
janvier 1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Bâle · Suisse
the Jews shut up in a wooden house built on an island in the Rhine and burned alive
Toll plusieurs centaines
8 février 1349
Diet of BenfeldMassacre
Benfeld · France
the towns of Alsace and the bishop of Strasbourg decide the fate of Jewish communities; only Strasbourg opposes it at first, before the massacre of 14 February
Toll toll not established
14 février 1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Strasbourg · France
the Jews led to the cemetery and burned in a wooden hall, two days before the arrival of the plague
Toll 900 à 2 000
1ᵉʳ mars 1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Worms · Allemagne
the community burned, several Jews setting fire to their own houses
Toll ~400
21 mars 1349
Massacres of the Black DeathMassacre
Erfurt · Allemagne
the Jewish quarter attacked and burned, the community's treasure buried and found in 1998
Toll centaines à 3 000
août 1349
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Mayence · Allemagne
the largest community in Germany destroyed after armed resistance, Jews setting fire to their quarter
Toll « 6 000 » selon les chroniques
décembre 1349
Black Death massacresMassacre
Nuremberg · Allemagne
the Jewish quarter destroyed and Notre-Dame church built on the site of the synagogue
Toll 562
1350
Black Death MassacresMassacre
Königsberg · Russie
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1350
Massacres of the Black Death in BrabantMassacre
Bruxelles · Belgique
the community destroyed
Toll ~600
1354
Assembly of the communities of Aragon after the massacres of the Black Death, to obtain royal protectionMassacre
Saragosse · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1355
Castilian civil war (Henry of Trastamare)Military repression
Tolède · Espagne
Toll ~1 200
1355
Riot against the Jewry during the Castilian civil warPogrom
Cordoue · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1360
Castilian civil warMilitary repression
Nájera, Miranda de Ebro · Espagne
communities plundered and massacred by the troops of Henry of Trastamara
Toll inconnu
1360
Massacres of the Castilian civil warMassacre
Villadiego · Espagne
the community attacked by troops
Toll inconnu
1366
IdemMassacre
Briviesca · Espagne
Toll ~200
1366
Massacres of the Castilian civil warMassacre
Aguilar de Campoo · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1367
Massacres of the Castilian civil warMassacre
Burgos · Espagne
the Jewish quarter ransomed and looted
Toll inconnu
1369
Siege of Toledo during the Civil WarMilitary repression
Tolède · Espagne
the starving Jewry
Toll inconnu
1370
Host affair, Jews burned then expulsionExpulsion
Bruxelles · Belgique
Toll ~20
1370
Accusation of Host Desecration in BrabantTrials and executions
Enghien · Belgique
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1377
Riot against the Jewry of SicilyPogrom
Palerme · Italie
Toll inconnu
1380
Anti-fiscal riots turning into pogromPogrom
Paris · France
Toll dizaines
1ᵉʳ mars 1382
Riot of the MaillotinsPogrom
Paris · France
Jewish quarter looted, Jews killed, children forcibly baptized and entrusted to Christian families
Toll 16 selon une chronique, des centaines selon une autre
1383
Riot of the interregnumPogrom
Lisbonne · Portugal
the Jewish community plundered during the uprising against Leonor Teles
Toll inconnu
1385
General arrest in the cities of the EmpirePersecution
Nuremberg · Allemagne
debts annulled, assets confiscated, fiscal persecution of the communities
Toll toll not established
1385
Riot against the jewryPogrom
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll inconnu
1387
Lithuania receives baptism; Jews lose their former privilegesForced conversion
Vilnius · Lituanie
Toll toll not established
1388
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Lisbonne · Portugal
Toll inconnu
1389
Easter pogromPogrom
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll 400 à 3 000 selon les sources
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Tarragone · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Ségovie · Espagne
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Huete · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Écija · Espagne
the Jewry attacked, city of the preaching of Ferrán Martínez
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Ávila · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Burgos · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked, mass conversions
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Carmona · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Alcira · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Xàtiva · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Jerez de la Frontera · Espagne
the Jewry attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Madrid · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Tortosa · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391 in SpainMassacre
Espagne
Seville (June 6), Córdoba, Toledo, Madrid, Cuenca, Burgos, Logroño, Valencia (July 9, 250), Majorca (300), Barcelona (August 5–8, ~400), Girona, Lleida, Perpignan
Toll milliers de morts, dizaines de milliers de conversions forcées
1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Orihuela · Espagne
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Murcie · Espagne
the Jewry attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Cuenca · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Logroño · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
juin 1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Cordoue · Espagne
the Jewish quarter set on fire and plundered
Toll inconnu
juin 1391
1391 MassacresMassacre
Tolède · Espagne
the Jewish quarter attacked, Jews killed or forcibly baptized
Toll inconnu
6 juin 1391
Starting point of the 1391 massacresMassacre
Séville · Espagne
the Jewry forced after the sermons of Ferrán Martínez, synagogues transformed into churches
Toll plusieurs milliers
9 juillet 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Valence · Espagne
the call forced by a band of young men, the survivors mass baptized
Toll 250
août 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Lérida · Espagne
the forced call, the survivors baptized in the cathedral
Toll ~78
août 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Majorque · Espagne
the call of Palma forced and looted
Toll 300
août 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Gérone · Espagne
the call attacked, survivors taking refuge in the Força Vella
Toll inconnu
août 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Perpignan · France
the call attacked
Toll inconnu
5-8 août 1391
Massacres of 1391Massacre
Barcelone · Espagne
the call besieged then taken, the Jews sheltering in the fortress massacred
Toll ~400
1392
Aftermath of the 1391 massacres in AragonMassacre
Barbastro · Espagne
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
17 septembre 1394
Definitive expulsion from the kingdomExpulsion
France
ordinance of Charles VI, executed on November 3
Toll toll not established
1399
Host desecration accusation, executionsTrials and executions
Poznań · Pologne
Toll toll not established

15th–17th centuries278

1401
Alleged ritual murder, executionsTrials and executions
Diessenhofen · Suisse
Toll toll not established
1407
PogromPogrom
Cracovie · Pologne
Toll toll not established
1410-1416
Sermons by Vincent Ferrier, forced conversionsForced conversion
Castille, Aragon · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1413-1414
Disputation de TortosaForced conversion
Tortosa · Espagne
convoquée par l'antipape Benoît XIII, la plus longue controverse forcée du Moyen Âge tient soixante-neuf séances ; les rabbins d'Aragon y sont retenus vingt mois et des milliers de conversions suivent
Toll conversions de masse
11 mai 1415
Bulle « Etsi doctoris gentium » de Benoît XIIIPersecution
États d'Aragon · Espagne
le Talmud interdit, les Juifs contraints d'assister à trois sermons par an, exclus des métiers et des charges, leurs synagogues réduites à une par ville
Toll toll not established
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Wiener Neustadt · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Ybbs an der Donau · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraTrials and executions
Enns · Autriche
the accusation of host desecration starts from Enns and spreads throughout Austria
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Stein an der Donau · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420-1421
Gesera of ViennaMassacre
Vienne · Autriche
community burnt (12 March 1421), remainder expelled
Toll ~210
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Krems · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Korneuburg · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Tulln · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Steyr · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1420
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Linz · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1421
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Vienne (Autriche) · Autriche
the Jews of Vienna burned at the Erdberg or drowned, children taken to be baptized, the synagogue razed
Toll plus de deux cents brûlés
1421
Wiener GeseraMassacre
Sankt Pölten · Autriche
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1422
Hussite attacks against the Jewry of the Old TownMassacre
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll inconnu
1424
Expulsion of the Jews of CologneExpulsion
Cologne · Allemagne
the privilege of residence is not renewed, the community leaves the city and does not return until the nineteenth century
Toll toll not established
1427
Expulsion of Jews from Berne, pronounced by the City CouncilExpulsion
Berne · Suisse
Toll toll not established
1429-1430
Accusations of ritual murder, executionsTrials and executions
Ravensburg, Lindau, Überlingen · Allemagne
Toll dizaines
1431
The Council of Bâle renews the decrees of separationPersecution
Bâle · Suisse
badge, prohibition of university degrees, mandatory sermons
Toll toll not established
1432
Expulsion of the Jews from the Electorate of SaxonyExpulsion
Saxe · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1435
Forced conversion of the communityForced conversion
Majorque · Espagne
accusation of ritual crucifixion, mass baptisms; birth of the « Xuetes »
Toll toute la communauté
1435
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Spire · Allemagne
Toll inconnu
1438
Expulsion of the Jews of Mainz by the cityExpulsion
Mayence · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1438
Creation of the mellah and expulsion from the medinaExpulsion
Fès · Maroc
after the discovery of the tomb of Idris II, Jews are confined to the new quarter of Fès Jdid
Toll toll not established
1439
Expulsion of the Jews of Augsburg by the city councilExpulsion
Augsbourg · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1442
Eugene IV renews the laws of separation and forbids Jews to study the TalmudPersecution
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1442
Albert III expels Jews from Upper BavariaMassacre
Bavière · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1446
Frederick II has the Jews of the margraviate arrested and their property confiscated before expelling themMassacre
Brandebourg · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1449
Anti-converso riot by Pero SarmientoPogrom
Tolède · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1450
Expulsion of the Jews of Lower Bavaria, following the sermons of Jean de CapistranExpulsion
Basse-Bavière · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1453
Preaching of Capistrano, Jews burnedMassacre
Breslau · Pologne
Toll 41
1453
Expulsion of Jews from the royal cities of Moravia following the sermons of Jean de CapistranExpulsion
Brünn · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1454
Expulsion of Jews from the royal cities of MoraviaExpulsion
Iglau · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1454
Expulsion of Jews from Silesia after the preaching of Jean de CapistranExpulsion
Neisse · Pologne
Toll toute la communauté
1454
Expulsion of Jews from the royal cities of MoraviaExpulsion
Olmütz · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1454
Expulsion of Jews from the royal cities of MoraviaExpulsion
Znaim · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1455
Expulsion of the Jews from the bishopricExpulsion
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1458
Expulsion of Jews from ErfurtExpulsion
Erfurt · Allemagne
the community is dissolved and the synagogue converted to another use
Toll toll not established
1462
Expulsion of the Jews of Mainz by Archbishop Adolf II of Nassau, after the war of successionExpulsion
Mayence · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1462
Legend of Anderl, executionsTrials and executions
Rinn (Tyrol) · Autriche
Toll toll not established
1464
Crusaders massacre JewsMassacre
Cracovie · Pologne
Toll ~30
1465
Massacre of the mellah during the overthrow of the MarinidsMassacre
Fès · Maroc
Toll quasi-totalité de la communauté
1467
Anti-converso riotPogrom
Tolède · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1468
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Sepúlveda · Espagne
eighteen Jews sentenced and executed by bishop Juan Arias Dávila, then the community attacked by the population
Toll 18 exécutés
1470
First documented ritual murder trial of the Holy Roman EmpireTrials and executions
Endingen · Allemagne
three brothers, Elias, Eberlin and Mercklin, burned
Toll 3
1470
Expulsion of the Jews of Mainz, the secondExpulsion
Mayence · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1473-1474
Massacres of conversos in AndalusiaMassacre
Cordoue, Jaén, Andújar, Ségovie… · Espagne
Toll centaines
1473
Anti-converso riots in AndalusiaPogrom
Cordoue · Espagne
the quarter of new Christians plundered and burned for three days
Toll centaines
1473
Riots against converts in Old CastilePogrom
Valladolid · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1473
Anti-converso riots in AndalusiaPogrom
Andújar · Espagne
Toll inconnu
1473
Anti-Conversos RiotsPogrom
Jaén · Espagne
the constable Miguel Lucas de Iranzo, who protected them, assassinated in the cathedral, then the conversos massacred
Toll inconnu
1474
Anti-converso riotsPogrom
Ségovie · Espagne
the quarter attacked, the survivors taking refuge in the alcazar
Toll inconnu
1474
Anti-Converso Riots in AndalusiaPogrom
Carmona · Espagne
the New Christians attacked and driven out
Toll inconnu
1475
Simon of Trento affair, Jews tortured and executedTrials and executions
Trente · Italie
Toll ~15
1476
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Ratisbonne · Allemagne
seventeen Jews imprisoned and tortured, the proceedings halted by Emperor Frederick III
Toll toll not established
1478
Host accusation, executionsTrials and executions
Passau · Allemagne
Toll 4
1480-1530
InquisitionTrials and executions
Espagne
conversos 'Judaizing' burned (Seville, Toledo, Zaragoza…)
Toll ~2 000-5 000 exécutés sur la période
1480
Expulsion of Jews from the city, who could only resettle in the Ghetto quarterExpulsion
Venise · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
6 févr. 1481
First auto-da-fé of the Spanish InquisitionTrials and executions
Séville · Espagne
conversos burned on the Quemadero
Toll 6
1483
Expulsion of Jews from Andalusia ordered by the Inquisition, prelude to the 1492 decreeExpulsion
Andalousie · Espagne
Toll toll not established
1483
Expulsion of Jews from Warsaw by the Duke of MasoviaExpulsion
Varsovie · Pologne
Toll toute la communauté
1484
Riot against the Jewry, in the wake of Provence's attachment to FrancePogrom
Arles · France
Toll inconnu
1484
First auto-da-fés of the Ciudad Real tribunal against Judaizing convertsTrials and executions
Ciudad Real · Espagne
Toll dizaines brûlés
1485
Expulsion of the Jews of Perugia, following sermons by the Observant FranciscansExpulsion
Perugia · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1485
Reprisals after the assassination of inquisitor ArbuésMassacre
Saragosse · Espagne
Toll dizaines
1486
Expulsion of the Jews of VicenzaExpulsion
Vicence · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1486
Autos-da-fé of the Toledo InquisitionTrials and executions
Tolède · Espagne
several hundred conversos reconciled in penitential procession, the relapsed handed over to the stake
Toll dizaines d'exécutions
1486
Public auto-da-fé of Judaizing convertsTrials and executions
Séville · Espagne
Toll dizaines brûlés
1487
Riot against the Jewry of ProvencePogrom
Aix-en-Provence · France
Toll inconnu
1488
Auto-da-féTrials and executions
Tolède · Espagne
conversos condemned and burned, several in effigy
Toll dizaines
1488
The tribunal of the Inquisition settles in CataloniaTrials and executions
Barcelone · Espagne
first autos-da-fé of converts
Toll dizaines brûlés
1488
Expulsion of the Jews of ParmaExpulsion
Parme · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1489
Expulsion of the Jews of RavennaExpulsion
Ravenne · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1490-1491
Trial of the « Holy Child of La Guardia »Trials and executions
Tolède, Ávila · Espagne
Jews and conversos tortured, tried in Ávila and burned, the sentence serving as argument for the expulsion decree
Toll 8
1491
« Holy Child of La Guardia », executionsTrials and executions
La Guardia · Espagne
Toll 8
1491
The Spanish Inquisition extended to SicilyTrials and executions
Palerme · Italie
first autos-da-fé
Toll inconnu
1492
Procès de profanation d'hostieTrials and executions
Sternberg (Mecklembourg) · Allemagne
vingt-sept Juifs brûlés le 24 octobre, la communauté expulsée du duché ; le lieu devient un pèlerinage
Toll 27
1492-1493
Expulsion from the kingdoms of Sicily and Sardinia, Aragonese possessions, in application of the Granada decreeExpulsion
Sicile, Sardaigne · Italie
Toll toll not established
1492
Expulsion; deaths at sea, in Fez (epidemic), in NaplesExpulsion
Espagne
Toll milliers
1492
Edict of the Alhambra signed in GranadaPersecution
Grenade · Espagne
Jews of Spain have four months to convert or leave
Toll tout le judaïsme d'Espagne
1492
Application of the expulsion edict in SicilyExpulsion
Palerme · Italie
the oldest community in Italy disappears
Toll toute la communauté
1492
Entry of the Expellees from SpainMassacre
Portugal
authorized to stay eight months in exchange for an entry fee, those remaining beyond that were reduced to slavery
Toll milliers
1492
Application of the expulsion edict in SardiniaExpulsion
Cagliari · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1493
Deportation of childrenExpulsion
São Tomé · São Tomé-et-Principe
taken from their parents during the expulsion from Portugal and sent to populate the island
Toll ~2 000 enfants, ~600 vivants un an après
1493
Massive arrival of the expelled from Spain, welcomed by Bajazet IIMassacre
Salonique · Grèce
Toll toll not established
1493
Expulsion of Jews from the duchyExpulsion
Ferrare · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1494
Émeute contre la juiveriePogrom
Reggio de Calabre · Italie
le quartier juif pillé pendant les troubles qui suivent l'entrée des Français dans le royaume de Naples
Toll inconnu
1494
Ritual murder accusation, Jews burnedMassacre
Tyrnau (Trnava) · Slovaquie
Toll 12-16
1495
Expulsion from the Grand DuchyExpulsion
Lituanie
Alexander Jagiellon expels all Jews; return permitted in 1503
Toll toll not established
1495
Riot against the Jewry after the fall of the Medici and the preachings of SavonarolePogrom
Florence · Italie
Toll inconnu
1496
Expulsion of the Jews of Laibach, capital of CarniolaExpulsion
Ljubljana · Slovénie
Toll toute la communauté
1496
Maximilian I expels the Jews from CarniolaMassacre
Carniole · Slovénie
Toll toute la communauté
1496
Maximilian I expels the Jews of Styria against compensation from the estatesMassacre
Styrie · Autriche
Toll toute la communauté
1496
Maximilian I expelled Jews from CarinthiaMassacre
Carinthie · Autriche
Toll toute la communauté
1496
Decree of expulsion by Manuel I, immediately diverted into forced conversionForced conversion
Portugal
ports are closed to those departing
Toll toll not established
1497
Abduction of Jewish children aged four to fourteen, forcibly baptized before general conversionForced conversion
Lisbonne · Portugal
Toll milliers d'enfants
1497
Forced mass conversionForced conversion
Portugal
Toll toll not established
1497
Implementation of the Portuguese edictPersecution
Porto · Portugal
Jews gathered for embarkation then forcibly baptized
Toll toute la communauté
1497
Aftermath of the expulsion from StyriaExpulsion
Graz · Autriche
the synagogue transformed into a church
Toll toll not established
1498-1499
Expulsion of the communityExpulsion
Nuremberg · Allemagne
decree of June 21, 1498, departure on March 10, 1499, cemetery and synagogue destroyed
Toll toll not established
1498
Expulsion from the Kingdom of NavarreExpulsion
Navarre · Espagne
those who remain must receive baptism
Toll toll not established
1499
Ban on emigration imposed on New ChristiansPersecution
Portugal
forced converts are held back in the kingdom
Toll toll not established
1499
Expulsion of the Jews of UlmExpulsion
Ulm · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1500-1501
Expulsion of Jews from Provence following annexation to FranceExpulsion
Provence · France
baptism or departure
Toll toll not established
1501-1502
Prohibition of entry imposed on Jews and banishment of condemned convertsPersecution
Castille, León · Espagne
the Crown closes its borders to returnees from 1492
Toll toll not established
1504
Riot of the Rua NovaPogrom
Lisbonne · Portugal
New Christians attacked, prelude to the massacre of 1506
Toll inconnu
1506
Massacre of New Christians (19–21 April)Massacre
Lisbonne · Portugal
Toll 2 000-4 000
1506
Riots against new Christians in the wake of the Lisbon massacrePogrom
Évora · Portugal
Toll inconnu
1507
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Padoue · Italie
Toll inconnu
1509
Johannes Pfefferkorn obtains from Maximilian I the seizure of Hebrew books from the RhinelandMassacre
Cologne · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1510
Expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of Naples ordered by Ferdinand the CatholicExpulsion
Naples · Italie
Toll toll not established
1510
Host desecration accusation, Jews burnedMassacre
Berlin · Allemagne
Toll 38
1510
Host Desecration AccusationTrials and executions
Brandebourg · Allemagne
the Jews of the march arrested, tried and burned in Berlin, the community expelled
Toll trente-huit brûlés
1511
Seizure of Hebrew books, before Reuchlin's interventionMassacre
Francfort · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1514
Expulsion of the Jews of HalleExpulsion
Halle · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1515
Expulsion of Jews from GenoaExpulsion
Gênes · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1516
Creation of the first ghettoPersecution
Venise · Italie
Senate decree of March 29, Jews confined to the Ghetto Nuovo from April 10; ~700 people
Toll toll not established
1517
Looting during the Ottoman conquest of PalestinePogrom
Safed, Hébron · Terre d'Israël
Jewish quarters attacked during the change of power
Toll inconnu
1519
Expulsion of Jews from RegensburgExpulsion
Ratisbonne · Allemagne
the synagogue is demolished and a chapel built in its place
Toll toll not established
1519
Expulsion of the Jews and destruction of the Jewish quarterExpulsion
Rothenburg ob der Tauber · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1520
Portuguese New Christians sheltering in Venice pursued as JudaizersMassacre
Vénétie · Italie
Toll inconnu
1524
Sack of the Jewry of CranganorePogrom
Cranganore (Inde) · Inde
houses and synagogue burned during commercial rivalries on the Malabar coast, the survivors take refuge in Cochin under the protection of the raja
Toll inconnu
1524
Persecution of the Jews of Egypt by the rebel governor Ahmed Pasha, who demands ransom on pain of deathPersecution
Le Caire · Égypte
Toll toll not established
1526
Expulsion of the Jews of Ödenburg after MohácsExpulsion
Sopron · Hongrie
Toll toute la communauté
1526
The Jews of Buda taken by the Ottomans toward the Empire after the taking of the cityMilitary repression
Buda · Hongrie
Toll toute la communauté
1526
After the defeat of Mohács, the Jews driven out of the free cities of HungaryMassacre
Bratislava · Slovaquie
Toll toute la communauté
1528
Auto-da-fé of Mexico CityTrials and executions
Mexico · Mexique
the conversos Hernando Alonso and Gonzalo de Morales burned by the Inquisition of New Spain
Toll 2
1529
Alleged ritual murder, Jews burnedMassacre
Pösing (Bazin) · Slovaquie
Toll 30
1530
Riot against the Jewish quarterPogrom
Rome · Italie
Toll inconnu
1532
Seizure of the property of Portuguese Marranos who took refuge in the papal portMassacre
Ancône · Italie
Toll toll not established
1533
Clement VII forbids Jews in Italy from receiving fugitive new ChristiansMassacre
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1536-1800
Portuguese InquisitionTrials and executions
Portugal
New Christians burned
Toll ~1 200-1 800 exécutés
1536-1543
Persecutions in SaxonyPersecution
Saxe · Allemagne
expulsion renewed by John Frederick, then publication of Luther's libel 'On the Jews and Their Lies' (1543) which calls for burning synagogues
Toll toll not established
1539
Auto-da-fé of Judaizing convertsTrials and executions
Cordoue · Espagne
Toll dizaines brûlés
1540
First auto-da-fé of the Portuguese Holy OfficeTrials and executions
Lisbonne · Portugal
Toll dizaines condamnés
1540
Ritual Murder Accusation in BavariaTrials and executions
Sappenfeld · Allemagne
Jews arrested and executed
Toll inconnu
1541
Expulsion ordered by Ferdinand I after the fires of Prague, attributed to JewsExpulsion
Prague, Bohême · Tchéquie
Toll toll not established
1541
Definitive Expulsion of the Jews from the Kingdom of NaplesExpulsion
Naples · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1543
Publication of Luther's « Von den Juden und ihren Lügen », calling for the burning of synagogues, destruction of houses and confiscation of books — text reprinted by persecutors through the twentieth centuryMassacre
Wittenberg · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1543
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
the attacked community
Toll inconnu
1544
Expulsion of Jews from the DuchyExpulsion
Brunswick · Allemagne
Toll toute la communauté
1547
Ferdinand I orders the expulsion of Jews from Bohemia following the revolt of the estatesExpulsion
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1550
New expulsion of the Jews of GenoaExpulsion
Gênes · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
8 juill. 1550
Decree expelling marranos from the territory of the RepublicExpulsion
Venise · Italie
Toll toll not established
1551
Expulsion of the Jews from the Duchy of Bavaria, pronounced by Albert VExpulsion
Bavière · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1551
Expulsion of Portuguese New Christians from the Kingdom of France, revoked shortly afterExpulsion
Provence · France
Toll toll not established
1553
Burning of the Talmud in the papal cityMassacre
Bologne · Italie
Toll toll not established
9 septembre 1553
Auto-da-fé of the Talmud by order of Julius III, on the day of Rosh HashanaTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
bonfire at Campo dei Fiori, imitated throughout Italy
Toll toll not established
1554
Autodafés of the Talmud in Northern Italy, in the wake of the bull of Julius IIITrials and executions
Ferrare, Venise, Mantoue · Italie
copies seized and burned in public squares
Toll toll not established
1555-1556
Paul IV burns marranosMassacre
Ancône · Italie
Toll 24-25
14 juillet 1555
Bull "Cum nimis absurdum" of Paul IVPersecution
Rome · Italie
confinement of the Jews of Rome in a ghetto, wearing of the distinctive sign, prohibition of most trades; ~2,000 people
Toll toll not established
1556
Auto-da-fé of the Marranos of AnconaTrials and executions
Ancône (États pontificaux) · Italie
Portuguese New Christians tried and burned by order of Paul IV, others sent to the galleys, despite the safe conduct granted by his predecessors
Toll 25
1557
Marranos survivors from Ancona welcomed by the Duke of Urbino; boycott of the papal port decreed by the communities of the LevantPersecution
Pesaro · Italie
Toll toll not established
1558
Expulsion of the Jews from secondary towns of the Papal StatesExpulsion
Recanati · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1559
New auto-da-fé of the Talmud and Hebrew books under Paul IVTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
seizures in homes and synagogues
Toll toll not established
1560
The tribunal of the Inquisition settles in the Portuguese Indies and pursues the new ChristiansTrials and executions
Goa · Inde
Toll inconnu
1561
New Attempt at Expulsion of the Jews of BohemiaExpulsion
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll toute la communauté
1563
Capture of the city by Ivan the TerribleMilitary repression
Polotsk · Biélorussie
Jews who refuse baptism are drowned in the Dvina
Toll ~300
1566
Pius V renews all laws of separation and forbids Jews from owning landed propertyPersecution
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1567
Expulsion of the Jews from the Republic of Genoa, renewed after a century of precarious toleranceExpulsion
Gênes · Italie
Toll toll not established
1569
Implementation of the bull « Hebraeorum gens »Persecution
Bologne · Italie
Jews expelled from the Papal States, except Rome and Ancona
Toll toute la communauté
1569
Implementation of the bull "Hebraeorum gens"Persecution
Pérouse · Italie
the community driven out
Toll toute la communauté
26 févr. 1569
Bull «Hebraeorum gens» of Pius VExpulsion
États pontificaux · Italie
expulsion from all the Papal States, except Rome and Ancona
Toll toll not established
1570-1620
Wars against the Beta Israël (Sarsa Dengel, Susenyos)Military repression
Éthiopie
massacres, enslavements, forced conversions
Toll milliers
1570
The Inquisition tribunal extended its prosecutions to Jews accused of detaining convertsTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
Toll inconnu
1571-1573
Expulsion from the margraviate of Brandenburg after the trial of Lippold, tortured to death in BerlinExpulsion
Brandebourg · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1571
After Lepanto, the Senate votes for the expulsion of Jews, suspended the following yearExpulsion
Venise · Italie
Toll toll not established
1572
Riot against the Jewry of KazimierzPogrom
Cracovie · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1573
Riot against the communityPogrom
Vilnius · Lituanie
Toll inconnu
1574
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Poznań · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1577
Gregory XIII imposes on the Jews of Rome the mandatory sermon on SaturdayMassacre
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1580-1615
Inquisition trial against judaizers of Peru and New SpainTrials and executions
Lima, Mexico · Pérou
arrests, torture, burnings
Toll dizaines
1581
Gregory XIII subjects the Jews to the jurisdiction of the Inquisition for blasphemy and protection of apostatesTrials and executions
Rome · Italie
Toll toll not established
1584
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Poznań · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1586
Persecution of the Jews of Morocco under the SaadiansPersecution
Tétouan · Maroc
Toll inconnu
1589
Riot against the communityPogrom
Vilnius · Lituanie
Toll inconnu
1591
Auto-da-fé of Judaizing new Christians in New SpainTrials and executions
Mexico · Mexique
Toll dizaines condamnés
1592
Student riot against JewryPogrom
Poznań · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1593
Application of the bull 'Caeca et obdurata'Persecution
Pérouse · Italie
the community driven out a second time
Toll toute la communauté
1593
Expulsion of Jews from Bologne in application of the bull « Caeca et obdurata »Expulsion
Bologne · Italie
the ghetto closed, the cemetery destroyed
Toll toll not established
1593
Clement VIII expels the Jews again from the Papal States outside Rome, Ancona and AvignonMassacre
Rome · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
25 févr. 1593
Bull «Caeca et obdurata» of Clement VIIIExpulsion
États pontificaux · Italie
renewed expulsion, Jews confined to Rome, Ancona and Avignon
Toll toll not established
1595
Riot against the JewryPogrom
Lublin · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1596
Trial of the CarvajalTrials and executions
Mexico · Mexique
nine family members burned as Judaizers
Toll neuf brûlés
1597
Expulsion of Jews from the Duchy of Milan, ordered by Philip II of SpainExpulsion
Duché de Milan · Italie
Toll toll not established
1597
Application of the Spanish expulsion to the Duchy of MilanExpulsion
Milan · Italie
Toll toute la communauté
1598
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Lublin · Pologne
three Jews executed and the child's body venerated
Toll trois exécutés
1607
Émeute contre la juiveriePogrom
Boskovice (Moravie) · Tchéquie
le quartier juif pillé par la population de la ville
Toll inconnu
1611
Invasion by the Troops of PassauMilitary repression
Prague · Tchéquie
the Jewish quarter looted during the disorders
Toll inconnu
1614-1615
Fettmilch riotsPogrom
Francfort, Worms · Allemagne
pillage, expulsion
Toll quelques morts
1614
Looting of the Judengasse by the rioters of Vincenz FettmilchPogrom
Francfort · Allemagne
houses forced, community driven from the city
Toll 2
1615
Expulsion of the community in the wake of the Fettmilch riots, before restoration by the EmperorExpulsion
Worms · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1625
Persecution of Muhammad ibn Farrukh, governor of the cityPersecution
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
the community ransomed, its leaders imprisoned, part of the inhabitants fleeing
Toll toll not established
1627
Institution of the Ferrara ghetto after the duchy's attachment to the Papal States: the community confinedPersecution
Ferrare · Italie
Toll toll not established
28 juillet 1630
Expulsion of the community during the sack of the city by imperial troopsExpulsion
Mantoue · Italie
1,800 Jews driven out, the ghetto looted
Toll 1 800 expulsés
1632
Auto-da-fé of the "Cristo de la Paciencia"Trials and executions
Madrid · Espagne
Judaizers condemned to the stake, the house where the cult would have been desecrated razed and a convent built in its place
Toll 7
23 janv. 1639
Great auto-da-fé of LimaTrials and executions
Lima · Pérou
judaizers condemned, including Francisco Maldonado da Silva, burned alive
Toll 11
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Ostrog · Ukraine
the community flees then the town is taken
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Bila Tserkva · Ukraine
the community annihilated in one of the places from which the uprising departs
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Bohouslav · Ukraine
the community destroyed as the insurgents passed through
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Yampil · Ukraine
the community massacred after the town's capture
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Kremenets · Ukraine
the massacred community
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Sharhorod · Ukraine
the community destroyed during the Podolia campaign
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Volodymyr-Volynskyï · Ukraine
the Volhynian community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Ladyzhyn · Ukraine
the city taken after a siege, the community and refugees massacred
Toll milliers selon les chroniques
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Vinnytsia · Ukraine
the community of Podolia destroyed
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Pohrebyshche · Ukraine
the community destroyed during the passage of the Cossacks in Western Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Konstantynów · Pologne
the community destroyed
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Medjybij · Ukraine
the community of the fortified town destroyed
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Starodoub · Russie
the community destroyed during the uprising in Severity
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Pereïaslav · Ukraine
the community destroyed at the beginning of the uprising
Toll inconnu
automne 1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Ternopil · Ukraine
the community destroyed during the Red Ruthenia campaign
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Zhytomyr · Ukraine
the community massacred during the capture of the town
Toll inconnu
1648-1657
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Ukraine, Pologne-Lituanie · Ukraine et Pologne
Nemirov (June 10, 1648, ~6,000), Tulchin (~1,500), Polonnoe (~10,000), Bar, Ostrog, Narol, Konstantynów, Kremenets… then Swedish and Russian invasions: Lublin (1655, 2,000–3,000), Vilna (1655)
Toll 18 000-20 000 selon les estimations modernes (Stampfer), jusqu'à 100 000 dans les chroniques
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Polonnoe · Ukraine
the city taken, the community and refugees massacred
Toll ~10 000 selon les chroniques
automne 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Brody · Ukraine
the community struck during the Red Ruthenia campaign
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Brailiv · Ukraine
the community destroyed along with those of the towns of Podolia
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Berdytchiv · Ukraine
the community destroyed as the insurgents passed through
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Homel · Biélorussie
the Jews of the city ordered to convert then killed by Zolotarenko's Cossacks
Toll milliers
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Nesvizh · Biélorussie
the community attacked, part taking refuge in the Radziwiłł fortress
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Bar · Ukraine
the city taken, the community annihilated
Toll milliers
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Loutsk · Ukraine
the community attacked in Volhynia, survivors fleeing westward
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Ouman · Ukraine
the town taken, the community and refugees from neighboring towns massacred
Toll milliers selon les chroniques
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Tchyhyryn · Ukraine
the community from the town where the uprising begins annihilated in the first weeks
Toll inconnu
1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Tchernihiv · Ukraine
the community destroyed in northern Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Bratslav · Ukraine
the community destroyed in the region that gives its name to the uprising
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Vyshnivets · Ukraine
the community massacred in the domain of the Wiśniowiecki
Toll inconnu
1648
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Narol · Pologne
the city taken and the community massacred
Toll milliers
printemps 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Baturyn · Ukraine
the community destroyed during the Left Bank uprising
Toll inconnu
printemps 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Pryluky · Ukraine
the community destroyed, those who can making their way to the strongholds of the west
Toll inconnu
printemps 1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Pyriatyn · Ukraine
the community on the left bank of the Dniepr destroyed, survivors fleeing westward
Toll inconnu
printemps 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Lokhvytsia · Ukraine
the community destroyed along with those of neighboring towns on the left bank
Toll inconnu
printemps 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Nijyn · Ukraine
the community annihilated along with those of the left bank of the Dnieper
Toll inconnu
printemps 1648
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Loubny · Ukraine
the community destroyed during the left-bank uprising
Toll inconnu
mai 1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Korsoun · Ukraine
the community massacred after the destruction of the Polish army before the city
Toll inconnu
juin 1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Tulchyn · Ukraine
the Polish nobility, besieged with the Jews in the fortress, delivers them to the Cossacks against its own life, then is massacred in turn
Toll ~1 500 selon les chroniques
juin 1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Tulchin · Ukraine
the Jews handed over by the Polish garrison after the surrender of the castle
Toll ~1 500
10 juin 1648
Massacres of KhmelnytskyMassacre
Nemirov · Ukraine
the Cossacks enter the city under Polish banners and massacre the community sheltering in the fortress
Toll ~6 000
octobre 1648
Siege of Lviv by KhmelnytskyMilitary repression
Lviv · Ukraine
the suburbs taken and their inhabitants killed, the city ransomed by a levy to which the community contributes
Toll inconnu
novembre 1648
Siege of Zamość by KhmelnytskyMilitary repression
Zamość · Pologne
the place resists, a ransom is paid and the army withdraws
Toll toll not established
1649
Khmelnytsky massacresMassacre
Ostropol · Ukraine
the community massacred, the kabbalist Samson of Ostropol killed with his companions in the synagogue
Toll centaines
1649
Siege of ZbarajMilitary repression
Zbaraj · Ukraine
the Jews confined in the stronghold with the defenders, hunger and disease claiming some of them
Toll inconnu
1649
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Zasław · Ukraine
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
11 avril 1649
Grand auto-da-fé of MexicoTrials and executions
Mexico · Mexique
judaizers condemned by the Inquisition of New Spain
Toll 13
1650
Khmelnytsky MassacresMassacre
Pinsk · Biélorussie
the community destroyed when the city was taken
Toll inconnu
1651
Khmelnytsky WarsMilitary repression
Kamianets-Podilskyï · Ukraine
the Jews driven from the city, access subsequently forbidden to them
Toll toll not established
1654
Taking of Polotsk by the Russian armyMilitary repression
Polotsk · Biélorussie
the Jews led to the Dvina and drowned
Toll inconnu
1654
Portuguese Reconquest of Dutch BrazilMilitary repression
Recife · Brésil
the community must leave the country, part moving to Amsterdam and twenty-three persons to New Amsterdam
Toll toll not established
juillet 1654
Capture of Mstsislaw by the troops of TroubetskoïMilitary repression
Mstsislaw · Biélorussie
the community massacred during the sack of the city
Toll milliers
novembre 1654
Capture of Vitebsk by the Russian armyMilitary repression
Vitebsk · Biélorussie
the community deported into the interior of Russia
Toll toute la communauté
1655
Russo-Polish warMilitary repression
Mohylev · Biélorussie
the Jews of the town led outside the walls and massacred
Toll inconnu
1655
Taking of the City by Muscovite ArmiesMilitary repression
Vilna · Lituanie
the community massacred or scattered, survivors fleeing toward Prussia
Toll milliers
1655
Muscovite and Cossack invasionMilitary repression
Lublin · Pologne
the Jewish quarter pillaged and the community massacred
Toll 2 000 à 3 000
1655
Deluge WarsMilitary repression
Slutsk · Biélorussie
the community attacked by Muscovite and Cossack troops, part of it taking refuge behind the ramparts
Toll inconnu
1656
Atrocities by Czarniecki's troops against communities accused of having made pacts with the SwedesMilitary repression
Cracovie, Poznań, Kalisz · Pologne
Toll inconnu
1656
Forced Conversions of the Jews of Persia under Abbas IIForced conversion
Ispahan · Iran
synagogues closed, communities forced to Islam before a partial return was allowed
Toll toll not established
1656
Exactions of Czarniecki's Polish troops against the community accused of collusion with the SwedesMilitary repression
Kalisz · Pologne
Toll inconnu
avril 1656
Fire in Leszno during the Swedish DelugeMassacre
Leszno · Pologne
the city burned by Polish troops, the community fleeing
Toll toll not established
1657
Capture of the city in the Deluge warsMilitary repression
Brest-Litovsk · Biélorussie
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1660
Cities destroyed by the DruzesMassacre
Tibériade, Safed · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
1660
Auto-da-fé of April 13Trials and executions
Séville · Espagne
judaizers condemned, several delivered to the stake
Toll dizaines
1664
Attack on the mellah during succession troubles in MoroccoMassacre
Tetouan · Maroc
Jewish quarter looted
Toll inconnu
Mai 1664
Pogrom of the Jesuit seminaryPogrom
Lwów · Ukraine
students and the mob attack the Jewish quarter following a trial for ritual murder
Toll >100
1669
Expulsion of the Jews of Oran and Mers el-Kébir by SpainExpulsion
Oran · Algérie
the community is embarked for Livorno
Toll toll not established
1669-1670
Expulsion of Jews from Vienna and Lower Austria by Leopold IExpulsion
Vienne · Autriche
the synagogue becomes the Leopoldskirche church
Toll toll not established
1670
Raphaël Lévy burned for ritual murderTrials and executions
Metz · France
Toll 1
1679-1680
Exile of MawzaExpulsion
Yémen
deportation of all Jews into the desert
Toll ~2/3 des exilés morts
1679
Establishment of the Turin ghetto by Marie-Jeanne-Baptiste of SavoyPersecution
Turin · Italie
the community confined to a closed quarter
Toll toll not established
30 juin 1680
Grand auto-da-fé of the Plaza Mayor before Charles IITrials and executions
Madrid · Espagne
judaizers condemned, about twenty handed over to the stake
Toll ~21
1682
Auto-da-fé of Judaizers before the courtTrials and executions
Madrid · Espagne
condemned to the stake or to the galleys
Toll dizaines
1684
Sack of the Ghetto of PaduaPogrom
Padoue · Italie
the crowd loots houses on a rumor of betrayal during the war against the Turks, the community is saved by the intervention of the authorities
Toll aucun mort
1686
Habsburg siege, massacre of the communityMassacre
Buda · Hongrie
Toll ~la moitié de la communauté
1691
Autos-da-fé against the chuetasTrials and executions
Palma de Majorque · Espagne
thirty-seven condemned, three burned alive including Rafael Valls
Toll 3 brûlés
1691
Auto-da-fés of the Portuguese Inquisition against the New ChristiansTrials and executions
Lisbonne · Portugal
several pyres in the same year
Toll dizaines
1698, 1710
Trial for ritual murder, executionsTrials and executions
Sandomierz · Pologne
Toll toll not established

18th century74

Juillet 1700
Sack of the house of Samuel OppenheimerPogrom
Vienne · Autriche
the crowd plunders the residence of the imperial court supplier, his registers and debts destroyed
Toll inconnu
1702-1704
Accusations of ritual murder during the War of the NorthTrials and executions
Poznań · Pologne
notables imprisoned and tortured, the Jewish quarter plundered by passing troops
Toll inconnu
1712
Second ritual murder accusationTrials and executions
Sandomierz · Pologne
the community expelled from the town and the synagogue turned over to Catholic worship
Toll toll not established
1720
Expulsion of the Ashkenazi communityExpulsion
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
the synagogue set afire by creditors and families driven from the city; the ruins would remain known as the «Hurva»
Toll toll not established
1720-1730
Inquisition campaign against New ChristiansTrials and executions
Portugal (Bragance, Porto, Coimbra) · Portugal
chain denunciations in Trás-os-Montes, entire families arrested, property confiscated
Toll inconnu
1726
Familiant laws of Charles VIPersecution
Bohême et Moravie · Tchéquie
the number of Jewish families capped, exclusion of younger sons from the right to establish a household
Toll toll not established
1727
Implementation of Catherine I's ukaseMassacre
Ukraine
communities driven from Little Russia, merchandise and currency seized at the border crossing
Toll milliers d'expulsés
26 avril 1727
Ukase of Catherine IExpulsion
Empire russe, Ukraine · Empire russe
expulsion of all Jews from Russia and Little Russia, goods and currency detained at the border crossing
Toll toll not established
1728
Execution of the Reizes brothersTrials and executions
Lwów · Ukraine
Hayim and Joshua Reizes, accused of having brought back a convert to Judaism, tortured then put to death
Toll 2
1731
Confiscation of Hebrew booksPersecution
États pontificaux · Italie
edict of the Holy Office, the libraries of communities searched and works seized then destroyed, persecution renewed at each pontificate
Toll toll not established
1734
First raid of the HaidamaksMilitary repression
Ouman · Ukraine
the town taken, the Jewish quarter looted and Jews massacred
Toll centaines
1734
Raid of the HaidamaksMilitary repression
Berdychiv · Ukraine
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1734, 1750
Raids by the Haydamaks (Uman, Vinnytsia, Berdychiv…)Military repression
Ukraine de la rive droite · Ukraine
Toll centaines
1734
Raid by the HaïdamaksMilitary repression
Vinnytsia · Ukraine
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1736-1740
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Poznań · Pologne
notables imprisoned and tortured, the community burdened with a debt it would take decades to discharge
Toll toll not established
4 février 1738
Execution of Joseph Süss OppenheimerTrials and executions
Stuttgart · Allemagne
hanged, his body exposed in an iron cage; the Jews are then expelled from Württemberg
Toll 1
15 juillet 1738
Execution of Borokh Leibov and Alexandre VoznitsyneTrials and executions
Saint-Pétersbourg · Empire russe
the Jewish merchant and the converted officer burned alive for apostasy
Toll 2
1739
Expulsion of the Jews from the duchy following the execution of Joseph Süss OppenheimerExpulsion
Wurtemberg · Allemagne
the privilege of residence is revoked
Toll toll not established
18 octobre 1739
Auto-da-fé of António José da SilvaTrials and executions
Lisbonne · Portugal
the playwright "O Judeu" strangled and then burned for Judaism
Toll 1
2 décembre 1742
Ukase of Elizabeth IExpulsion
Empire russe
expulsion of all Jews from the Empire, reiterated until 1753
Toll ~35 000 expulsés
1743
Plunder of the Jewish quarter by French and Bavarian troops upon the city's departure, on the eve of the expulsion decreeExpulsion
Prague · Tchéquie
Toll inconnu
1744
Frederick II reduces the community to twelve familiesExpulsion
Breslau · Pologne
expulsion of other Jews from Silesia, the tolerated subjected to annual ransom
Toll inconnu
1744-1745
Expulsion ordered by Marie-Thérèse (decree of December 18, 1744)Expulsion
Prague, Bohême, Moravie · Tchéquie
the community leaves Prague in the depths of winter, before the revocation obtained by European powers
Toll >10 000 expulsés
1745
Expulsion pronounced by Maria TheresaExpulsion
Moravie · Tchéquie
Moravian communities driven out before revocation obtained through the intercession of the powers
Toll milliers d'expulsés
1746-1747
Revocation of the recall edictExpulsion
Royaume de Naples · Italie
expulsion pronounced again under pressure from the clergy, six years after Charles de Bourbon's recall
Toll inconnu
1747
Trial for ritual murder, executionsTrials and executions
Zaslav · Ukraine
Toll toll not established
1748
Tolerance TaxPersecution
Bohême · Tchéquie
Marie-Thérèse authorizes return in exchange for a crushing annual tax, fiscal persecution renewed every ten years
Toll toll not established
1750
Second Great Raid of the HaydamaksMilitary repression
Ukraine de la rive droite · Ukraine
Jewish towns and quarters plundered from Podolia to Volhynia
Toll centaines
17 avril 1750
Legal PersecutionPersecution
Prusse · Allemagne
Frederick II's General Regulation divides Jewish families into classes, limits the right of residence to one child per household, and restricts trades and marriages
Toll toll not established
1753
Repeal of the Jew BillPersecution
Angleterre · Royaume-Uni
the naturalization law withdrawn after a campaign of streets and pamphlets, exclusion maintained for more than a century
Toll toll not established
1753
Reiteration of the expulsion edict of Elisabeth I, despite the Senate's objections over commercial lossExpulsion
Empire russe
Toll milliers d'expulsés
1753
Trial for ritual murder, 11 executedTrials and executions
Jytomyr · Ukraine
Toll 11
1756
Accusation of ritual murder brought by the FrankistsTrials and executions
Jampol · Ukraine
notables imprisoned, trial that prepares the Disputation of Kamieniec
Toll toll not established
1757
Auto-da-fé of the Talmud after the Frankist disputationTrials and executions
Kamieniec Podolski · Ukraine
ordered by bishop Dembowski, up to a thousand copies burned
Toll toll not established
1759
Disputation of LwówTrials and executions
Lwów · Ukraine
rabbis summoned to answer the Frankists before the archbishop, under threat of a new ritual murder accusation
Toll toll not established
1759
Auto-da-fé of the Talmud renewed after the Lwów disputationTrials and executions
Kamieniec Podolski · Ukraine
copies seized from synagogues and burned
Toll toll not established
1761
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Wojsławice · Pologne
the community denounced by Frankists, several Jews tortured and executed
Toll inconnu
1762
Manifesto of Catherine IIPersecution
Empire russe
the appeal to foreign colonists from all countries carries the named exclusion of Jews
Toll toll not established
1764
Abolition of the Council of the Four LandsPersecution
Pologne
Jewish autonomy suppressed by the Diet, poll tax henceforth levied head by head, direct fiscal persecution
Toll toll not established
1768
Massacre of the KoliivchtchynaMassacre
Balta · Ukraine
the city taken by the Haydamaks, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
KoliivshchynaMassacre
Lissianka, Fastiv · Ukraine
hamlets seized by the bands of Zalizniak, Jewish communities massacred alongside the Poles
Toll milliers
1768
KoliivshchynaMassacre
Tetiïv · Ukraine
Jews and Poles taking refuge in the church massacred
Toll milliers
1768-1772
Atrocities of the Bar ConfederationPersecution
Podolie, Volhynie · Ukraine
confederates extort, plunder and kill in the communities of southeastern Poland
Toll inconnu
1768
Massacre of the KoliivshchynaMassacre
Bohouslav · Ukraine
the city taken by the Haidamaks, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
Massacre of the KoliivshchynaMassacre
Jabotyn · Ukraine
the city taken by the Haidamaks, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
Massacre of the KoliivchtchynaMassacre
Kaniv · Ukraine
the town taken by the haidamakas, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
Massacre of the KoliivchtchynaMassacre
Korsoun · Ukraine
the city taken by the haidamaques, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
Koliivshchyna (Gonta and Zalizniak)Massacre
Ouman · Ukraine
massacre of Jews and Polish refugees
Toll plusieurs milliers (jusqu'à 20 000 selon la tradition)
1768
Massacre of the KoliivshchynaMassacre
Smila · Ukraine
the city taken by the haidamaks, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1768
Massacre of the KoliivchtchynaMassacre
Tcherkassy · Ukraine
the town seized by the Haidamaks, the Jewish quarter destroyed
Toll inconnu
1770
Application of the papal edictPersecution
Rome · Italie
forced sermons imposed on the Jews of the ghetto, mandatory attendance under penalty of fine
Toll toll not established
1775
False accusation of murderMassacre
Hébron · Terre d'Israël
the community struck by collective ransom, a memory preserved under the name of 'Purim of Hebron'
Toll toll not established
5 avril 1775
Edict of Pius VI on the JewsPersecution
Rome · Italie
forty-four articles restoring the prohibitions of the ghetto, forced sermons and prohibition of gravestones
Toll toll not established
1777-1779
Affair of the false receiptsTrials and executions
Alsace · France
forged receipts manufactured against Jewish creditors, riots and trials in the countryside
Toll inconnu
1784
Letters patent of Louis XVIExpulsion
Alsace · France
expulsion of Jews without a letter of tolerance, marriage subject to royal authorization
Toll inconnu
Juill.-août 1789
Great Fear riotsPogrom
Alsace · France
Jewish houses plundered in Hegenheim, Durmenach and in the Sundgau, a thousand Jews flee to Basel
Toll toll not established
1790-1792
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Maroc
mellahs of Tétouan, Fès, Meknès, Marrakech, Rabat, Mogador plundered
Toll centaines
1790
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Marrakech · Maroc
the mellah looted, the notables tortured
Toll inconnu
1790
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Meknès · Maroc
the mellah looted
Toll inconnu
1790
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Tétouan · Maroc
the mellah looted and Jews killed when the city was taken
Toll centaines
1790
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Fès · Maroc
the mellah pillaged, the community subjected to ransom and temporarily expelled from its quarter
Toll inconnu
1791
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Mogador · Maroc
the mellah plundered
Toll inconnu
1791
Reign of Moulay YazidMassacre
Rabat · Maroc
the mellah plundered
Toll inconnu
23 déc. 1791
Legal persecutionPersecution
Empire russe
Catherine II's ukase establishes the Pale of Settlement and restricts Jewish residence to the annexed provinces of Poland and the South
Toll toll not established
1793
Occupation of Ali BurghulMilitary repression
Tripoli · Libye
the community ransomed, notables executed and property confiscated
Toll inconnu
1793-1794
Closure of synagogues during the TerrorPersecution
France
worship forbidden, ritual objects confiscated, notables imprisoned, persecution extended to all faiths
Toll inconnu
1793-1795
Occupation of Ali Burghul, persecutions ('Purim Burghul')Military repression
Tripoli · Libye
Toll toll not established
1794
Double capitationPersecution
Empire russe
a decree by Catherine II imposed on Jews a tax double that of Christians, fiscal persecution compounding residential restriction
Toll toll not established
4 novembre 1794
Massacre of PragaMassacre
Varsovie (Praga) · Pologne
Suvorov's troops massacre the suburb, the Jewish regiment of Berek Joselewicz annihilated
Toll milliers
1797
Veronese PassoverPogrom
Vérone · Italie
the ghetto sacked during the uprising against French occupation
Toll inconnu
1799
"Viva Maria" troubles in TuscanyPogrom
Florence, Livourne · Italie
ghettos given over to pillage at the passage of insurgents and Austrian troops
Toll inconnu
1799
Expulsion of the CommunityExpulsion
Monte San Savino · Italie
driven out during the "Viva Maria" uprising, it will never reconstitute itself
Toll inconnu
1799
Restoration of the ghettoPersecution
Rome · Italie
after the fall of the Roman Republic, Jews who had supported it are persecuted
Toll inconnu
28 juin 1799
"Viva Maria" RiotPogrom
Sienne · Italie
thirteen Jews killed in the ghetto, several thrown on the pyre in the Campo square
Toll 13

19th century111

9 déc. 1804
Statute of Alexander IExpulsion
Empire russe
expulsion of Jews from villages and country inns, prohibition of tax farming and alcohol trade
Toll toll not established
1805
Assassination of Naphtali Busnach, pogromPogrom
Alger · Algérie
Toll dizaines à centaines
1808
Legal persecutionPersecution
Maroc
Moulay Slimane orders the transfer of Jews from Rabat, Salé, Meknès and Tétouan to enclosed mellahs
Toll toll not established
17 mars 1808
Legal persecutionPersecution
France
the so-called « Infamous Decree » of Napoleon suspends debts, subjects commerce to licensing and restricts Jewish residence in the departments of the East
Toll toll not established
1813-1861
Persecution by registryPersecution
Bavière · Allemagne
the edict called Matrikel capped the number of Jewish families authorized per locality, a son being able to marry only upon the death or departure of a registered person
Toll toll not established
1814-1815
Restoration of the ghetto after the fall of the EmpirePersecution
Rome (États pontificaux) · Italie
Pius VII restores night confinement, the wearing of a distinctive badge and the prohibition of owning land
Toll toll not established
1815
New riotPogrom
Alger · Algérie
Toll toll not established
1815-1816
Persecution reinstated after the Congress of ViennaPersecution
Francfort · Allemagne
the city annulled the civil rights purchased in 1811, reinstated the marriage quota and confinement to the Judengasse
Toll toll not established
1819
« Hep-Hep » riotsPogrom
Wurtzbourg, Francfort, Hambourg, Copenhague… · Allemagne et Danemark
Toll quelques morts
août 1819
« Hep-Hep » RiotsPogrom
Francfort · Allemagne
the Judengasse attacked, shops looted
Toll inconnu
août 1819
"Hep-Hep" RiotsPogrom
Karlsruhe · Allemagne
Jewish homes attacked in the Grand Duchy of Baden
Toll inconnu
août 1819
Hep-Hep riotsPogrom
Hambourg · Allemagne
Jewish houses forced, several days of rioting before military intervention
Toll inconnu
août 1819
Hep-Hep RiotsPogrom
Heidelberg · Allemagne
the Jewry attacked, university students dispersing the crowd
Toll inconnu
2 août 1819
Beginning of the 'Hep-Hep' riotsPogrom
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
Jewish houses and shops sacked, the community evacuated beyond the walls by troops
Toll 2
septembre 1819
Hep-Hep RiotsPogrom
Copenhague · Danemark
the wave reaches Denmark, Jewish shops ransacked for several nights
Toll inconnu
1821
Greek War of IndependenceMilitary repression
Tripolitsa, Péloponnèse · Grèce
Jewish community of Tripolitsa annihilated
Toll plusieurs milliers selon certaines sources
1821
Pogrom by Greeks after the death of Patriarch Gregory VPogrom
Odessa · Ukraine
Toll ~17
1823-1825
Expulsion of Jews from the villages of the provinces of Mogilev and Vitebsk, ordered by Alexander IExpulsion
Biélorussie
Toll toll not established
1823-1835
Accusation of ritual murder following the disappearance of child Fedor EmelianovTrials and executions
Velij · Empire russe
the community imprisoned for twelve years, the synagogue closed, the case dismissed by the Council of State for lack of evidence
Toll inconnu
26 août 1827
Edict of the « cantonists »Persecution
Empire russe
conscription of Jewish boys from the age of twelve for twenty-five years of service, torn from their families; persecution designed to force their baptism
Toll jusqu'à 50 000 enfants sur la période
2 déc. 1827
Expulsion of Jews from the town, ordered by Nicolas IᵉʳExpulsion
Kiev · Ukraine
residents ordered to leave within two years, the town closed to Jewish residence
Toll toll not established
1828
Persecutions of Daoud PachaPersecution
Bagdad · Irak
Toll toll not established
20 nov. 1829
Expulsion of the Jews from the two military ports, ordered by Nicholas IExpulsion
Nikolaïev et Sébastopol · Ukraine
the communities ordered to leave the cities
Toll toll not established
1830
Massacre of the communityMassacre
Tabriz · Iran
Toll inconnu
juillet 1830
Pillages du quartier juifPogrom
Alger · Algérie
la juiverie mise à sac dans les journées qui suivent la prise de la ville par le corps expéditionnaire français, avant le rétablissement de l'ordre
Toll inconnu
1834
Plunder during 33 days of peasant revoltPogrom
Safed · Terre d'Israël
Toll dizaines
1834
Execution of Sol Hachuel, seventeen-year-old girl accused of apostasyTrials and executions
Fès · Maroc
tried then beheaded by order of the sultan for refusing to declare herself Muslim
Toll 1
1834
Sack of the city by the troops of Ibrahim PashaPogrom
Hébron · Terre d'Israël
Toll ~12
13 avril 1835
Legal PersecutionPersecution
Empire russe
the statute of Nicholas I codifies the Pale of Settlement, forbids Jews from residing outside its limits, and restricts their professions
Toll toll not established
1838
Druze attackMassacre
Safed · Terre d'Israël
Toll toll not established
1839
« Allahdad »: massacre and forced conversion (the Jadid al-Islam)Forced conversion
Mashhad · Iran
Toll 30-40
1840
Ritual murder accusations, tortureTrials and executions
Damas, Rhodes · Syrie et Rhodes
Toll quelques morts
1840
Damascus AffairTrials and executions
Damas · Syrie
after the disappearance of Father Thomas, thirteen Jewish notables arrested and tortured, children taken as hostages; the community saved by the mission of Montefiore and Crémieux
Toll 4 morts sous la torture
1840
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Rhodes · Grèce
the Jewish quarter locked down by the governor, notables tortured, before the intervention of consuls and the sultan
Toll toll not established
20 avril 1843
Expulsion from the border zoneExpulsion
Empire russe
Jews expelled from a zone of fifty versts along the borders of Prussia and Austria
Toll toll not established
1844
Legal persecutionPersecution
Empire russe
abolition of the kahal, state control of Jewish education and a tax on sabbath candles
Toll toll not established
1847-1858
Exclusion from ParliamentPersecution
Londres · Royaume-Uni
Lionel de Rothschild, elected five times by the City of London, cannot take his seat, parliamentary oath requiring the formula 'on the true faith of a Christian'
Toll toll not established
1847
Accusation of ritual murder, violenceTrials and executions
Deir el-Qamar · Liban
Toll toll not established
1848
Anti-Jewish riots during revolutionsPogrom
Presbourg, Prague, Pest · Slovaquie, Tchéquie, Hongrie
Toll dizaines
Févr.-mars 1848
Riots of the « Judenrumpel »Pogrom
Durmenach, Sundgau · France
Jewish houses looted and families driven toward Switzerland during the troubles of 1848
Toll toll not established
juillet 1849
Restoration of the ghetto after the fall of the Roman RepublicPersecution
Rome (États pontificaux) · Italie
the rights granted in 1848 abolished, the confinement and professional bans restored
Toll toll not established
1ᵉʳ mai 1850
Dress persecutionPersecution
Empire russe
an ukase prohibits the caftan and the sidelocks, under penalty of fine then forced cutting of hair by the police
Toll toll not established
1851
Forced conscription of the 'unfit'Persecution
Empire russe
the razbor classifies Jews into categories and delivers to military service those who are neither merchants nor licensed craftsmen
Toll toll not established
1853
Trial for ritual murderTrials and executions
Saratov · Empire russe
two Jews condemned to hard labor after an investigation conducted by order of Nicholas I
Toll toll not established
1853
New accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Damas · Syrie
notables arrested before consular intervention
Toll toll not established
1856-1889
Legal exclusion of the Jews, driven from the countryside and forbidden from commerce outside the capital, despite the article of the Berlin treaty that prohibited itPersecution
Serbie (Belgrade) · Serbie
Toll toll not established
23 juin 1858
Mortara affairTrials and executions
Bologne · Italie
the child Edgardo, secretly baptized by a servant, is taken from his family by the papal police
Toll toll not established
1859
PogromPogrom
Odessa · Ukraine
Toll toll not established
1860
Plunder of the mellah during the Spanish–Moroccan WarPogrom
Tétouan · Maroc
Toll dizaines
1860
Inter-communal MassacresMassacre
Damas · Syrie
the Jewish quarter looted in the wake of massacres of Christians
Toll inconnu
1862
Marche d'Abba MahariPersecution
Éthiopie (Gondar, Tigré) · Éthiopie
des milliers de Beta Israël quittent leurs villages vers Jérusalem après des années de pressions missionnaires et de conversions forcées ; la plupart meurent de faim et de maladie en chemin
Toll plusieurs milliers
17 décembre 1862
Expulsion of Jews from the military department of TennesseeExpulsion
Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky · États-Unis
« General Order No. 11 » by General Grant, revoked by Lincoln on January 4, 1863
Toll toll not established
1863
Affair of SafiTrials and executions
Safi, Tanger · Maroc
two Jews executed on charges of poisoning, Moses Montefiore obtains from the sultan an edict of protection
Toll 2
1864
Forced conversion of Giuseppe Coen, a thirteen-year-old apprentice kidnapped and baptized at the House of Catechumens, rendered untraceable to his familyForced conversion
Rome (États pontificaux) · Italie
Toll toll not established
10 juillet 1864
Exclusion from land ownershipPersecution
Empire russe
prohibition imposed on Jews to acquire land in the western provinces, in the aftermath of the Polish insurrection
Toll toll not established
1866
RiotPogrom
Bucarest · Roumanie
the choral synagogue ransacked during debates on citizenship
Toll toll not established
1866
MassacreMassacre
Barfurush (Babol) · Iran
Toll 18
1867
Pogrom of BarforushPogrom
Barforush (Perse) · Iran
the community attacked after an accusation made from the pulpit, houses looted and synagogue desecrated
Toll inconnu
1867-1868
Expulsions of Jews called 'vagrants'Expulsion
Roumanie, Galați · Roumanie
families turned back on the Danube, several drowned
Toll inconnu
1871
PogromPogrom
Odessa · Ukraine
Toll 6
1872
Pogrom in BessarabiaPogrom
Ismaïl · Moldavie
Jewish quarter plundered and houses destroyed
Toll inconnu
1877-1878
Russo-Turkish WarMilitary repression
Bulgarie (Kazanlak, Stara Zagora) · Bulgarie
Jewish communities, held to be favorable to the Ottomans, flee or are driven before the advance of troops, their quarters pillaged
Toll inconnu
juin 1877
Exclusion from the Grand Union HotelPersecution
Saratoga Springs · États-Unis
the banker Joseph Seligman is denied entry to the establishment on the grounds that he is Jewish, and the ban is extended to all Jewish clientele
Toll toll not established
1879
Legal persecutionPersecution
Roumanie
the revision of article 7 of the Constitution subjects naturalization to a vote of Parliament case by case, leaving Jews stateless in their own country
Toll toll not established
1881-1884
First wave of pogroms in the Russian EmpirePogrom
Empire russe
Elisavetgrad (Apr. 15, 1881), Kiev (Apr. 26), Odessa, Pereïaslav, Balta (1882, ~40), Warsaw (Dec. 1881), Ekaterinoslav, Rostov (1883), Nizhny Novgorod (1884)
Toll ~250 pogroms, quelques dizaines de morts
18 févr. 1881
Synagogue fire followed by antisemitic riots in PomeraniaPogrom
Neustettin · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
15 avril 1881
Starting point of the first wave of pogromsPogrom
Elisavetgrad · Ukraine
Jewish quarter pillaged for three days, houses and shops destroyed
Toll inconnu
26-27 avril 1881
PogromPogrom
Kiev · Ukraine
Podol and the suburbs looted, houses and synagogues attacked, police intervening late
Toll inconnu
3-5 mai 1881
PogromPogrom
Odessa · Ukraine
Jewish shops and homes plundered for three days
Toll inconnu
juillet 1881
PogromPogrom
Borispol · Ukraine
the community attacked, property plundered
Toll inconnu
juillet 1881
PogromPogrom
Smela · Ukraine
Jewish houses and shops destroyed during the fair
Toll inconnu
juillet 1881
PogromPogrom
Pereïaslav · Ukraine
Jewish quarter sacked, the community ruined
Toll inconnu
25-27 décembre 1881
Christmas pogromPogrom
Varsovie · Pologne
the panic in the church of the Holy Cross serves as pretext for three days of riots, a thousand Jewish houses and shops looted
Toll 2
1882
Accusation of ritual murder following the disappearance of Eszter SolymosiTrials and executions
Tiszaeszlár · Hongrie
fifteen Jews accused, all acquitted in August 1883; anti-Jewish riots throughout Hungary
Toll toll not established
29 mars 1882
Easter pogromPogrom
Balta · Ukraine
the Jewish quarter ravaged, women raped, the troops only intervening on the second day
Toll ~40
3 mai 1882
Legal persecutionPersecution
Empire russe
the 'Provisional Regulations' prohibit Jews from settling outside towns and boroughs of the Pale of Settlement
Toll toll not established
mai 1883
PogromPogrom
Ekaterinoslav · Ukraine
Jewish houses and shops looted
Toll inconnu
mai 1883
PogromPogrom
Rostov-sur-le-Don · Russie
Jewish quarter attacked, shops destroyed
Toll inconnu
août-sept. 1883
Riots of the Tiszaeszlár trialPogrom
Hongrie
after the acquittal of the accused, pogrom in several dozen localities, army sent to Presbourg and martial law proclaimed
Toll inconnu
1884
Persecutions by the caidPersecution
Demnat · Maroc
the mellah community ransomed, notables imprisoned, case brought before the sultan by the Alliance Israélite Universelle
Toll inconnu
Juin 1884
Pogrom of the Kanavino suburbPogrom
Nijni-Novgorod · Empire russe
Jewish families attacked, several killed
Toll ~9
1887
Legal persecutionPersecution
Empire russe
numerus clausus imposed in high schools and universities, 10% of places in the Pale of Settlement and 3% in Saint Petersburg
Toll toll not established
1889
Exclusion from the barPersecution
Empire russe
admission of Jews as lawyers is subject to authorization from the Minister of Justice, who grants none for sixteen years
Toll toll not established
12 juin 1890
Exclusion from the zemstvosPersecution
Empire russe
the reform of provincial assemblies strips Jews of the right to sit and vote in them
Toll toll not established
1891
Expulsion from MoscowExpulsion
Moscou · Russie
ordered by the grand duke Serge, from the first day of Passover
Toll ~20 000 expulsés
1891-1892
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Xanten · Allemagne
butcher Adolf Buschhoff accused then acquitted in July 1892; riots in the city
Toll toll not established
1891
Ritual murder accusation in the wake of CorfuTrials and executions
Zante · Grèce
the Jewish quarter attacked, the community fleeing the island
Toll inconnu
1891
Accusation of ritual murder, riotsPogrom
Corfou · Grèce
Toll quelques morts
11 juin 1892
Exclusion from municipal councilsPersecution
Empire russe
urban reform strips Jews of the right to municipal vote, councillors henceforth appointed by the governor in a capped proportion
Toll toll not established
30 septembre 1892
Persecutions by mullah AbdullahPersecution
Hamadan · Iran
conversion or distinctive sign imposed on the community, attacks on the eve of Yom Kippur
Toll inconnu
1893
Exclusion from public schoolsPersecution
Roumanie
Jewish children, deemed foreign, are admitted only after others and for a fee, free admission being denied to them
Toll toll not established
1893
Expulsion of the community, the city being removed from the residence zoneExpulsion
Yalta · Empire russe
Families ordered to leave, with a few first-guild merchants excepted
Toll toll not established
1894-1906
Dreyfus AffairTrials and executions
Paris · France
Captain Alfred Dreyfus convicted of treason and publicly degraded (5 Jan. 1895), deported to Devil's Island, rehabilitated in 1906
Toll toll not established
1894-1902
Exclusion from the spirits tradePersecution
Empire russe
the establishment of the State monopoly on alcohol deprives tens of thousands of families in the Pale of Settlement of their livelihood
Toll toll not established
1897
Anti-Jewish RiotsPogrom
Shiraz · Iran
the quarter attacked, the community forced to ransom itself
Toll inconnu
29 nov.-2 déc. 1897
December riots following the fall of the Badeni ordinancesPogrom
Prague · Tchéquie
Jewish shops and synagogues ransacked, state of siege declared
Toll toll not established
1898
Anti-Jewish Riots of the Dreyfus AffairPogrom
Constantine · Algérie
Jewish shops and homes plundered
Toll inconnu
1898
Anti-Jewish riots of the Dreyfus affairPogrom
Alger · Algérie
shops looted, synagogues attacked, several days of rioting led by Max Régis
Toll quelques morts
1898
Anti-Jewish riots in metropolitan France during the Dreyfus affairPogrom
Nantes, Bordeaux, Marseille, Rennes · France
Jewish shops ransacked and demonstrations in about sixty cities
Toll toll not established
1898
Anti-Jewish riots of the Dreyfus affairPogrom
Oran · Algérie
Jewish quarter attacked, shops looted
Toll inconnu
1898
Riots of the Dreyfus affairPogrom
Alger, Oran, Constantine ; villes de France · Algérie et France
Toll quelques morts
26-29 mars 1898
Looting of the hara for four daysPogrom
Tunis · Tunisie
Toll inconnu
Juin 1898
Peasant riotsPogrom
Galicie occidentale · Pologne
Jewish shops and houses looted in about thirty districts, state of siege proclaimed by Vienna
Toll quelques morts
1899
PogromPogrom
Nikolaïev · Ukraine
Toll toll not established
1899-1900
Exclusion from tradesPersecution
Roumanie
a law reserves crafts and professions to citizens, pushing thousands of Jews onto the roads, the fusgeyers leaving on foot toward embarkation ports
Toll toll not established
1899
Hilsner AffairTrials and executions
Polná · Tchéquie
Leopold Hilsner convicted of the murder of Anežka Hrůzová; antisemitic campaign in Bohemia, Masaryk publicly contests the accusation of ritual murder
Toll toll not established
1899
Easter PogromPogrom
Nikolaïev · Ukraine
the Jewish quarter ransacked for two days
Toll inconnu
1900
Riots following the accusation of ritual murder after the discovery of Ernst Winter's body: synagogue burned, troops sent to the cityPogrom
Konitz · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1900
Riots following a ritual murder accusationPogrom
Konitz · Allemagne
Toll toll not established
1900
Accusation of ritual murderTrials and executions
Vilna · Lituanie
riots in the city following the arrest of Blondes, acquitted on appeal
Toll inconnu
30 juillet 1902
Émeute aux funérailles du grand rabbin Jacob JosephPogrom
New York · États-Unis
le cortège attaqué depuis une usine du Lower East Side, puis chargé par la police ; l'enquête municipale conclut à la faute des policiers
Toll ~200 blessés

1900–1939276

11 août 1902
Pogrom triggered by a rumor at the marketPogrom
Częstochowa · Pologne
Jewish quarter looted, troops fire on the crowd
Toll quelques morts
1903
Attacks on the mellahs during the Bou Hmara revoltMilitary repression
Taza, Settat (Maroc) · Maroc
Toll dizaines
1903
PogromPogrom
Gomel · Biélorussie
Toll ~10
févr. 1903
Accusation of ritual murder following the discovery of a child's bodyTrials and executions
Dubossary · Moldavie
the Kishinev press attributes it to the Jews, autopsy establishes a family crime, and the press campaign prepares the Kishinev pogrom of April
Toll inconnu
19-20 avril 1903
Kishinev pogromPogrom
Kichinev · Moldavie
Foundational pogrom of the modern era.
Toll 49
1904
PogromsPogrom
Smela, Rovno, Alexandria, Mohilev · Ukraine et Biélorussie
Toll dizaines
1905-1906
Second wave of pogroms in the Russian EmpirePogrom
Empire russe
Following the October Manifesto: Odessa (October 18–22, 1905, 400–800), Yekaterinoslav (~95), Kiev, Kishinev, Rostov, Simferopol, Tomsk, Minsk, Orsha, Vitebsk…; Białystok (June 1906, ~80), Siedlce (September 1906, ~26).
Toll ~650-690 pogroms, ~3 000 morts
avril 1905
PogromPogrom
Jytomyr · Ukraine
Toll ~20
octobre 1905
Second Pogrom of Kishinev, two years after that of 1903Pogrom
Kichinev · Moldavie
the Jewish quarter sacked again
Toll ~19
octobre 1905
October Manifesto PogromPogrom
Kiev · Ukraine
Jewish houses and shops pillaged for several days
Toll ~100
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Loubny · Ukraine
Jewish self-defense, organized with the city's revolutionaries, holds the quarter for several hours before yielding
Toll dizaines
octobre 1905
Pogrom of the October ManifestoPogrom
Minsk · Biélorussie
the crowd gathered in the station square machine-gunned by troops
Toll ~100
oct. 1905
October pogromsPogrom
Poltava · Ukraine
the crowd attacks Jewish businesses in the center, armed self-defense holds several streets before being disarmed
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom on the Volga, outside the Pale of SettlementPogrom
Saratov · Empire russe
the rare Jewish families of the city attacked along with students and doctors
Toll inconnu
octobre 1905
Pogrom of the October ManifestoPogrom
Tomsk · Russie
the theater building set on fire on the protesters who had taken refuge there
Toll ~70
oct. 1905
October pogrom on the DnieperPogrom
Alexandrovsk · Ukraine
Jewish quarters sacked, workshops and warehouses burned, self-defense dispersed by Cossacks
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom in PodoliaPogrom
Kamenets-Podolski · Ukraine
the old Jewish town plundered, its craftsmen ruined and its schools closed for the winter
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Kremenchoug · Ukraine
two days of looting in the lower town, self-defense groups repelled by troops sent to disarm them
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Akkerman · Ukraine
the Jewish quarters of the lower town ransacked, some inhabitants spending the night outside the walls
Toll inconnu
octobre 1905
Pogrom of the October ManifestoPogrom
Ekaterinoslav · Ukraine
Jewish quarter attacked, Jewish self-defense overwhelmed
Toll ~95
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Ouman · Ukraine
the city where people come to pray at the tomb of the rabbi of Bratslav sees its Jewish quarters sacked for two days
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogromPogrom
Nijyn · Ukraine
two days of rioting, Jewish shops destroyed and inhabitants hidden in cellars
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Mélitopol · Ukraine
the town handed over to the mob for two days, Jewish houses emptied and their occupants beaten in the street
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom in the portPogrom
Nikolaïev · Ukraine
crowds roam the Jewish streets, shops are emptied and the wounded fill the hospital
Toll dizaines
octobre 1905
Pogrom of the October ManifestoPogrom
Orcha · Biélorussie
Jewish quarter ransacked
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October pogrom in the mining basinPogrom
Youzovka · Ukraine
factory workers lead the riot, Jewish homes are destroyed and their inhabitants driven out
Toll dizaines
octobre 1905
October Manifesto PogromPogrom
Rostov-sur-le-Don · Russie
Jewish quarter attacked
Toll ~150
oct. 1905
October pogrom on the railway linePogrom
Konotop · Ukraine
railway workers lead the plundering of the city's Jewish homes
Toll inconnu
octobre 1905
October Manifesto Pogrom in CrimeaPogrom
Simferopol · Ukraine
Jewish houses and shops looted
Toll ~50
oct. 1905
Pogrom of October in CrimeaPogrom
Théodosie · Ukraine
riot in the port, Jewish shops and warehouses destroyed, families hidden with neighbors
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
Pogrom of October in CrimeaPogrom
Kertch · Ukraine
the troops fire on a demonstration then allow the looting of Jewish streets, the defenders counting their first dead
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogromPogrom
Pavlograd · Ukraine
merchant streets looted, Jewish families taking refuge at the station and in the suburbs
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Tchernigov · Ukraine
the Jewish streets traversed for three days, the houses emptied and the wounded cared for in the courtyards
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom on the DnieperPogrom
Tcherkassy · Ukraine
Jewish shops and houses plundered, the community aided by Kiev committees
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogromPogrom
Romny · Ukraine
the sacked Jewish quarters, the fairs interrupted and the craftsmen deprived of their tools
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Bila Tserkva · Ukraine
the Jewish streets delivered to the crowd, part of the families taking refuge in neighbouring villages
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October pogrom in BessarabiaPogrom
Kalarash · Moldavie
the hamlet almost entirely Jewish delivered to looting, its houses devastated and its inhabitants fleeing
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom on the DniestrPogrom
Tiraspol · Moldavie
the crowd attacks Jewish shops, self-defense holds a street then yields to the troops
Toll dizaines
octobre 1905
Pogrom of the October ManifestoPogrom
Vitebsk · Biélorussie
Jewish shops and houses looted
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
Pogrom of October in the port of AzovPogrom
Marioupol · Ukraine
the Jewish quarters given over to the crowd, merchandise thrown into the sea and shops burned
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogromPogrom
Kherson · Ukraine
the marketplace stalls ransacked, families driven from their homes and taking refuge in the courtyards of synagogues
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom after the ManifestoPogrom
Elisavetgrad · Ukraine
three days of rioting, Jewish quarters looted house by house, self-defense overwhelmed
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October pogrom in BessarabiaPogrom
Bendery · Moldavie
riot starting from the market, Jewish shops destroyed and artisan quarters looted for two days
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
October Pogrom in the DonbassPogrom
Bakhmout · Ukraine
two days of looting, the community ruined and part of its members departed never to return
Toll inconnu
oct. 1905
October PogromPogrom
Berdytchiv · Ukraine
the most Jewish of Ukrainian towns attacked, its self-defense numerous and seasoned, containing the riot at the cost of its dead
Toll dizaines
oct. 1905
Second Pogrom of GomelPogrom
Gomel · Biélorussie
two years after the first, the city is attacked again, but organized self-defense since then limits the looting
Toll dizaines
18-22 octobre 1905
October Manifesto pogromPogrom
Odessa · Ukraine
the deadliest of the wave, Jewish quarters ransacked for four days with police complicity
Toll 400 à 800
1-3 juin 1906
PogromPogrom
Białystok · Pologne
the Jewish quarter attacked for three days, troops and police taking part; a Duma commission would establish their responsibility
Toll ~80
8-10 septembre 1906
PogromPogrom
Siedlce · Pologne
the city shelled by artillery by the garrison, Jewish houses set on fire and inhabitants shot
Toll ~26
1907
Sack of the city and the mellahPogrom
Casablanca · Maroc
Toll ~30
1910
PogromPogrom
Chiraz · Iran
Toll 12
1911-1913
Beilis AffairTrials and executions
Kiev · Ukraine
Mendel Beilis accused of the ritual murder of Andrei Yushchinsky, imprisoned two years, acquitted on 28 October 1913
Toll toll not established
17-19 avril 1912
The Tritl of FèsPogrom
Fès (« Tritl ») · Maroc
Sacking of the mellah by mutinous troops.
Toll 45-60
1914-1917
Atrocities by the Russian army (Lemberg 1914), mass expulsions, hostage-takingExpulsion
Galicie, Pologne, Lituanie · Pologne, Ukraine, Lituanie
Toll centaines
septembre 1914
Russian occupation of GaliciaMilitary repression
Lemberg · Ukraine
pogrom in the Jewish quarter, hostages taken and community ransomed
Toll inconnu
1915
Mass expulsion ordered by the Russian commandExpulsion
Zone de Résidence · Empire russe
Jews from Courland, Lithuania and Galicia expelled from the army zone, accused of espionage
Toll ~500 000 déplacés
17 août 1915
Trial of Leo FrankTrials and executions
Marietta (Géorgie, États-Unis) · États-Unis
the engineer, sentenced to death in 1913 for a murder whose evidence will be refuted, sees his sentence commuted then is abducted from his prison by a crowd that hangs him from a tree
Toll 1
1918
Pogrom of the first year bandsPogrom
Hloukhiv · Ukraine
the city taken by insurgents, its Jewish inhabitants massacred in the streets
Toll centaine
1918-1921
Pogroms of the Russian Civil WarPogrom
Ukraine, Biélorussie, Russie
Petlioura's troops, atamans Grigoriev, Zeleny, Sokolovsky, Struk, Dénikine's White Army, Polish army, Budyonny's Red Cavalry, Boulak-Balakhovitch. Main: Proskourov (15 Feb. 1919, ~1,500–1,700), Jytomyr (Jan. and Mar. 1919, ~400), Felchtine (Feb. 1919, ~600), Ovroutch, Berdychiv, Balta, Tcherkassy (May 1919, ~700), Elisavetgrad (May 1919, 1,300–3,000), Ekaterinoslav, Trostianets (~400), Ouman (May 1919, ~400), Kremenchoug, Fastov (Sept. 1919, Dénikine, ~1,500), Kiev (Oct. 1919), Slovetchno, Tetiev (Mar. 1920, ~4,000), Mozyr (1920).
Toll 1 200-2 000 pogroms ; 50 000-60 000 morts directs, 100 000-200 000 avec les blessés, famines et épidémies
nov 1918
PogromPogrom
Kielce · Pologne
Toll 4
22-24 nov 1918
Lwów PogromPogrom
Lwów · Ukraine
Pogrom by Polish troops
Toll ~73
1919-1920
Hungarian White TerrorMassacre
Orgovány · Hongrie
Jews and left-wing activists kidnapped and murdered in the woods
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by the Bands of the Civil War in the Former Hasidic CapitalPogrom
Bratslav · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Civil War Pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Olevsk · Ukraine
the marsh town handed over to bands, its Jewish community partly massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in the province of KievPogrom
Makariv · Ukraine
the town attacked, its Jewish houses burned and its inhabitants taking refuge in Kiev
Toll dizaines
1919
« Semana Trágica »: attack on the Jewish quarter of OncePogrom
Buenos Aires · Argentine
Toll morts non dénombrés
1919
Civil War pogrom in PoltavaPogrom
Hadiatch · Ukraine
the old Hasidic community plundered, several of its members killed
Toll dizaines
1919
PogromPogrom
Justingrad (Sokolivka) · Ukraine
la bourgade entièrement détruite par les bandes d'atamans, ses habitants dispersés ; elle ne se relèvera pas
Toll centaines
1919-1921
White TerrorPogrom
Hongrie
detachments of Horthy and Ostenburg, pogroms in Siófok, Tapolca, Tolna, Marcali, Izsák, Orgovány and Kecskemét
Toll ~3 000 morts, dont environ la moitié de Juifs
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in VolhyniaPogrom
Kostopil · Ukraine
the Jewish houses of the town plundered, its inhabitants ransomed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Oboukhiv · Ukraine
the town near the capital attacked, its Jewish inhabitants beaten and robbed
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Broussyliv · Ukraine
the town looted by successive bands, its Jewish artisans ruined
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by troops passing through VolhyniaPogrom
Ostroh · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by passing troops in Volhynian PolesiaPogrom
Sarny · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Civil War Pogrom in ChernihivPogrom
Semenivka · Ukraine
the Jewish borough pillaged by armed gangs
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the Kiev provincePogrom
Roujyn · Ukraine
the Hasidic town attacked, its court dispersed and its Jewish families robbed
Toll dizaines
1919
Successive pogroms by troops taking and retaking the townPogrom
Ekaterinoslav · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the Lower DnieperPogrom
Verkhnodniprovsk · Ukraine
the Jewish houses of the town forced and emptied, its inhabitants beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in ChernihivPogrom
Sosnytsia · Ukraine
the Jewish settlement ransacked, several inhabitants killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by troops passing through VolhyniaPogrom
Doubno · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Volodarka · Ukraine
the town sacked repeatedly, its Jewish inhabitants ransomed then expelled
Toll dizaines
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troopsPogrom
Pryluky · Ukraine
the community ransomed and beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Slavouta · Ukraine
the city of Hebrew printing attacked, its workshops ruined and its community struck
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Teplyk · Ukraine
the bands took the town, killed part of the men and left the community without resources for winter
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by bands during the civil warPogrom
Balta · Ukraine
Jewish quarter sacked
Toll inconnu
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troopsPogrom
Poltava · Ukraine
Jewish shops and houses plundered
Toll dizaines
automne 1919
Pogrom of Denikin's White troops during their advance on KievPogrom
Bila Tserkva · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Nemyriv · Ukraine
the town, another site of the massacre of sixteen forty-eight, attacked by bands and its Jewish houses emptied
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PoltavaPogrom
Pyriatyn · Ukraine
the Jewish town plundered and ransomed by armed gangs
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Dounaïvtsi · Ukraine
The town, half Jewish, plundered and ransomed several times
Toll dizaines
1919
Successive pogroms by troops taking and retaking the cityPogrom
Novohrad-Volynskyi · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war bands on the southern BugPogrom
Ladyjyn · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Jachkiv · Ukraine
the insurgents enter the town, plunder Jewish houses and kill those who resist
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by insurgent bandsPogrom
Jabotyn · Ukraine
the community of the town annihilated
Toll centaines
1919
Civil War pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Chepetivka · Ukraine
railway hub held in turn by several armies, its Jewish population killed and robbed at each passage
Toll centaines
1919
Pogrom by civil war gangsPogrom
Korsoun · Ukraine
Jewish quarter ransacked
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PoltavaPogrom
Myrhorod · Ukraine
the Jews of the city stripped and struck as troops pass through
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War bandsPogrom
Trostianets · Ukraine
the community annihilated
Toll ~400
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in ChernihivPogrom
Novhorod-Siverskyi · Ukraine
the Jews of the city stripped, beaten, several killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PoltavaPogrom
Zenkiv · Ukraine
the Jewish shops of the town emptied and its inhabitants beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in VolhyniaPogrom
Mizoch · Ukraine
the Jewish town pillaged, several of its inhabitants killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil war pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Korosten · Ukraine
railway junction taken and retaken, its Jewish quarters pillaged with each change of master
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Mourafa · Ukraine
Jewish houses in the town forced and emptied, several inhabitants killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Lower Dnieper PogromPogrom
Nikopol · Ukraine
the Jewish quarters of the river city looted as the troops passed
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in EkaterinoslavPogrom
Pavlohrad · Ukraine
Jewish shops and houses looted
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in EkaterinoslavPogrom
Novomoskovsk · Ukraine
the Jewish town sacked, several inhabitants killed
Toll dizaines
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troopsPogrom
Nijyn · Ukraine
Jewish houses forced and looted
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in ChernihivPogrom
Krolevets · Ukraine
Jewish shops and houses forced open and emptied
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war on the lower DnieprPogrom
Oleksandrivsk · Ukraine
the Jews of the city stripped, beaten, several massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Talne · Ukraine
the Hasidic town ransacked, its rabbinical court dispersed and its houses emptied
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom at the railway junctionPogrom
Vapniarka · Ukraine
the Jews of the station and town attacked by troops in transit
Toll dizaines
1919
Successive pogroms during changes of powerPogrom
Kremenchoug · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by bands during the civil war on the RosPogrom
Bohouslav · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by the band of ataman Kozyr-ZirkaPogrom
Ovroutch · Ukraine
notables tortured, Jewish quarter pillaged for ten days
Toll inconnu
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troops at the railway hubPogrom
Bakhmatch · Ukraine
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Starokostiantyniv · Ukraine
the city attacked by irregular detachments, its community ransomed then struck
Toll dizaines
janvier et mars 1919
Two successive pogromsPogrom
Jytomyr · Ukraine
community attacked by Petlioura's troops then by local bands
Toll ~400
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the Kiev provincePogrom
Chpola · Ukraine
the town attacked, its Jewish families robbed and part of its men killed
Toll dizaines
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troopsPogrom
Konotop · Ukraine
Jewish quarter ransacked
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War pogrom in the province of KievPogrom
Steblev · Ukraine
the town on the Ros attacked, its Jewish houses plundered and its families scattered
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by insurgent bands in the Kiev regionPogrom
Tarachtcha · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the Strouk band in the Kiev PolesiaPogrom
Ivankiv · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by the bands of the civil war at the gates of KievPogrom
Vasylkiv · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
automne 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's Troops upon their Entry into the TownPogrom
Romny · Ukraine
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Zvenyhorodka · Ukraine
the city looted by successive bands, its community beaten and ransomed
Toll dizaines
1919
Repeated pogroms by troops who succeed one another in the cityPogrom
Berdychiv · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919-1920
Hungarian White TerrorMassacre
Tapolca, Marcali, Izsák, Tolna · Hongrie
Jews murdered by mobile detachments in Transdanubia
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the insurgent bands in the Kiev regionPogrom
Rakitno · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the band of ataman SokolovskyPogrom
Radomychl · Ukraine
the community annihilated
Toll ~400
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the Kiev provincePogrom
Medvyn · Ukraine
The village, risen against authority, sees its small Jewish community massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Tomashpil · Ukraine
peasant bands entered the town, killed in the streets and carried away the possessions of Jewish families
Toll dizaines
1919
Repeated pogroms by the bands that succeed one another in the cityPogrom
Skvyra · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by the bands of the civil warPogrom
Ternivka · Ukraine
the community attacked
Toll inconnu
1919
Repeated pogroms by insurgent bandsPogrom
Stavyshche · Ukraine
the community decimated
Toll centaines
1919
Pogrom during the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Pykiv · Ukraine
the Jewish town plundered by bands of insurgents
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PodoliaPogrom
Bershad · Ukraine
the town, four-fifths Jewish, plundered by bands of insurgents, its houses burned and its inhabitants ransomed
Toll centaines
automne 1919
Pogrom by the troops of Denikin during the occupation of the cityPogrom
Kharkiv · Ukraine
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PodoliaPogrom
Zhmerynka · Ukraine
railway hub attacked by retreating troops, Jewish travelers pulled from trains and quarters looted
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Olhopil · Ukraine
district capital surrendered to insurgents, its Jewish streets set ablaze and its inhabitants in flight
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PodoliaPogrom
Chechelnyk · Ukraine
the town attacked repeatedly, the community plundered and a part of its men massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PodoliaPogrom
Lypovets · Ukraine
district capital where gangs kill in the streets and carry away everything the Jewish families possessed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Monastyryshche · Ukraine
the town attacked, its Jewish houses burned and its inhabitants taking refuge in neighboring towns
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the Kiev provincePogrom
Doubovo · Ukraine
the town attacked by bands, its community partially killed and the rest in flight
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Kaharlyk · Ukraine
the town handed over to armed bands, its community robbed and a part of its men killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War pogrom in VolhyniaPogrom
Koziatyn · Ukraine
railway junction where routed troops shoot Jewish travelers off trains and loot the city
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KievPogrom
Hermanivka · Ukraine
the town sacked by insurgents, its Jewish community partly killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PodoliaPogrom
Kopaïhorod · Ukraine
the town looted by armed bands, its synagogue desecrated and its inhabitants struck
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PodoliaPogrom
Chargorod · Ukraine
the town, three-quarters Jewish, ransomed and then pillaged house by house
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in VolhyniaPogrom
Klevan · Ukraine
the town's Jews robbed and beaten during the passage of troops
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war on the DniestrPogrom
Iampil · Ukraine
the Jewish town at the ford sacked, its shops emptied and its inhabitants beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PodoliaPogrom
Ilintsy · Ukraine
the town plundered, its Jewish craftsmen ruined and part of its population killed or wounded
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogroms in Poland in 1919Massacre
Pologne
Pinsk (April 5, 35 shot), Lida (~39), Vilna (April, ~65), Częstochowa, Minsk (August, ~31).
Toll ~200
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in VolhyniaPogrom
Iziaslav · Ukraine
the old Zaslav sacked again, its Jewish houses emptied and its inhabitants partially massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom by civil war bandsPogrom
Slovetchno · Ukraine
the community massacred
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Nova Ouchytsia · Ukraine
the Jewish inhabitants stripped, beaten, several killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Hungarian White TerrorTrials and executions
Siófok · Hongrie
Jews arrested and executed by Pál Prónay's detachment
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of Civil War bands on the DnieperPogrom
Kaniv · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919-1920
Hungarian White TerrorTrials and executions
Kecskemét · Hongrie
Jews arrested, tortured and executed by officer detachments
Toll dizaines
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PoltavaPogrom
Kobeliaky · Ukraine
Jewish houses ransacked, several inhabitants massacred
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Litin · Ukraine
the town sacked, the synagogue desecrated and the Jewish families scattered in the villages
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PoltavaPogrom
Lokhvytsia · Ukraine
the Jews of the small town stripped, beaten, several killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in VolhyniaPogrom
Malyn · Ukraine
the town attacked, its Jewish families despoiled and some of its men killed
Toll dizaines
1919
Dniestr PogromPogrom
Mohyliv-Podilskyi · Ukraine
the border town, one of the most Jewish in Podolia, pillaged as troops fighting over the river pass through
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in the province of KhersonPogrom
Pervomaïsk · Ukraine
the city born of three united towns sees its Jewish population pillaged and struck
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of Zeleny's bandPogrom
Rjychtchiv · Ukraine
port on the Dniepr given over to pillaging
Toll inconnu
1919
Pogrom by the band of the ataman Zeleny, master of the town on the DnieperPogrom
Trypillia · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
1919
Civil War Pogrom in PodoliaPogrom
Tulchyn · Ukraine
the city that had already known massacre in Khmelnytsky's time pillaged again, its Jewish families beaten and ransomed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom at the Volhynia Railway JunctionPogrom
Zdolbouniv · Ukraine
Jews at the station attacked by soldiers in transit
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of Volhynian PolesiePogrom
Doubrovytsia · Ukraine
the Jewish town of the marshes sacked by armed bands
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in Kherson provincePogrom
Kryve Ozero · Ukraine
the town attacked repeatedly, its Jewish houses burned and its inhabitants in flight
Toll centaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PoltavaPogrom
Khorol · Ukraine
Jewish houses in the town looted, its inhabitants ransomed
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in ChernihivPogrom
Horodnia · Ukraine
the Jews of the town plundered and beaten by armed bands
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Civil War in PodoliaPogrom
Derajnia · Ukraine
the town pillaged as the columns passed, its inhabitants stripped and beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the Zbroutch borderPogrom
Sataniv · Ukraine
the old Jewish town plundered and partially burned
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Khmilnyk · Ukraine
the city attacked by irregular detachments, its Jewish shops destroyed and its inhabitants beaten
Toll dizaines
1919
Pogrom of the civil war in PodoliaPogrom
Yarmolyntsi · Ukraine
Jewish houses and shops sacked, several inhabitants massacred
Toll dizaines
février 1919
Pogrom of Semossenko's troops, two days after ProskourovPogrom
Felchtine · Ukraine
the community annihilated
Toll ~600
15 février 1919
The deadliest pogrom of the civil warPogrom
Proskourov · Ukraine
the Cossacks of ataman Semossenko swept the Jewish quarter with sabers for four hours, by written order
Toll 1 500 à 1 700
avril 1919
Pogrom of the band of ataman StroukPogrom
Tchornobyl · Ukraine
Jewish quarter looted and inhabitants killed
Toll inconnu
avril 1919
Pogrom at the taking of the city by Polish troopsPogrom
Lida · Biélorussie
Toll ~39
avril 1919
Pogrom during the city's capture by the Polish armyPogrom
Vilna · Lituanie
Jews shot in the street and homes looted
Toll ~65
5 avril 1919
Massacre of PinskMassacre
Pinsk · Biélorussie
thirty-five Jews gathered for a relief distribution arrested by the Polish army and shot without trial
Toll 35
mai 1919
Pogrom by Grigoriev's bands in the town that serves as their basePogrom
Oleksandriia · Ukraine
Toll centaines
mai 1919
Pogrom by Grigoriev's bands during their passage through the mining basinPogrom
Kryvyï Rih · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
mai 1919
Pogrom of the bands of ataman GrigorievPogrom
Tcherkassy · Ukraine
the town delivered for several days to looting
Toll ~700
mai 1919
Pogrom by insurgent bandsPogrom
Dachiv · Ukraine
the Jews of the town gathered then killed
Toll ~500
mai 1919
Pogrom by Grigoriev's bandsPogrom
Smila · Ukraine
Jewish inhabitants killed in the streets and courtyards
Toll centaines
mai 1919
Pogrom by the bands of the ataman Grigoriev at the railway junction, during their uprising against the BolsheviksPogrom
Znamianka · Ukraine
Toll inconnu
mai 1919
Pogrom by Grigoriev's bandsPogrom
Zolotonosha · Ukraine
Jewish quarter handed over to pillage
Toll inconnu
mai 1919
Pogrom of Grigoriev's bandsPogrom
Elisavetgrad · Ukraine
Jewish quarters ransacked, inhabitants massacred in courtyards
Toll 1 300 à 3 000
mai 1919
Pogrom of the bands of GrigorievPogrom
Horodyshche · Ukraine
the community attacked in its homes
Toll inconnu
mai 1919
Pogrom by the bands of Klymenko and GrigorievPogrom
Ouman · Ukraine
the Jewish quarter massacred
Toll ~400
mai 1919
Pogrom by the band of ataman VolynetsPogrom
Haïssyn · Ukraine
the community massacred
Toll centaines
juillet 1919
Pogrom of Zeleny's bandPogrom
Pereiaslav · Ukraine
Jewish quarter attacked for several days
Toll dizaines
août 1919
Pogrom upon the entry of Polish troopsPogrom
Minsk · Biélorussie
Jewish houses looted, inhabitants killed
Toll ~31
août 1919
Pogrom by insurgent bandsPogrom
Lyssianka · Ukraine
the community massacred in two days
Toll centaines
août 1919
Pogrom by insurgent bandsPogrom
Pohrebychtche · Ukraine
the community massacred house by house
Toll ~400
septembre 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's White troopsPogrom
Fastov · Ukraine
the town delivered for a week to pillage, inhabitants burned in their homes
Toll ~1 500
octobre 1919
Pogrom by Denikin's troopsPogrom
Kiev · Ukraine
Jewish houses forced night after night, women raped, inhabitants killed
Toll centaines
1920
Pogrom of Balakhovitch's raid in PolesiaPogrom
Narovlia · Biélorussie
the town on the Pripiat occupied, its Jewish community ransomed then struck
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of Volhynian PolesiaPogrom
Ratne · Ukraine
the Jewish houses of the town pillaged, its inhabitants struck
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom in Belarusian PolesiaPogrom
Parytchy · Biélorussie
the Jewish houses in the town forced and emptied, its inhabitants beaten
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of Belarusian PolesiePogrom
Retchytsa · Biélorussie
the Jewish houses of the Dnieper city pillaged by armed bands
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Balakhovitch raid in PolesiaPogrom
Kopatkevitchi · Biélorussie
the borough handed over to soldiers, its Jewish community stripped and martyred
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Polish-Soviet WarPogrom
Liouboml · Ukraine
the Jewish town plundered and ransomed as troops passed through
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Polish-Soviet warPogrom
Kovel · Ukraine
the Jewish quarters of the city looted as the armies pass through
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Balakhovitch raid in PolesiaPogrom
Skryhalava · Biélorussie
the town on the banks of the Pripiat sacked, its Jewish families beaten and robbed
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Balakhovitch raid in PolessiaPogrom
Lelchitsy · Biélorussie
the town occupied by the troops, its women raped and its Jewish men killed
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom in Belarusian PolesiePogrom
Khoïniki · Biélorussie
the Jewish town in the marshes sacked, its inhabitants ransomed
Toll dizaines
1920-1927
Campagne du *Dearborn Independent*Persecution
Dearborn (Michigan) · États-Unis
l'hebdomadaire d'Henry Ford publie quatre-vingt-onze semaines d'articles antisémites et diffuse les *Protocoles des sages de Sion* à un demi-million d'exemplaires ; Ford présente ses excuses en 1927
Toll toll not established
1920
Pogrom in Belarusian PolesiePogrom
Loïev · Biélorussie
the Jewish town on the Dnieper plundered by bands of insurgents
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Polish-Soviet WarPogrom
Volodymyr-Volynskyi · Ukraine
Jews of the old town stripped, beaten, their shops emptied
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of the Balakhovitch raid in PolesiaPogrom
Yourovitchi · Biélorussie
the town seized by the troops, its Jewish homes plundered and its inhabitants tortured
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom of Belarusian PolesiaPogrom
Bragin · Biélorussie
the Jews of the town robbed and beaten, several killed
Toll dizaines
1920
Pogrom by the troops of Boulak-BalakhovitchPogrom
Mozyr · Biélorussie
Jewish quarter plundered, inhabitants massacred
Toll inconnu
mars 1920
The deadliest pogrom of the civil war after ProskourovPogrom
Tetiev · Ukraine
the Jews sheltering in the synagogue are burned alive
Toll ~4 000
avril 1920
RiotsPogrom
Jérusalem (Nebi Moussa) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 5
septembre 1920
Pogrom by Budyonny's Red Cavalry during its passagePogrom
Baranivka · Ukraine
Toll dizaines
septembre 1920
Pogrom of Budyonny's Red CavalryPogrom
Vakhnivka · Ukraine
Jewish inhabitants killed and houses burned
Toll dizaines
septembre 1920
Pogrom by Budyonny's Red Cavalry during its retreat from PolandPogrom
Lioubar · Ukraine
Toll ~60
septembre 1920
Pogrom of Budyonny's Red CavalryPogrom
Tchoudniv · Ukraine
Jewish quarter looted
Toll dizaines
22 sept. 1920
Legal persecutionPersecution
Hongrie
law XXV establishes a university numerus clausus, the first anti-Jewish law of post-war Europe
Toll toll not established
novembre 1920
Pogrom by the troops of Boulak-BalakhovitchPogrom
Petrykaw · Biélorussie
women raped, inhabitants killed
Toll dizaines
novembre 1920
Pogrom of Boulak-Balakhovitch's Troops in Their Polesia RaidPogrom
Kalinkavitchy · Biélorussie
Toll dizaines
novembre 1920
Pogrom by Boulak-Balakhovitch's troopsPogrom
Davyd-Haradok · Biélorussie
the town given over to looting
Toll dizaines
novembre 1920
Pogrom by the troops of Boulak-Balakhovitch on the PrypiatPogrom
Touraw · Biélorussie
Toll dizaines
mai 1921
RiotsPogrom
Jaffa · Terre d'Israël
Toll 47
1922
Forced Conversion of OrphansForced conversion
Sanaa (Yémen) · Yémen
the imam Yahya revives the decree that takes from the community the orphaned Jewish children to raise them as Muslims
Toll toll not established
Déc. 1922
Student riots in Cluj, Iași and CernăuțiPogrom
Roumanie
Jews expelled from lecture halls and dormitories, campaign for a numerus clausus
Toll toll not established
5-6 nov. 1923
Pogrom of the ScheunenviertelPogrom
Berlin · Allemagne
the quarter of Eastern European Jews plundered for two days during the inflation crisis
Toll toll not established
Décembre 1927
Congress of antisemitic studentsPogrom
Oradea · Roumanie
five synagogues ransacked, Torah scrolls burned, looting of the Jewish quarter and railroad cars
Toll toll not established
Sept. 1928
Ritual murder accusationTrials and executions
Massena · États-Unis
the community questioned by police after the disappearance of a girl, found alive; the mayor and police chief are forced to apologize
Toll toll not established
1929
1929 riots (Hebron, Safed, Jerusalem, Motza)Pogrom
Hébron, Safed, Jérusalem, Motza · Palestine mandataire
Toll 67 à Hébron, 18-20 à Safed ; 133 au total
août 1929
1929 RiotsPogrom
Safed · Terre d'Israël
the Jewish quarter attacked and burned
Toll 18 à 20
août 1929
Riots of 1929Pogrom
Motza · Israël
the Maklef family massacred in their home
Toll 6
23-24 août 1929
Riots at the Western WallPogrom
Jérusalem · Terre d'Israël
the Jewish quarters of the old city and Mea Shearim attacked, residents killed in the street, survivors evacuated to new quarters
Toll 17
24 août 1929
Massacre of HebronMassacre
Hébron · Terre d'Israël
the community attacked house by house, the wounded finished off, the survivors evacuated by British authorities and Jewish presence interrupted for forty years
Toll 67
1930-1937
Quota Act et chemises grisesPersecution
Afrique du Sud
la loi de 1930 puis l'*Aliens Act* de 1937 ferment l'immigration aux Juifs d'Europe centrale, tandis que les *Greyshirts* mènent une agitation antisémite
Toll toll not established
4 juill. 1930
Pogrom by students of the Iron GuardPogrom
Borșa · Roumanie
the Jewish quarter burned, several hundred houses destroyed, the population driven into the hills
Toll inconnu
29 juin 1931
Pogrom of the Campbell quarterPogrom
Salonique · Grèce
the Jewish suburb attacked and burned by nationalist activists, its inhabitants cast into the street
Toll toll not established
1933-1935
Expulsion of Jews from the provincesExpulsion
Afghanistan
the communities from the towns driven to Kabul, Herat and Balkh, where they are confined and barred from commerce
Toll toll not established
1ᵉʳ avril 1933
National boycott of Jewish shopsPersecution
Allemagne
day organized by the Nazi party, followed by the first exclusion laws (April 7)
Toll toll not established
7 avril 1933
Legal PersecutionPersecution
Allemagne
the law on the restoration of the civil service excludes Jews from administration, education and justice
Toll toll not established
10 mai 1933
Book burningsTrials and executions
Berlin · Allemagne
works by Jewish authors burned in public squares by Nazi students, in Berlin and then in university cities of the Reich
Toll toll not established
août 1933
Enlèvement et meurtre de Simon KaspéAttack
Harbin (Mandchourie) · Chine
le pianiste, fils d'un notable juif, est enlevé par un groupe russe blanc protégé par l'occupant japonais, puis tué ; l'émigration juive quitte la ville
Toll 1
1934
Riots, expulsionsExpulsion
Thrace turque · Turquie
Toll toll not established
3-5 août 1934
Pogrom of ConstantinePogrom
Constantine · Algérie
Toll 25
1935
PogromPogrom
Grodno · Biélorussie
Jewish quarter attacked after a murder rumor, shops ransacked
Toll 2
1935-1937
Pogroms in Poland in the 1930sMassacre
Pologne
Grodno (1935), Przytyk (March 1936), Mińsk Mazowiecki (1936), Brześć (May 1937), Częstochowa (1937).
Toll une dizaine de morts au total
15 septembre 1935
Nuremberg LawsPersecution
Nuremberg · Allemagne
civic exclusion of Jews, stripped of German citizenship; marriages and relations with « Aryans » forbidden
Toll toll not established
1936-1939
Great Arab RevoltMilitary repression
Palestine mandataire
attacks against Jews, Tiberias (2 Oct. 1938, 19 dead)
Toll ~400-500 Juifs tués
1936-1939
Persecution of Iraqi JewsPersecution
Bagdad et Bassorah · Irak
bombs launched against clubs and synagogues, murders in the street, officials dismissed, while the press stirs up hostility regarding Palestine
Toll inconnu
9 mars 1936
Pogrom triggered by a market brawlPogrom
Przytyk · Pologne
Jewish homes and shops ransacked, the Minkowski family killed; Jews who had defended themselves are then convicted
Toll 3 Juifs et 1 Polonais tués
juin 1936
PogromPogrom
Mińsk Mazowiecki · Pologne
the Jewish population driven from the city over several days, houses set on fire
Toll 1
mai 1937
PogromPogrom
Brest-Litovsk · Biélorussie
Jewish shops and houses ransacked following the death of a policeman, the town given over to the crowd for an entire day
Toll 2
juin 1937
PogromPogrom
Częstochowa · Pologne
Jewish quarter attacked following a rumor, shops looted
Toll inconnu
Oct. 1937
Legal persecutionPersecution
Pologne
'ghetto benches' imposed on Jewish students in Polish universities
Toll toll not established
Oct. 1937
Riots in the Free CityPogrom
Dantzig · Pologne
Jewish shops ransacked, the community driven to emigration
Toll toll not established
1938
Aryanisation of Jewish property after the AnschlussMassacre
Autriche
businesses, apartments and accounts confiscated under the direction of Adolf Eichmann's office
Toll toll not established
1938-1939
Legal persecutionPersecution
Tripoli (Libye) · Libye
Italian racial laws extended to the colony, Jews expelled from public service and schools, their businesses placed under trusteeship
Toll toll not established
22 janv. 1938
Legal persecutionPersecution
Roumanie
the Goga-Cuza decree subjects Jews to citizenship review; one third of them lose it
Toll toll not established
Mars 1938
Humiliations and looting after the AnschlussPogrom
Vienne · Autriche
public humiliations (« Reibpartien »), looting of shops, mass arrests
Toll 218 suicides en deux mois
26 avr. 1938
Legal persecutionPersecution
Allemagne
every Jew must declare his assets beyond five thousand marks, an inventory that prepares for confiscation the following year
Toll toll not established
29 mai 1938
Legal persecutionPersecution
Hongrie
the first Jewish law caps the presence of Jews in the professions and trade
Toll toll not established
17 août 1938
Legal persecutionPersecution
Allemagne
the "decree on names" imposes Israel and Sara on Jews not bearing a first name from the official list; the passport is marked with a "J" in October
Toll toll not established
sept.-nov. 1938
Exclusion of liberal professionsPersecution
Allemagne
Jewish doctors lose their title in September and lawyers their bar registration in November, no longer able to treat or defend anyone but Jews
Toll toll not established
2 oct. 1938
Massacre of Tiberias during the Great Arab RevoltMassacre
Tibériade · Terre d'Israël
the Jewish quarter attacked at night, entire families killed in their homes and the synagogue set on fire
Toll 19
28 octobre 1938
Expulsion of Polish Jews from Germany (« Polenaktion »)Expulsion
Zbąszyń · Pologne
turned back at the border and trapped in the Zbąszyń camp
Toll ~17 000 expulsés
2 nov. 1938
Expulsion toward the Hungarian border after Vienna arbitrationExpulsion
Slovaquie
families rounded up and abandoned in no man's land
Toll toll not established
9-10 nov. 1938
KristallnachtPogrom
Allemagne, Autriche, Sudètes · Allemagne
~1,400 synagogues destroyed, 30,000 deported to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen.
Toll 91 morts officiels ; plusieurs centaines avec les suicides et morts en camp
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht PogromPogrom
Innsbruck · Autriche
SS commandos kill four men at their homes or in the street, the town accounting for the highest death toll of the night
Toll 4
12 novembre 1938
Legal PersecutionPersecution
Allemagne
in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, a « penitential fine » of one billion marks is imposed on the community, which is excluded from the economy
Toll toll not established
15 nov. 1938
Exclusion of Jewish children from public schoolsPersecution
Allemagne
five days after Kristallnacht, a decree expels them from all German institutions
Toll toll not established
17 nov. 1938
Legal persecutionPersecution
Italie
fascist racial laws exclude Jews from school, the military and public service, and forbid mixed marriages
Toll toll not established
mai-juin 1939
Refoulement du paquebotPersecution
Saint-Louis (paquebot) · Cuba
neuf cent sept passagers juifs fuyant le Reich se voient refuser le débarquement à Cuba, puis aux États-Unis et au Canada ; le navire revient en Europe et plus de deux cent cinquante de ses passagers périront dans la Shoah
Toll 254
5 mai 1939
Legal persecutionPersecution
Hongrie
the second Jewish law defines the Jew by descent rather than religion, reduces his share to six percent of the professions and deprives him of the right to vote
Toll toll not established

The Shoah (1939–1945)915

21 mars 1933
Opening of Oranienburg campShoah
Oranienburg · Allemagne
The assault troops installed at Oranienburg, north of Berlin, a camp where political opponents and Jews from the capital were imprisoned.
Toll bilan non établi
22 mars 1933
Opening of Dachau campShoah
Dachau · Allemagne
The authorities of the new regime open, near Munich, in a former powder mill, the first permanent concentration camp in Germany; it serves as a model for all those that follow.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1936
Opening of Sachsenhausen CampShoah
Sachsenhausen · Allemagne
A camp is opened at Sachsenhausen, near Oranienburg, and becomes the seat of the central administration of the concentration camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1-16 août 1936
Berlin Olympic GamesShoah
Berlin · Allemagne
During the Games, signs hostile to Jews are removed from Berlin's streets and the press softens its tone; exclusionary measures resume once the stadiums close.
Toll bilan non établi
15 juill. 1937
Opening of Buchenwald campShoah
Buchenwald · Allemagne
A camp is opened on the Ettersberg, above Weimar; it receives thousands of German Jews arrested in raids from the following autumn onwards.
Toll bilan non établi
8 nov. 1937
Exhibition « The Eternal Jew » in MunichShoah
Munich · Allemagne
A propaganda exhibition opens in Munich, presenting Jews as a foreign body; it then circulates in the major cities of the country.
Toll bilan non établi
avr. 1938
Expulsion of the Jews from BurgenlandShoah
Burgenland · Autriche
The seven communities of Burgenland, established since the seventeenth century under the protection of the Esterházy princes, are driven out in a matter of weeks toward Vienna and the Hungarian border.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1938
Opening of the Flossenbürg campShoah
Flossenbürg · Allemagne
A camp is opened at Flossenbürg, in northern Bavaria, near a granite quarry operated by enterprises of the regime's police.
Toll bilan non établi
8 août 1938
Opening of the Mauthausen campShoah
Mauthausen · Autriche
After the annexation of Austria, a camp is opened near Mauthausen, on the Danube, around a granite quarry whose staircase becomes an instrument of death.
Toll bilan non établi
20 août 1938
Central Office of Emigration in ViennaShoah
Vienne, Leopoldstadt · Autriche
A central office is established in Vienna to organize the forced departure of Jews from Austria, who must abandon their property in exchange for an exit visa.
Toll bilan non établi
18 sept. 1938
Proclamation of racial laws in TriesteShoah
Trieste · Italie
Mussolini announces from Trieste's Piazza dell'Unità measures against Italian Jews; followed by exclusion from schools, administration and the military, and expulsion of foreign Jews who entered after the previous war.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in LinzShoah
Linz · Autriche
The synagogue of Linz is destroyed by fire and Jewish homes are looted; the city is declared emptied of its Jews shortly after.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in GrazShoah
Graz · Autriche
The synagogue of Graz is burned and Jewish shops ransacked; the men of the community are arrested and taken to Dachau.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in StuttgartShoah
Stuttgart · Allemagne
The Stuttgart synagogue is burned and Jewish businesses in Württemberg are ransacked; the men are taken to the Dachau camp.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in MunichShoah
Munich · Allemagne
The last prayer houses in Munich are destroyed, the great synagogue having already been razed by order in early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in EssenShoah
Essen · Allemagne
The Essen synagogue is set on fire but resists the flames; the empty building later serves as a warehouse, then becomes a place of memory after the war.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in KlagenfurtShoah
Klagenfurt · Autriche
The Jewish places of prayer and shops in Klagenfurt are destroyed; the community of Carinthia ceases to exist.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in BreslauShoah
Breslau · Allemagne
The new synagogue of Breslau, one of the largest in the country, is set on fire; the Silesian community loses in one night its places of worship and its schools.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in HamburgShoah
Hambourg · Allemagne
The great synagogue of Bornplatz and the prayer houses of Hamburg quarters are ransacked; the men arrested are directed to Sachsenhausen.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in HanoverShoah
Hanovre · Allemagne
The Hanover Synagogue is set on fire a few days after the expulsion to Poland of Polish Jews living there.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in LeipzigShoah
Leipzig · Allemagne
The great synagogue of Leipzig is destroyed and the Jewish furriers of the fair district stripped of their stocks.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in NurembergShoah
Nuremberg · Allemagne
The violence of Nuremberg follows the destruction of the Great Synagogue, demolished on the order of the regional chief a few months earlier.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in FrankfurtShoah
Francfort-sur-le-Main · Allemagne
The four great synagogues of Frankfurt were burned the same night; the city was home to one of the oldest communities in Germany, established since the Middle Ages.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in CologneShoah
Cologne · Allemagne
The synagogues of Cologne, including the one on Roonstrasse, are set on fire; Jewish shops in the old town are looted and men arrested.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in SalzbourgShoah
Salzbourg · Autriche
The Salzbourg synagogue is devastated and the small community scattered; its last members leave the town in the following months.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in DresdenShoah
Dresde · Allemagne
The Dresden synagogue, a work by the architect who built the city's opera house, was consigned to the flames; only the star on the pediment was saved by a firefighter.
Toll bilan non établi
9-10 nov. 1938
Kristallnacht in DüsseldorfShoah
Düsseldorf · Allemagne
The violence in Düsseldorf ranks among the most brutal of the night: residents are beaten in their homes and the synagogue is destroyed.
Toll bilan non établi
1939
Forced departures from ViennaShoah
Vienne · Autriche
The community of Vienna, the largest in the German-speaking world, empties through forced emigration; families without visas or resources remain trapped.
Toll bilan non établi
15 mars 1939
Occupation of Prague and creation of the ProtectorateShoah
Prague · Tchéquie
German troops enter Prague and the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia is proclaimed the next day; the Reich's anti-Jewish legislation is extended by stages to Czech and Moravian communities, who lose their civil and professional rights within a few months.
Toll bilan non établi
15 mai 1939
Opening of Ravensbrück campShoah
Ravensbrück · Allemagne
The Ravensbrück camp, north of Berlin, is opened for women; it receives German Jewish detainees, then women from all occupied Europe.
Toll bilan non établi
21 juin 1939
Protector's Decree on Jewish PropertyShoah
Bohême-Moravie · Tchéquie
The Protector of the Reich signs the ordinance placing Jewish property under control and forbidding its disposal; it opens the spoliation of enterprises, lands, and accounts throughout the Protectorate.
Toll bilan non établi
4 juill. 1939
Compulsory Association of Reich JewsShoah
Allemagne
An ordinance dissolves Jewish organizations in Germany and replaces them with a single association, placed under police supervision and tasked with executing its orders.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1939
Executions during the invasion of PolandShoah
Pologne
Executions by the Wehrmacht and Einsatzgruppen from the invasion onward (Częstochowa 'Bloody Monday', Będzin, synagogues burned); first ghettos.
Toll milliers
4 sept. 1939
Bloody Monday in CzęstochowaShoah
Częstochowa · Pologne
Two days after the Wehrmacht's entry, the city is the scene of mass executions; Jews are gathered then shot in groups.
Toll ~300
8 sept. 1939
Burning of the Great Synagogue of BędzinShoah
Będzin · Pologne
The great synagogue is burned along with the adjoining Jewish quarter; those who attempt to flee are shot.
Toll ~200
12-14 sept. 1939
Przemyśl ShootingsShoah
Przemyśl · Pologne
The Einsatzgruppen gather the Jewish men of the city and shoot them in the suburbs over three days.
Toll ~600
oct. 1939
Convoys from Nisko since Moravská OstravaShoah
Ostrava · Tchéquie
Convoys of Jewish men leave Moravská Ostrava toward the San, where the German administration plans a reserve; the operation is abandoned after a few weeks and part of the deported are turned back toward the border.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1939
Expulsion of the Jews of InowrocławShoah
Inowrocław · Pologne
City of Kuyavia annexed to the Reich, whose community was driven out in the first weeks toward the General Government.
Toll bilan non établi
8 oct. 1939
First ghetto of occupied PolandShoah
Piotrków Trybunalski · Pologne
The city receives the first ghetto created in occupied Poland; the Jewish population is enclosed there from October.
Toll ~25 000 enfermés
nov. 1939
Ostrów Mazowiecka MassacreShoah
Ostrów Mazowiecka · Pologne
Following a fire, the Jewish population of the town is shot by German police in the first weeks of occupation.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1939
Expulsion of the Jews of SuwałkiShoah
Suwałki · Pologne
A town in the north-east annexed to the Reich, whose community is driven out in the first year to the General Government and Lithuania.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1939
Expulsion of the Jews of Ostrów WielkopolskiShoah
Ostrów Wielkopolski · Pologne
A town in Greater Poland annexed to the Reich, whose Jews are driven out in the first year to the General Government.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1939
Expulsion of the Jews of PułtuskShoah
Pułtusk · Pologne
Town on the Narew whose community, one of the oldest in Masovia, is driven beyond the Bug in the first months of occupation.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1939
Expulsion of Jews from GnieznoShoah
Gniezno · Pologne
The former capital of Poland, annexed to the Reich, whose community was expelled in the first year to the General Government.
Toll bilan non établi
1940
Professional exclusion in the ProtectorateShoah
Bohême-Moravie · Tchéquie
The Jews of the Protectorate are barred from the bar, medicine, teaching and trade; public schools are closed to them and the community organizes replacement education.
Toll bilan non établi
1940-1942
Famine in the Warsaw ghettoShoah
Varsovie · Pologne
Rations of a few hundred calories, overcrowding and typhus: mortality claims tens of thousands of people even before the deportations.
Toll ~83 000
1940
Internment at the Saint-Cyprien campShoah
Saint-Cyprien · France
Camp in the Pyrénées-Orientales where foreign Jews are confined before their transfer to Gurs and Rivesaltes.
Toll bilan non établi
1940
Expulsions of Jews from LuxembourgShoah
Luxembourg
The occupier forces Jews of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to leave the country for France and Portugal.
Toll bilan non établi
12-13 févr. 1940
Deportation of Jews from StettinShoah
Stettin · Allemagne
First deportation of German Jews to the Lublin district: families are rounded up at night and sent by train eastward.
Toll ~1 100 déportés
Avril-nov. 1940
Confinement in ghettosShoah
Łódź et Varsovie · Pologne
Łódź is sealed on April 30, Warsaw on November 16: approximately 160,000 and 400,000 people are cut off from the rest of the city, on reduced rations.
Toll —
30 avril 1940
Closure of the Łódź ghettoShoah
Łódź · Pologne
The ghetto is sealed, the first great enclosed ghetto in occupied Europe; it will not be liquidated until August 1944.
Toll ~160 000 enfermés
mai 1940
Expulsion of the Jews of KatowiceShoah
Katowice · Pologne
Capital of Upper Silesia annexed to the Reich, whose community is driven out in the first months toward the General Government.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1940
Expulsion of Jews from the Belgian coastShoah
Littoral belge · Belgique
The occupier drives Jews from communes on the Belgian coast and forbids them to reside there.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1940
The Ferramonti di Tarsia internment campShoah
Ferramonti di Tarsia · Italie
The largest Italian internment camp is opened in Calabria for foreign Jews; the regime remains less harsh than in German camps, a school and synagogue function there, and the camp is liberated before others by Allied advance.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1940
Autonomous camp of NeuengammeShoah
Neuengamme · Allemagne
The camp of Neuengamme, initially an annex of Sachsenhausen in the suburbs of Hamburg, becomes autonomous and is covered by a network of labor camps across Northern Germany.
Toll bilan non établi
30 juin – 1ᵉʳ juill. 1940
Massacres of Galați and DorohoiShoah
Galați, Dorohoi (Roumanie) · Roumanie
Romanian soldiers massacre Jews in Galați (June 30) and in Dorohoi (July 1).
Toll 53 à 200 à Dorohoi
juill.-nov. 1940
Expulsion of Jews from Alsace and MoselleShoah
Alsace et Moselle · France
The departments annexed to the Reich are emptied of their Jewish population, driven toward the unoccupied zone.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1940
Internment at Gurs CampShoah
Gurs · France
The camp in the Lower Pyrenees receives the Badische and Palatinate Jews expelled from the Reich, then serves as a reservoir for deportations.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1940
First anti-Jewish ordinances in BelgiumShoah
Belgique
The occupier imposes the registration of Belgian Jews, their exclusion from professions and the municipal register.
Toll bilan non établi
3 oct. 1940
Statute of the Jews of VichyShoah
France
The first statute excludes Jews from public office, teaching, press and cinema; the law of October 4 authorizes the internment of foreign Jews.
Toll —
7 oct. 1940
Abrogation of the Crémieux decreeShoah
Algérie
Jews of Algeria lose French citizenship obtained in 1870 and become indigenous again; numerus clausus in schools. It is restored only in October 1943.
Toll —
22-23 oct. 1940
Wagner-Bürckel Action in the PalatinateShoah
Palatinat · Allemagne
The communities of the Palatinate are rounded up on the same day as those of Baden and deported to Gurs.
Toll ~800 déportés
22-23 oct. 1940
Wagner-Bürckel ActionShoah
Bade, Palatinat et Sarre · Allemagne
Jews from three regions of the Reich are rounded up in two days and deported to the Gurs camp in southwestern France; many will die there or go on to Auschwitz.
Toll 6 504 déportés
22-23 oct. 1940
Wagner-Bürckel Action in BadenShoah
Bade · Allemagne
The Jews of the Baden region are rounded up in two days and deported to the Gurs camp in southwestern France.
Toll ~5 600 déportés
22-23 oct. 1940
Wagner-Bürckel Action in SarreShoah
Sarre · Allemagne
The last Jews of the Sarre are rounded up with those of Baden and the Palatinate and taken to Gurs.
Toll une centaine de déportés
31 octobre 1940
Status of the Jews of Morocco (dahir of October 31, 1940)Shoah
Maroc
The resident general has a dahir signed that transposes Vichy antisemitic legislation to the protectorate: exclusion from civil service, teaching, the press and cinema.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1940
Exclusion of Jews from the Dutch civil serviceShoah
Pays-Bas
Jewish officials in the Netherlands are suspended and then dismissed by the occupier.
Toll bilan non établi
26 nov. 1940
Protest of Leiden UniversityShoah
Leyde · Pays-Bas
Dean Cleveringa protests publicly against the dismissal of Jewish professors; the university is closed.
Toll bilan non établi
30 novembre 1940
Status of the Jews of TunisiaShoah
Tunisie
The resident general extends to the protectorate the antisemitic legislation: Jews are excluded from administration, education and press professions.
Toll bilan non établi
Déc. 1940
Naufrage du SalvadorShoah
Mer de Marmara (Salvador) · Turquie
Le caboteur, parti de Varna avec des réfugiés bulgares fuyant vers la Palestine, sombre dans une tempête au large de Silivri ; les survivants sont pour la plupart refoulés.
Toll ~200
1941
Arrest and execution of the Jews of KragujevacShoah
Kragujevac · Serbie
The Jews of Kragujevac are caught in German reprisals striking the city, then in the census and executions ordered against Jewish men in Serbia.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Shootings of KorsounShoah
Korsoun · Ukraine
Town on the banks of the Ros marked by massacres of the seventeenth century, Korsoun loses its community in autumn; the victims are led to a ravine on the outskirts.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of KarlovacShoah
Karlovac · Croatie
The Jews of Karlovac lose their property from the first Ustaše decrees, are required to wear the distinctive sign, then arrested and handed over to the camps of the New State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish Community of BjelovarShoah
Bjelovar · Croatie
The community of Bjelovar, one of the oldest in northern Croatia, is despoiled and then rounded up by the Ustaše authorities and led to internment sites.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Berrouaghia CampShoah
Berrouaghia · Algérie
Former penitentiary converted into an internment facility, it housed foreign Jews arrested after the defeat as well as activists turned over to Vichy authorities.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Shootings of MažeikiaiShoah
Mažeikiai · Lituanie
The Jews of the city and towns in the district, gathered in barracks then in a barn, are shot in groups during the summer in pits dug at the forest edge; a few families hidden by peasants survive.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1941-1943
Camp of AbadlaShoah
Abadla · Algérie
The camp marks the route of the Transsaharan along the Saoura; water is rationed there and summer heat makes earthwork lethal.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Camp of the Trans-Saharan at Colomb-BécharShoah
Colomb-Béchar · Algérie
The railway construction site in southern Oran employs groups of foreign workers, mostly Jews; discipline there is military and the sick are sent back to work.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1945
Stara Gradiška campShoah
Stara Gradiška · Croatie
Annex of Jasenovac established in a former prison, where women and children are held.
Toll plusieurs milliers
1941-1943
Djenien Bou Rezg disciplinary campShoah
Djenien Bou Rezg · Algérie
The camp serves as punishment for those whom other worksites reject; post-war testimonies describe the tomb, a pit dug in the sand where the recalcitrant are locked up.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of PožegaShoah
Požega · Croatie
The Jews of Požega in Slavonia are stripped by racial decrees, arrested in several waves and handed over to Ustaše state camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of KriževciShoah
Križevci · Croatie
Jewish families of Križevci are dispossessed of their property, marked with the distinctive sign, then arrested and handed over to the camps of the Ustashi State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Ustaša camp of JadovnoShoah
Jadovno · Croatie
First Ustaša extermination camp, on Mount Velebit: detainees are thrown alive into the karst sinkholes.
Toll ~2 500 Juifs
1941-1942
Transsaharan Camp at Aïn el OurakShoah
Aïn el Ourak · Maroc
On the Transsaharan line, the camp isolates its internees hours away from any settlement; mail is censored there and escapes are punished with imprisonment in Bou Arfa.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Grouping of Jewish workers of BedeauShoah
Bedeau · Algérie
Young Algerian Jews excluded from the army by the repeal of the Crémieux decree are gathered in this camp in southern Oran and assigned to chores without weapons or pay.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings of KutyShoah
Kuty · Ukraine
The small town in the foothills of the Carpathes, renowned for its craftsmen and market, sees its community shot multiple times on the banks of the Cheremosh; the killers are a security detachment and district auxiliaries.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
1941
Shootings of RomnyShoah
Romny · Ukraine
The Jews remaining in Romny after the evacuation of the factories are registered, stripped, then shot in the immediate vicinity of the city.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Missour Labor CampShoah
Missour · Maroc
Internees broke stone there for the railway; the heat, lack of water and absence of medical care made this work site one of the most feared in the protectorate.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish Community of VišegradShoah
Višegrad · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The few Jewish families of Višegrad, on the Drina, are arrested by the Ustaše authorities and led to the camps where they disappear.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of ZenicaShoah
Zenica · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Jews of Zenica are dispossessed of their workshops and businesses, then arrested and handed over to the camps opened by the Ustashi regime.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of TravnikShoah
Travnik · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Sephardic families of Travnik, established there for generations, are rounded up by the Ustaša authorities and led to the camps of the new regime.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of VukovarShoah
Vukovar · Croatie
The Jewish families of Vukovar, on the Danube, are plundered then rounded up by Ustaše authorities and directed to the camps of the new regime.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Shootings of KrytchawShoah
Krytchaw · Biélorussie
On the banks of the Soj, the Jews of Krytchaw are confined to a closed quarter in the first weeks, then led outside the town and shot.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Foum Defla CampShoah
Foum Defla · Maroc
The testimonies collected at liberation describe hunger, the cartload of stones to fill each day, and the dungeon dug into the ground for those who could not manage it.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Tendrara campShoah
Tendrara · Maroc
The camp is one of the links in the railway project launched by Vichy in the east of the protectorate; Jewish internees rub shoulders there with Spanish Republicans and political prisoners.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
Ghetto of Mohyliv-PodilskyiShoah
Mohyliv-Podilskyi · Ukraine
Gateway for convoys from Bukovina, the town becomes the largest ghetto in the region; a committee of deportees organizes workshops and a makeshift hospital there, which save part of the imprisoned.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Shootings of KuldigaShoah
Kuldiga · Lettonie
The community of Kuldiga, in Courland, is destroyed over the summer; the inhabitants are led out of the town and shot in a nearby forest.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Mărculești transit campShoah
Mărculești · Moldavie
The town, emptied of its own Jewish inhabitants shot in the first days, becomes the main gathering camp for Jews of Bessarabia before their crossing of the Dniestr: tens of thousands of people transit through barracks without water or roof, and hunger, typhus and executions cause a great number of deaths.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of RumaShoah
Ruma · Serbie
The community of Ruma, in Syrmia, is subjected to Ustaše racial decrees from the first weeks, then rounded up and taken to internment sites of the new State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Bossuet campShoah
Bossuet · Algérie
The camp receives administrative detainees and foreign Jewish workers; the liberation of its prisoners drags on long after the Allied landing.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Loborgrad CampShoah
Loborgrad · Croatie
Ustaše camp for Jewish and Serbian women and children, installed in a castle; the detainees are then sent to Auschwitz.
Toll plusieurs centaines
1941
Pryluky shootingsShoah
Pryluky · Ukraine
The community of Pryluky, in the Poltava region, is destroyed shortly after occupation; some inhabitants had managed to flee eastward before the front arrived.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of ViroviticaShoah
Virovitica · Croatie
The Jews of Virovitica lose their shops to commissioners appointed by the Ustaše regime, then are arrested and sent to internment sites.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Bauska shootingsShoah
Bauska · Lettonie
The Jews of Bauska, at the confluence of the Moussa and the Memel, are gathered then shot in the woods of the surrounding area shortly after the entry of German troops.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of VinkovciShoah
Vinkovci · Croatie
The Jews of Vinkovci, in western Syrmia, are stripped by racial decrees, then arrested in successive waves and sent to the camps of the Ustaše regime.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Census and numerus clausus in TunisiaShoah
Tunisie
A beylic decree orders the census of property and limits access to the liberal professions; public schools admit only a small proportion of Jewish students.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Forced labor of Bulgarian JewsShoah
Sofia · Bulgarie
Jewish men from Bulgaria are placed in labor battalions and employed on roads and railways, far from home, during the years of alliance with the Reich.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of Sremska MitrovicaShoah
Sremska Mitrovica · Serbie
As Syrmia had been assigned to the Ustaša state, the Jews of Sremska Mitrovica were stripped of their possessions, arrested and sent to camps opened by the new regime.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Berguent campShoah
Berguent · Maroc
The camp receives Jewish internees from Central Europe; its regulations, forced labor and corporal punishments are denounced after the war by those who came out of it.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Arrest and execution of the Jews of SmederevoShoah
Smederevo · Serbie
The Jewish men of Smederevo are registered then shot as part of German reprisals in Serbia; the families are then interned near the capital.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of SisakShoah
Sisak · Croatie
The Jews of Sisak are subjected to racial decrees in the first weeks of the Ustaši regime, then arrested and led to camps opened downstream of the Save.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
Ghetto of ŠiauliaiShoah
Šiauliai · Lituanie
Third city of Lithuania, Šiauliai sees its community confined to two quarters; children are removed from it during a separate action, and the last survivors are deported westward as the front approaches.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of Sanski MostShoah
Sanski Most · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Jewish families of Sanski Most are arrested by Ustaše authorities along with other residents targeted by the regime, and driven to the camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
PonaryShoah
Ponary (Vilnius) · Lituanie
Mass shootings.
Toll ~70 000 Juifs
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of BijeljinaShoah
Bijeljina · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The community of Bijeljina, in Sembar, is stripped then arrested by the Ustaše regime and directed towards the internment sites of Slavonia.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Rahatchow ShootingsShoah
Rahatchow · Biélorussie
The open ghetto in Rahatchow, at the confluence of the Dniepr and the Droutz, is liquidated before winter; inhabitants are led in groups to pits on the outskirts.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of Banja LukaShoah
Banja Luka · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The largest community in northern Bosnia was despoiled from the first Ustaša decrees, then arrested and taken to the camps of the new State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of PrijedorShoah
Prijedor · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Jews of Prijedor, in northwestern Bosnia, are stripped and then arrested by Ustaše authorities and sent to internment sites.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Persecution and arrest of the Jews of MostarShoah
Mostar · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Mostar community benefits for a time from the Italian presence in Herzegovina, before being hunted down when the region comes back under German and Ustaša control.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Transit camp of EdinețShoah
Edineț · Moldavie
Jews rounded up in the north of the province are penned in the ruins of the hamlet, without shelter or provisions, awaiting convoys to the east; reports from the time describe daily deaths from exhaustion and summary executions at the camp's edges.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1941
Internment and shooting of the Jews of NišShoah
Niš · Serbie
The Jewish families of the city are locked in the Red Cross camp, then the men are shot on the hill overlooking the valley and the women and children led to the fairground camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
The Jews of the Ljubljana provinceShoah
Ljubljana · Slovénie
The part of Slovenia annexed by Italy serves as a refuge for Jews from Croatia and Bosnia; after the Italian armistice, the region comes under German control and arrests resume there.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Camp of the KreiderShoah
Le Kreider · Algérie
Installed near a salt lake of southern Oran, the camp grouped foreign Jewish workers assigned to maintain the railway and neighbouring salt works.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Labor camp of Bou ArfaShoah
Bou Arfa · Maroc
Foreign Jews interned in Morocco are assigned to the Trans-Saharan railway project; the camp operates under military discipline in a stone desert, on measured bread and water.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of TuzlaShoah
Tuzla · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Jews of Tuzla, Sephardim and Ashkenazim mingled, lose their property and rights, then are rounded up by Ustaše authorities and sent to camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Konotop shootingsShoah
Konotop · Ukraine
A town of railway workshops in north-eastern Ukraine, Konotop sees its Jewish population gathered in autumn and shot at the edge of pits prepared in advance.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Work camp of Oued ZemShoah
Oued Zem · Maroc
The camp housed groups of foreign workers, mostly Jewish refugees from Europe, employed in public works under the supervision of the Legion.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Executions of DelatynShoah
Delatyn · Ukraine
Town in the foothills of the Carpathians, Delatyn sees its Jews gathered in the square then taken to a nearby quarry where they are shot in waves throughout the autumn.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1942
Shootings of BabrouïskShoah
Babrouïsk · Biélorussie
The Jews of Babrouïsk are locked in two ghettos then shot in the ditches of an old fortress and on the outskirts of the city.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Shootings in BohouslavShoah
Bohouslav · Ukraine
In this town on the banks of the Ros, the community of Bohouslav is shot in a ravine nearby; the locality had already been struck by civil war pogroms.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Shootings of JēkabpilsShoah
Jēkabpils · Lettonie
The Jews of Jēkabpils and Krustpils, the two cities facing each other across the Daugava, are rounded up in the first weeks of occupation and shot in nearby woods by German units and by the Latvian auxiliary guard.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
été 1941
Raseiniai shootingsShoah
Raseiniai · Lituanie
The community is destroyed in several waves: the men first, in July, then the women and children in late summer, all shot in woods near the city by a mobile detachment supported by auxiliaries recruited locally.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of Slavonski BrodShoah
Slavonski Brod · Croatie
The city on the Save lost its community within months: shops confiscated, men sent to forced labor, families rounded up and handed over to Ustaše camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
Sharhorod GhettoShoah
Sharhorod · Ukraine
A town in Podolia where deportees from Bukovina are crammed in with the local Jewish population; a typhus epidemic claims hundreds of people during the first winter.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of Nova GradiškaShoah
Nova Gradiška · Croatie
The community of Nova Gradiška is rounded up in the first months of the Ustaše regime and taken to the nearby camp opened on the bank of the Save.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of KoprivnicaShoah
Koprivnica · Croatie
The community of Koprivnica, at the borders of Podravina, is despoiled and then rounded up by Ustaše authorities and directed toward camps of the new State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of RogaticaShoah
Rogatica · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The small Sephardic community of Rogatica is rounded up in the first months of the Ustaša regime and handed over to camps opened in Slavonia.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of DobojShoah
Doboj · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The small community of Doboj, at the railway junction in northern Bosnia, is rounded up by Ustachi authorities and taken to the camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of DerventaShoah
Derventa · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The Jews of Derventa lose their possessions to the commissioners of the Ustaše regime, then are arrested and sent to places of internment.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of BrčkoShoah
Brčko · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The community of Brčko, on the Sava, is despoiled then rounded up by Ustaše authorities and directed towards the camps of the new State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Djelfa internment campShoah
Djelfa · Algérie
On the highlands, the internal camp for foreigners and opponents, among them many Jews; the winters are harsh there and the barracks poorly sealed.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1943
Kenadsa Mining CampShoah
Kenadsa · Algérie
The internees are employed in the depths of the coal mine that supplies the Southern Line; dust, cave-ins and lack of medical care mark the accounts of survivors.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Destruction of the Jewish community of DaruvarShoah
Daruvar · Croatie
The small community of Daruvar, in western Slavonia, is rounded up by Ustaše authorities and taken to the camps where its members disappear.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1945
Ustaše campsShoah
Croatie (Jadovno, Jasenovac, Đakovo, Loborgrad, Stara Gradiška) · Croatie
Jadovno (~2,500 Jews), Jasenovac (20,000–25,000 Jews among ~90,000 victims), Đakovo, Loborgrad, Stara Gradiška.
Toll ~25 000 Juifs
1941
Forced return of the Jews of Casablanca to the mellahShoah
Casablanca · Maroc
Families settled outside the Jewish quarter receive orders to return; the mellah, already overcrowded, absorbs thousands of people driven from the European quarters of the city.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of ZemunShoah
Zemun · Serbie
Attached to the Ustaše State, the city neighbouring the capital sees its Jews arrested, then interned in the camp set up on the other side of the Sava, on the fairground.
Toll bilan non établi
1941
Annihilation of the Jewish community of BihaćShoah
Bihać · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The community of Bihać, in the Krajina, was rounded up by the Ustaše regime in the first months and led to the camps of the new State.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1945
Jasenovac CampShoah
Jasenovac · Croatie
The largest Ustaša camp, where Serbs, Jews and Roma are murdered; it operates until April 1945.
Toll 20 000-25 000 Juifs
janv. 1941
Mandatory census of Jews in the NetherlandsShoah
Pays-Bas
The occupant imposes the registration of every person of Jewish descent; the file will serve for deportations.
Toll bilan non établi
21-23 janv. 1941
Bucharest PogromShoah
Bucarest · Roumanie
Iron Guard Pogrom
Toll ~125 morts
23 janv. 1941
Law for the Defence of the NationShoah
Bulgarie
The Bulgarian Assembly votes a law modelled on the Nuremberg texts: definition of Jews, quotas, prohibition of professions, mixed marriage and property ownership; the Orthodox Church and some deputies protest without succeeding in having it repealed.
Toll bilan non établi
févr. 1941
Expulsion of the Jews of ŻyrardówShoah
Żyrardów · Pologne
Working-class city of Mazovia whose Jews were expelled in winter to the Warsaw ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
févr. 1941
Expulsion of the Jews of Góra KalwariaShoah
Góra Kalwaria · Pologne
Seat of the Hasidic court of Ger, whose community is expelled in winter to the Warsaw ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
févr. 1941
Expulsion of the Jews of GrójecShoah
Grójec · Pologne
City of orchards south of Warsaw, whose community is driven in winter to the great ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
févr. 1941
Expulsion of the Jews of SochaczewShoah
Sochaczew · Pologne
City on the Bzura whose community is driven in winter toward the Warsaw ghetto, where most will die.
Toll bilan non établi
11 févr. 1941
Clashes in the Jewish quarter of AmsterdamShoah
Amsterdam, quartier juif · Pays-Bas
Dutch groups loyal to the occupier attack the old Jewish quarter of Amsterdam; one attacker is mortally wounded.
Toll bilan non établi
22-25 févr. 1941
Roundup of Amsterdam and February strikeShoah
Amsterdam · Pays-Bas
First roundup in the Netherlands: 425 young men are sent to Mauthausen, almost none of whom will return. The general strike triggered in solidarity is suppressed.
Toll 425 déportés
avril 1941
Arrest and deportation of Jews from ZrenjaninShoah
Zrenjanin · Serbie
Capital of the Banat placed under German administration, Zrenjanin sees its Jews arrested in the summer following the invasion and transferred to open camps near the capital.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1941
Persecution and deportation of the Jews of ČakovecShoah
Čakovec · Croatie
With Međimurje annexed by Hungary, the Jews of Čakovec were subjected to Hungarian laws, forced labor, then the ghetto and summer convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1941
Persecution and deportation of Jews from SentaShoah
Senta · Serbie
The Jews of Senta, on the Tisa, come under Hungarian administration, lose their property and occupations, then are concentrated and deported with the entire province.
Toll bilan non établi
avr. 1941
Racial Laws of the Ustaše StateShoah
Zagreb · Croatie
A few days after the proclamation of the Independent State of Croatia, decrees define the Jews, seize their property and impose a badge on them; arrests begin immediately in the capital.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1941
Persecution and deportation of the Jews of SuboticaShoah
Subotica · Serbie
Hungarian occupation of Bačka strikes the largest Jewish community in the province: forced labor, plunder, then departure for the convoys of summer after the entry of German troops into Hungary.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1941
Persecution and deportation of the Jews of BečejShoah
Bečej · Serbie
The community of Bečej experiences the fate of annexed Bačka: exclusion, requisition of men for labor, then gathering and departure eastward in early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
avr. 1941
The Jews of Bitola under Bulgarian occupationShoah
Bitola · Macédoine du Nord
Macedonia comes under Bulgarian administration and the Jews of Bitola, one of the oldest Sephardic communities in the Balkans, are stripped of their businesses and denied nationality; they will be deported two years later.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1941
Persecution and deportation of Jews from SomborShoah
Sombor · Serbie
The Sombor community first endured Hungarian laws and labor companies, before being assembled in a ghetto and then directed toward convoys leaving Bačka.
Toll bilan non établi
14 avr. 1941
Pogrom of AntwerpShoah
Anvers · Belgique
Activists loyal to the occupier set fire to two synagogues in Antwerp and plunder the Jewish quarter.
Toll bilan non établi
16 avr. 1941
Destruction of the Sarajevo synagoguesShoah
Sarajevo · Bosnie-Herzégovine
The great Sephardic temple of Sarajevo was ransacked and burned upon the entry of German troops; the books and ritual objects of Bosnia's oldest community were destroyed or dispersed.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1941
Internment at the Pithiviers campShoah
Pithiviers · France
Camp in the Loiret opened by the green ticket roundup, from which the first convoys left France for Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1941
Internment at the Beaune-la-Rolande campShoah
Beaune-la-Rolande · France
Second camp in the Loiret opened by the green ticket roundup, antechamber to convoys toward Upper Silesia.
Toll bilan non établi
Mai 1941
Pogrom de GabèsShoah
Gabès (Tunisie) · Tunisie
Le quartier juif est attaqué pendant deux jours par une foule armée, maisons et boutiques pillées, avant que la troupe ne rétablisse l'ordre.
Toll ~20
14 mai 1941
Green card roundupShoah
Paris (billet vert) · France
Foreign Jews summoned by a green card are arrested in Paris and interned in Loiret.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1941
Second roundup of Amsterdam and Schoorl campShoah
Amsterdam, quartier sud · Pays-Bas
Young Jews arrested in southern Amsterdam pass through Schoorl camp before Mauthausen.
Toll bilan non établi
1-2 juin 1941
FarhoudShoah
Bagdad · Irak
Pogrom in Baghdad, at Shavuot 1941.
Toll 179-180 morts (jusqu'à 600 selon certaines estimations)
24 juin 1941
Shooting of GargždaiShoah
Gargždai · Lituanie
On the third day of the invasion, a unit of the security police from Tilsit crosses the border and shoots the Jewish men of the town beside a pit dug near the cemetery; the execution is considered one of the first mass killings of the Shoah by bullets.
Toll ~200 morts
25-26 juin 1941
Kretinga ShootingShoah
Kretinga · Lituanie
The same border unit, supported by local auxiliaries, gathers the Jewish men of the city and shoots them in a neighboring wood; the women and children will be killed in the following weeks.
Toll ~200 morts
25-29 juin 1941
Kaunas PogromShoah
Kaunas · Lituanie
Lietūkis garage pogrom, VII fort
Toll ~3 800 morts
27 juin 1941
Burning of the Great Synagogue of BiałystokShoah
Białystok · Pologne
~700-800 Jews burned in the Great Synagogue.
Toll ~2 000 au total
28-30 juin 1941
Pogrom of IașiShoah
Iași · Roumanie
Pogrom and 'death trains'.
Toll ~13 000 morts
30 juin – 27 juill. 1941
Pogroms of LwówShoah
Lwów · Ukraine
Pogrom of June 30 – July 2, then « Petliura days » (July 25–27).
Toll ~6 000 morts
30 juin – 2 juill. 1941
Massacre at Lutsk castleShoah
Loutsk · Ukraine
Jewish men from the town are gathered at Lubart castle and then executed by the Einsatzkommando.
Toll ~2 000
Juill. 1941
Massacres of PodlachieShoah
Podlachie (Wąsosz, Radziłów, Jedwabne, Szczuczyn, Tykocin) · Pologne
Wąsosz (5 July), Radziłów (7 July, ~600–800), Jedwabne (10 July, 340–1,600), Szczuczyn, Tykocin (Aug., ~1,400).
Toll plusieurs milliers
juillet 1941
Massacre of KelmeShoah
Kelme · Lituanie
A town in Samogitia where the community maintained its yeshiva, Kelme sees its men taken first and then, a few weeks later, the women and children led to the nearby woods and shot.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1941
Pogrom of ZolochivShoah
Zolochiv · Ukraine
Pogrom triggered by the arrival of the Germans; Jews are forced to exhume the bodies of NKVD prisoners before being massacred.
Toll ~3 000
Été 1941
Massacre of LudzaShoah
Ludza · Lettonie
The community of one of the oldest towns in Latgale, whose wooden synagogue had spanned two centuries, is shot in the woods bordering the lakes.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
Juill. 1941
Pogroms of the invasion and deportations to TransnistriaShoah
Galicie orientale, Bucovine, Bessarabie · Ukraine, Roumanie, Moldavie
Pogroms in Ternopil, Zolochiv, Czernowitz, Kichinev, Bălți… then deportations to Transnistria.
Toll 150 000-250 000 morts au total
Juill. 1941
Massacre of SzczuczynShoah
Szczuczyn · Pologne
The Jews of the town are murdered by the local population in the days following the Soviet withdrawal.
Toll environ 300
juillet 1941
Massacre of KhotynShoah
Khotyn · Ukraine
Fortress city on the Dniestr retaken by Romanian troops, Khotyn sees its Jews accused of collusion with the previous occupant, some shot on the spot and the rest driven onto the roads of expulsion.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1941
Massacre of HertaShoah
Herta · Roumanie
A small town on the Bukovinian frontier returned to Romanian administration, Herta sees its Jews accused of welcoming the previous occupant, beaten, plundered and partly shot before the expulsion of the rest.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1941
Massacre of SorocaShoah
Soroca · Moldavie
City of the Dniestr fortress, Soroca saw its community delivered to the violence of reconquest, then gathered and led to the crossing points of the river for deportation.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1941
Ventspils shootingsShoah
Ventspils · Lettonie
The Jews of Windau are shot in the nearby woods; the town is declared 'free of Jews' by summer.
Toll la communauté entière
Été 1941
Massacre of KrāslavaShoah
Krāslava · Lettonie
On the banks of the Daugava, the community of the small border town is annihilated in the months following the entry of German troops.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
juillet 1941
Briceni massacreShoah
Briceni · Moldavie
Town in northern Bessarabia whose population was almost entirely Jewish, Briceni sees its inhabitants plundered and massacred in the first days of reconquest, survivors being driven toward transit camps.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill.-août 1941
Destruction of the Jelgava communityShoah
Jelgava · Lettonie
The great synagogue is set ablaze and the Jewish community of Mitau is shot by the Einsatzgruppen and Lithuanian auxiliary police in the weeks following the occupation.
Toll la communauté entière
Juill. 1941
Czernowitz Pogrom and GhettoShoah
Czernowitz · Roumanie
The entry of Romanian and German troops into Bucovina is accompanied by pogroms; a ghetto is opened in October and the population deported to Transnistria.
Toll ~2 000 puis ~28 000 déportés
Juill. 1941
Vileïka shootingsShoah
Vileïka · Biélorussie
The Jewish men of the city are shot in the first weeks of occupation, before the rest of the population is confined to a ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Shootings of TukumsShoah
Tukums · Lettonie
Capital of Courland where the community was ancient, Tukums sees its Jews arrested in the first weeks of occupation, detained then shot in the surroundings by auxiliary units.
Toll bilan non établi
Juil.-août 1941
Massacre of JonavaShoah
Jonava · Lituanie
The community of the small forest town, one of the oldest in the country, is led by convoys to Girelė woods and shot; only the memory of its study houses survives from its religious life.
Toll ~2 000 morts
juillet 1941
Expulsion and deportation of the Jews of VaraždinShoah
Varaždin · Croatie
Varaždin is one of the first cities that the Ustaše state declares emptied of its Jews: the community is driven out in a matter of weeks, then sent to the camps of the new regime.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1941
Bălți MassacresShoah
Bălți · Moldavie
Jews of the city were assembled, shot in groups, then survivors were sent to Transnistria.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Juill.-août 1941
Ghetto of KishinevShoah
Kichinev · Moldavie
After the massacres at the outbreak of war, the survivors are locked in a ghetto and then deported to Transnistria.
Toll ~10 000
Juil.-août 1941
Massacre of RēzekneShoah
Rēzekne · Lettonie
The community of the capital of Latgale is shot in waves at the Ančupāni hills, at the edge of the city, by local auxiliaries led by the security police.
Toll ~2 000 morts
Juil.-août 1941
Massacre of TelšiaiShoah
Telšiai · Lituanie
The Jewish men of the city are shot in the Rainiai woods; the women and children, penned in the Geruliai camp, are killed at the end of summer. A handful of young girls spared for work will be shot on the shore of Lake Masčio.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
3 juil. 1941
Shooting of JurbarkasShoah
Jurbarkas · Lituanie
On the banks of the Neman, the Jewish men of the town are led to the Jewish cemetery and shot after being forced to demolish the synagogue.
Toll ~320 morts
4 juill. 1941
Fire in the synagogues of RigaShoah
Riga · Lettonie
The great choral synagogue is set on fire with Jews locked inside; the other synagogues in the city burn the same day.
Toll ~400
4-6 juill. 1941
Ternopil PogromShoah
Ternopil · Ukraine
After the discovery of bodies of prisoners executed by the NKVD, the population and the Germans attack the Jewish quarter for three days.
Toll ~5 000
5 juill. 1941
Massacre of WąsoszShoah
Wąsosz · Pologne
Jews of the town were murdered by Polish neighbors with bars and axes, a few days after the arrival of the Germans.
Toll ~250
7 juill. 1941
Radziłów MassacreShoah
Radziłów · Pologne
The Jews of the village are locked in a barn and burned alive, three days before Jedwabne.
Toll ~600-800
10 juill. 1941
Massacre of JedwabneShoah
Jedwabne · Pologne
The Jews of the town were gathered on the square then locked in a barn and burned alive by their Polish neighbors.
Toll 340 à 1 600
12-15 juil. 1941
Massacre of PlungėShoah
Plungė · Lituanie
First confined in the synagogue and in barns, the entire community is led in groups to the place called Kaušėnai, at the edge of the city, and shot at the edge of pits prepared in advance.
Toll ~1 800 morts
août 1941
Massacre of SeduvaShoah
Seduva · Lituanie
A small town on the Lithuanian plain, Seduva sees its Jews locked in barns then led in several stages to the Liaudiskiai forest, where the shootings are spread over the summer.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1941
Kobryn shootingsShoah
Kobryn · Biélorussie
The Jewish men of the town are rounded up and shot, the ghetto is established in the aftermath.
Toll plusieurs centaines
août 1941
Arrest and transfer of Jews from VršacShoah
Vršac · Serbie
The small community of Vršac is arrested along with all the Jews of the Banat and directed toward the camps where they will be murdered in the following months.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Prienai ShootingsShoah
Prienai · Lituanie
On the bank of the Niemen, the Prienai community is driven out of the town and shot in the summer, with the help of auxiliaries recruited locally.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Massacre of TelenestiShoah
Telenesti · Moldavie
Town of central Bessarabia whose community lived by fairs and trades, Telenesti saw its Jews delivered to summer violence then gathered for expulsion across the left bank of the Dniestr.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
The Topovske Šupe campShoah
Belgrade · Serbie
Jewish men from Belgrade and the Banat are locked up in former artillery barracks in the city, from where they are taken in groups to firing squad sites in the surrounding area under cover of reprisals.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1941
Shootings of DubnoShoah
Doubno · Ukraine
First major shootings in the town, continued until the liquidation of the ghetto in October 1942.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Août-nov. 1941
Massacres of DaugavpilsShoah
Daugavpils · Lettonie
Mass shootings.
Toll ~14 000
août 1941
Arrest and transfer of Jews from PančevoShoah
Pančevo · Serbie
The Jews of Pančevo, like all those of the Banat, are rounded up by German occupation authorities and taken to internment camps in the Belgrade region.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1941
Massacre of the children of Bila TserkvaShoah
Bila Tserkva · Ukraine
After the shooting of adult Jews in the city, ninety children left without parents are held for several days in a house then shot; two military chaplains alert the command, which allows it to happen.
Toll 90 enfants
août 1941
Second statute: census and numerus clausus in MoroccoShoah
Maroc
A new dahir orders the census of Jewish persons and property, caps access to liberal professions and forbids Jewish children French schools outside the mellah.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1941
Ghetto and shootings of SmolenskShoah
Smolensk · Russie
The Jews of the city are confined to the Sadki suburb and then shot in the summer of 1942.
Toll ~2 000
Août 1941
Shootings of KremenetsShoah
Kremenets · Ukraine
The Jews of the town are shot in waves; the ghetto is liquidated in August 1942.
Toll plusieurs milliers
été 1941
Floresti Transit CampShoah
Floresti · Moldavie
Borough of northern Bessarabia transformed into a gathering place, Floresti sees convoys from the countryside crammed in, where hunger and arbitrary executions reduce the columns before crossing the river.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Shootings of CzortkowShoah
Czortkow · Ukraine
Capital of Galician Podolia where the community held its schools and its hassidic court, Czortkow sees its men assembled in the first weeks of occupation, taken out of the city and shot, then the survivors locked in a closed district.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Expulsion of Jews from the BanatShoah
Banat · Serbie
Communities of the Banat, administered by the German minority in the region, were arrested and taken to Belgrade, where men were imprisoned in the Topovske Šupe camp and families directed to the fair camp.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Second Status and School Numerus Clausus in AlgeriaShoah
Algérie
After the repeal of the Crémieux decree, a new law limits to a small proportion the access of Jewish children to public schools; thousands of students are expelled at the start of the school year.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Arrest and Transfer of Jews from KikindaShoah
Kikinda · Serbie
The Jewish inhabitants of Kikinda are expelled from the province by order of the German administration of the Banat and handed over to the occupation authorities of Serbia.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Expulsion of Jews from OrheiShoah
Orhei · Moldavie
District capital of central Bessarabia, Orhei sees its Jews arrested, stripped of their possessions and concentrated before being transported in stages toward the left bank of the Dniester.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1941
Pinsk shootingsShoah
Pinsk · Biélorussie
Mass shootings of August 1941.
Toll ~10 000 fusillés
août 1941
Opening of Drancy campShoah
Drancy · France
The unfinished city of La Muette becomes the camp from which almost all convoys from France depart eastward.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Kalusz shootingsShoah
Kalusz · Ukraine
A town in the salt mines of eastern Galicia, Kalusz sees its notables and young men gathered on the pretext of work, taken out of the built-up area and shot; the rest of the community is locked up shortly after.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Massacre of RezinaShoah
Rezina · Moldavie
Borough of the Dniestr valley, Rezina sees its Jewish population victim of the columns going up the right bank, part shot at the edge of the river and the rest driven toward the passages of deportation.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Shootings of Novohrad-VolynskyïShoah
Novohrad-Volynskyï · Ukraine
Former Zviahel of Hasidic chronicles, the city loses its community in the first weeks of occupation; men are taken first, women and children follow.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Pogrom and shootings of ZloczowShoah
Zloczow · Ukraine
The entry of German troops into eastern Galicia is accompanied in Zloczow by an onslaught against the Jews of the city, accused of crimes discovered in the prison; mass arrests and shootings at the castle continue in the following months.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1941
Talsi ShootingsShoah
Talsi · Lettonie
A small town in the Courland hills, Talsi sees its Jewish population gathered, detained in town buildings then taken into the woods where it is shot, Courland being declared emptied as early as summer.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1941
Anyksciai shootingsShoah
Anyksciai · Lituanie
The Jews of Anyksciai and surrounding villages are locked in stables on the outskirts of the town, then led in groups to a wood where they are shot.
Toll bilan non établi
4 août 1941
Shootings of OstrogShoah
Ostrog · Ukraine
The Jews of the city are taken out of the city and shot in pits prepared in advance.
Toll ~3 000
8 août 1941
Shooting of BiržaiShoah
Biržai · Lituanie
The Jews of the town, confined for weeks in a barn and in the synagogue, are led in columns toward the forest of Pakamponys, where ditches were dug the day before by requisitioned peasants; men, women and children are shot there in the same day by the mobile detachment and its local auxiliaries.
Toll ~2 400 morts
9 août 1941
Massacre of PreiļiShoah
Preiļi · Lettonie
The Jews of the town, held for several weeks in barns, are driven to a nearby grove and shot, entire families included.
Toll ~1 500 morts
15-16 août 1941
Massacre of RokiškisShoah
Rokiškis · Lituanie
The mobile unit of the Hamann commando shoots in two days the Jews of the town and neighbouring hamlets, men, women and children alike; the commando chief's report counts them line by line.
Toll ~3 200 morts
20-25 août 1941
Roundup in the 11th arrondissementShoah
Paris (XIe arrondissement) · France
The neighbourhood is sealed off and its Jewish inhabitants arrested, then taken to the Cité de la Muette in Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
23 août 1941
Panevėžys MassacreShoah
Panevėžys · Lituanie
In a single day, in the Pajuostė woods, the community of one of the country's great cities is annihilated; it is the deadliest day recorded in the commando's report.
Toll ~7 500 morts
25-26 août 1941
Massacre of TykocinShoah
Tykocin · Pologne
The entire community, one of the oldest in Podlachia, is driven into the Łopuchowo forest and shot over two days.
Toll ~1 400
25 août 1941
Obeliai shootingShoah
Obeliai · Lituanie
The community of the small border town, swollen with Jews rounded up from neighboring farms, is annihilated in one morning at the edge of pits dug in a nearby wood; the auxiliary police of the district lend a hand.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
26 août 1941
Massacre of ZarasaiShoah
Zarasai · Lituanie
The Jews of the town of lakes and surrounding localities are gathered and then shot in a single day, with a few political prisoners added to the column.
Toll ~2 500 morts
26-28 août 1941
Kamianets-Podilskyi MassacreShoah
Kamianets-Podilskyi · Ukraine
Mass shooting, including ~16,000 Jews expelled from Hungary.
Toll 23 600 fusillés
26 août 1941
Shooting of KaišiadorysShoah
Kaišiadorys · Lituanie
The Jews of the town, grouped since July in a closed quarter, are led toward a nearby woods and shot the same day as those of several towns in the district; the commando's report records the operation as a routine task.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
26 août 1941
Pasvalys shootingShoah
Pasvalys · Lituanie
Gathered on the pretext of a transfer, the Jews of Pasvalys are led to the Žadeikiai forest and shot in small groups; the shooters are a detachment from Kaunas and men from the local police, and the operation is timed to take place in a single day.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
28 août 1941
Massacre of KėdainiaiShoah
Kėdainiai · Lituanie
The community of the town on the Nevėžis, known for its market gardeners and study house, is led outside the walls and shot in one day.
Toll ~2 000 morts
29 août 1941
Massacre of Utena and MolėtaiShoah
Utena et Molėtai · Lituanie
The two neighbouring communities are annihilated on the same day by the mobile unit; the path leading from the town to the pit is today marked with stones bearing the names of families.
Toll ~3 800 morts
septembre 1941
Shootings of PolonneShoah
Polonne · Ukraine
The community of Polonne, one of the oldest in Volhynia, is destroyed in the autumn; the town had already been devastated during the uprisings of the seventeenth century.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Vilkaviskis ShootingsShoah
Vilkaviskis · Lituanie
Suvalkija border town, Vilkaviskis loses its community in the opening weeks; men are shot first, women and children weeks later.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Massacre of VarenaShoah
Varena · Lituanie
In this village of the pine groves of Dzukija, the Jewish population of Varena is assembled on orders from local auxiliaries, led outside the town, and shot at the edge of prepared pits.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Shootings of TaurageShoah
Taurage · Lituanie
Taurage, whose community was one of the oldest in Samogitia, saw its Jews gathered in barns and then led to the pits in the surrounding area.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Shootings of KalinkavitchyShoah
Kalinkavitchy · Biélorussie
Town in Polesia on the railroad line, Kalinkavitchy sees its community shot in the first months of occupation.
Toll bilan non établi
Automne 1941
Massacre of MazyrShoah
Mazyr · Biélorussie
On the banks of the Pripyat, the community of the town is shot down in waves over the course of autumn and winter; a few families, warned in time, had managed to flee eastward with Soviet administrations.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
Sept. 1941
Mykolaïv ShootingsShoah
Mykolaïv · Ukraine
After the city is taken, Einsatzgruppe D registers and then shoots the Jews of Mykolaïv and neighboring localities in the ravines of the suburbs.
Toll ~5 000
automne 1941
Bykhaw ShootingsShoah
Bykhaw · Biélorussie
A city on the Dniepr whose fortified synagogue testified to the antiquity of the community, Bykhaw sees its Jews penned up and then led to the neighboring ravine, where shootings repeated throughout the autumn.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Shootings of HaïssynShoah
Haïssyn · Ukraine
The Jews of Haïssyn and neighboring hamlets are gathered and then shot; the survivors are compelled to work on the road that crosses Podolia.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Shootings of PervomaïskShoah
Pervomaïsk · Ukraine
On the southern Bug, the Jews of Pervomaïsk are gathered under the pretext of a census and then shot outside the city, along with refugees from the west.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1941
Baranovitchi ShootingsShoah
Baranovitchi · Biélorussie
Repeated shootings in the Grabovets pits, until the liquidation of the ghetto in December 1942.
Toll plusieurs milliers
septembre 1941
Korosten ShootingsShoah
Korosten · Ukraine
The Korosten community, a railway hub of Jytomyrchtchyna, is gathered shortly after German troops enter and shot in a ravine near the railway line.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1941
Massacres in the Vinnytsia regionShoah
Vinnytsia · Ukraine
Mass shootings in the region.
Toll ~28 000
automne 1941
Shootings of ToropetsShoah
Toropets · Russie
An old merchant town of the lakes between Velikié Louki and Rjev, Toropets sees the Jews remaining on site arrested in the first days of the occupation, detained then shot on the edge of the town.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1941
Shootings of BoguslavShoah
Boguslav · Ukraine
City in the Ros valley where the community was ancient and numerous, Boguslav sees its Jews summoned under the pretext of a census, led out of the city and shot at the edge of pre-dug pits.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1941
Kirovohrad ShootingsShoah
Kirovohrad · Ukraine
The Jews of Ielyzavethrad-Kirovohrad are gathered and shot by an Einsatzgruppe C commando.
Toll plusieurs milliers
sept. 1941
Roundup of the Jews of TwenteShoah
Twente · Pays-Bas
Jewish men from the Twente region are arrested and sent to Mauthausen.
Toll bilan non établi
1er sept. 1941
Massacre of MarijampolėShoah
Marijampolė · Lituanie
On the banks of the Šešupė river, the community of the town and those of the towns of Sudūva are shot down in a single day, along with the sick from a nearby hospice.
Toll ~5 000 morts
1ᵉʳ sept. 1941
Mandatory wearing of the yellow starShoah
Reich allemand · Allemagne
A decree requires every Jew over six years old to wear the yellow star sewn onto his clothing, starting September 19.
Toll —
5 sept. 1941
Massacre of UkmergėShoah
Ukmergė · Lituanie
The community of the town, one of the largest in the province, is shot in the Pivonija woods, men, women and children on the same day.
Toll ~4 700 morts
7 septembre 1941
Shooting of KupiškisShoah
Kupiškis · Lituanie
After six weeks of confinement in barns and stables, the community is led out of the city and shot; the few men retained for work are killed shortly after, and not a single Jew remains in the district.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
9 sept. 1941
Massacre of ButrimonysShoah
Butrimonys · Lituanie
The small community of the town, whose market square gathered the surrounding villages, is annihilated in one morning.
Toll ~740 morts
9 sept. 1941
Massacre of AlytusShoah
Alytus · Lituanie
What remained of the community, after summer arrests, is led to the Vidzgiris woods, above the Niemen, and shot.
Toll ~1 300 morts
10 sept. 1941
Massacre of MerkinėShoah
Merkinė · Lituanie
At the confluence of the Neman and the Merkys, the Jews of the town are led out of the locality and shot; the old Jewish cemetery remained the sole witness to their presence.
Toll ~850 morts
12-14 septembre 1941
Massacre of DubossaryShoah
Dubossary · Ukraine
The community of this city on the Dniestr, one of the oldest in the region, is annihilated in three days: the inhabitants are locked in barns then led in columns to anti-tank ditches, where a mobile detachment and gendarmes who came with the occupier's allied army shoot them. The city had already experienced a notorious pogrom at the beginning of the century.
Toll ~6 000 morts
15 sept. 1941
Berdychiv massacreShoah
Berdychiv · Ukraine
Mass shooting.
Toll ~12 000
15 sept. 1941
Massacre of BerdytchivShoah
Berdytchiv · Ukraine
The Jews confined in the city's ghetto are led in columns to pits dug near the airfield and shot by Einsatzgruppe C and its auxiliaries; Vassili Grossman's mother was among them.
Toll ~12 000
16-30 sept. 1941
Massacres of Nikolaev and KhersonShoah
Nikolaïev et Kherson · Ukraine
Mass shootings reported in the toll of Einsatzgruppe D.
Toll 35 782
19 sept. 1941
Massacre of JytomyrShoah
Jytomyr · Ukraine
Mass shooting.
Toll ~3 100
21-22 sept. 1941
Shootings of OumanShoah
Ouman · Ukraine
The Jews of the city are gathered then shot by a Sonderkommando of Einsatzgruppe C backed by auxiliary police.
Toll plusieurs milliers
25-27 sept. 1941
Massacre of EišiškėsShoah
Eišiškės · Lituanie
Mass shooting by Einsatzkommando 3, counted in the Jäger report.
Toll 3 446
29-30 sept. 1941
Babi YarShoah
Babi Yar (Kiev) · Ukraine
33,771 shot in two days; ~100,000 victims at the site until 1943.
Toll 33 771 fusillés ; ~100 000 sur le site
30 septembre 1941
Shooting of TrakaiShoah
Trakai · Lituanie
The community of the former capital of the grand dukes, settled there since the Middle Ages, is shot in a nearby wood; the Karaites of the city, held by the occupant to not be Jews, are spared, which ends up separating two centuries-old neighborhoods.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
1941-1943
Destruction of the community of BerezhanyShoah
Berezhany · Ukraine
Shootings at the town's edge, deportations to the extermination camp, then liquidation of the ghetto: the community disappears in less than two years, and the great synagogue is left in ruins.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
oct. 1941
Arrests in ArnhemShoah
Arnhem · Pays-Bas
The occupier arrests Jews from Arnhem and Guelders in collective reprisals.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1941
Shootings in BrzezanyShoah
Brzezany · Ukraine
A small town in Galicia where Jewish life had been built around its market and ancient synagogue, Brzezany sees its population registered, then led in columns toward the surrounding woods where pits had been dug.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1941
Kryvyï Rih shootingsShoah
Kryvyï Rih · Ukraine
The Jewish population remaining in the mining basin is shot by Einsatzgruppe C in the weeks following occupation.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Oct. 1941 – 1943
Deportation of the Jews of LuxembourgShoah
Luxembourg
The Jews remaining in the Grand Duchy are regrouped at the Cinqfontaines convent in Ulflingen, then deported to Łódź, Theresienstadt and Auschwitz.
Toll ~700 sur environ 1 300 déportés
Oct. 1941
Shootings of MelitopolShoah
Melitopol · Ukraine
The community remaining in place is shot by Einsatzgruppe D in an anti-tank ditch.
Toll ~2 000
automne 1941
Shootings of NovozybkovShoah
Novozybkov · Russie
A town in the border region of Briansk, Novozybkov sees its Jewish population marked with the distinctive sign, compelled to labor, then taken in a single day to the pits dug apart.
Toll bilan non établi
Automne 1941
Shootings of ChernihivShoah
Tchernihiv · Ukraine
The Jewish community remaining in the city after the occupation is exterminated by successive shootings.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1941
Kremenchuk shootingsShoah
Kremenchouk · Ukraine
The Jews of the town are gathered then shot on the outskirts.
Toll plusieurs milliers
octobre 1941
Deportation of WiznitzShoah
Wiznitz · Roumanie
A Carpathian town in Bukovina, seat of one of the great hassidic courts of Eastern Europe, Wiznitz saw its Jewish population expelled in a few days and conveyed to the camps and ghettos on the left bank of the Dniestr.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1941 – oct. 1942
Deportation of the Jews of ViennaShoah
Vienne · Autriche
The Jews remaining in Vienna are gathered in requisitioned schools then deported by convoys to Łódź, Riga, Minsk, Theresienstadt and murder centers; the Viennese community ceases to exist.
Toll ~45 000 déportés
Oct. 1941
Shootings of ZaporizhzhiaShoah
Zaporijjia · Ukraine
The Jews remaining in the city are shot in the ravines on the outskirts by Einsatzgruppe C.
Toll plusieurs milliers
automne 1941
Rjev ShootingsShoah
Rjev · Russie
A city on the upper Volga held by the occupant for long months, Rjev sees the Jewish inhabitants who remained registered, confined in a building in the center, then shot on the riverbank.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1941
Deportation of SadagoraShoah
Sadagora · Roumanie
Suburb of Czernowitz made famous by the Hasidic dynasty that held its court there, Sadagora was emptied of its Jewish inhabitants during the expulsions ordered in autumn, its synagogue and palace left abandoned.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Briansk ShootingsShoah
Briansk · Russie
City of the forests of the Desna, Briansk saw the Jews remaining there imprisoned and then shot, the region subsequently becoming one of the centers of forest resistance where a few survivors found refuge.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings of OssipovitchiShoah
Ossipovitchi · Biélorussie
Railway hub of central Belarus, Ossipovitchi saw its community gathered near the station, sorted between those employed in the workshops and those taken immediately to the pits.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1941
Shootings of the Jews of Šabac and the Kladovo convoyShoah
Šabac · Serbie
The Jews of the city and Central European refugees blocked for months on the Danube are driven by German troops to the meadows near the Save and shot.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct.-nov. 1941
Shootings of BobrouïskShoah
Bobrouïsk · Biélorussie
Jews of the city and neighboring towns are shot in the pits on the periphery.
Toll ~7 000
octobre 1941
Massacre of KosowShoah
Kosow · Ukraine
Borough of the Carpathians where the hassidim of the local dynasty had their court, Kosow sees its Jewish population gathered in the square then led to the nearby quarry, where the shootings last an entire day.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1941 – mai 1945
Deportation of the Jews of the Protectorate of Bohemia-MoraviaShoah
Bohême-Moravie · Tchéquie
The Jews of the Protectorate are concentrated at Theresienstadt then directed towards the ghettos of the East and extermination centers; very few return.
Toll ~78 000
1941-1944
Bershad GhettoShoah
Bershad (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
The most populous of the ghettos in the occupied province between the Dniestr and the Bug receives tens of thousands of deportees; hunger and epidemics of the first winter carry off a large part, but the community manages to organize itself and part of the deportees survives until liberation.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
octobre 1941
Shooting in UzdaShoah
Uzda · Biélorussie
The community of the small town, confined since summer in a closed quarter, is led out of the city and shot at the edge of a pit; a few craftsmen are held a few weeks longer, then shot in turn.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
octobre 1941
Deportation of StorozynetzShoah
Storozynetz · Roumanie
District capital of southern Bukovina, Storozynetz sees its community assembled by order of the Romanian government, stripped of its property and taken to convoys that cross the Dniester.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Oryol shootingsShoah
Oriol · Russie
A provincial capital on the southern route, Oryol sees the Jewish inhabitants who had been unable to leave registered by order of the occupier, gathered and shot in the ravines on the periphery.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings in ViazmaShoah
Viazma · Russie
City on the Moscow road taken after an encirclement battle, Viazma sees the Jews who could not be evacuated assembled, marked, then shot in the ruins of the city.
Toll bilan non établi
2-3 oct. 1941
Massacre of MogilevShoah
Moguilev · Biélorussie
Mass shooting by Einsatzgruppe B and the order police.
Toll ~2 200
2 octobre 1941
Revolt and shooting of ŽagarėShoah
Žagarė · Lituanie
The Jews from the entire region were concentrated in the small town; on the Day of Atonement, gathered in the market square for a supposed departure, some of them threw themselves at the guards bare-handed. The shooting began in the square itself, then the survivors were finished off in the nearby park. It is one of the rare gestures of collective resistance recorded during the autumn killings.
Toll ~2 200 morts
2-3 oct. 1941
Attacks on the synagogues of ParisShoah
Paris (synagogues) · France
Explosive devices are placed the same night against several Parisian synagogues.
Toll bilan non établi
6 oct. 1941
Massacre of NadvirnaShoah
Nadvirna · Ukraine
At the foot of the Carpathians, the Jews of the town are led to the Bukovynka forest and shot at the edge of pits prepared the day before by requisitioned residents.
Toll ~2 000 morts
7-8 oct. 1941
Massacre of ŠvenčionysShoah
Švenčionys · Lituanie
The Jews of the town and of the entire district, assembled under the pretext of a census, are led to the military ground of Švenčionėliai and shot down in two days; the locality Poligonas is one of the largest mass graves in the country.
Toll ~8 000 morts
8-11 oct. 1941
Liquidation of the Vitebsk ghettoShoah
Vitebsk · Biélorussie
Ghetto residents shot or drowned in the Dvina; casualty figures vary by source.
Toll 4 090 selon le rapport allemand du 19 décembre 1941 ; jusqu'à 16 000 selon d'autres estimations
12 oct. 1941
« Bloody Sunday » of StanisławówShoah
Stanisławów · Ukraine
Mass shooting at the cemetery.
Toll 10 000-12 000
13-14 oct. 1941
Massacre of DnipropetrovskShoah
Dnipropetrovsk · Ukraine
Mass shooting.
Toll ~11 000
16 oct. 1941
First convoys from Prague to ŁódźShoah
Prague · Tchéquie
Five convoys leave Prague station for the Łódź ghetto, the first mass deportations from the Protectorate; those departing are assembled at the Holešovice exhibition palace before departure.
Toll bilan non établi
16 oct. 1941
Shootings at the Loubny RavineShoah
Loubny · Ukraine
Summoned by poster for a supposed census, the Jews of Loubny are led to a ravine on the outskirts and shot in one day.
Toll ~1 900
16-17 oct. 1941
Massacre of KosivShoah
Kosiv · Ukraine
The Hasidic community of the small Hutsul town, famous for its rabbinical dynasty, is annihilated on the hill of Horodok, above the Rybnytsia.
Toll ~2 200 morts
18 oct. 1941
First convoy departed from BerlinShoah
Berlin · Allemagne
The first deportation train leaves Grunewald station for the Łódź ghetto; convoys then succeed each other from Moabit and Anhalt stations.
Toll bilan non établi
18 oct. 1941
Massacre of MariupolShoah
Marioupol · Ukraine
Mass shooting in an anti-tank ditch near the city.
Toll 8 000-9 000
18 oct. 1941
Beginning of deportations to the EastShoah
Allemagne
Emigration is forbidden to Jews of the Reich and convoys begin: the first train leaves Berlin for the Łódź ghetto.
Toll —
19 oct. 1941
First convoy departed from FrankfurtShoah
Francfort-sur-le-Main · Allemagne
The Jews of Frankfurt are assembled in the city's wholesale market, beneath the concrete vaults of the building, then led to the freight station.
Toll bilan non établi
20-21 oct. 1941
Massacre of BorissovShoah
Borissov · Biélorussie
Liquidation of the ghetto by auxiliary police and the SD.
Toll 7 245
21 oct. 1941
First convoy departed from CologneShoah
Cologne · Allemagne
Jews of Cologne are gathered in the exhibition hall of Deutz, on the right bank of the Rhine, before being loaded onto the Łódź ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
22-24 oct. 1941
Odessa MassacreShoah
Odessa · Ukraine
Shot or burned by the Romanian army.
Toll 25 000-34 000
25 oct. 1941
First convoy departed from HamburgShoah
Hambourg · Allemagne
The Jews of Hamburg are gathered in a requisitioned Masonic lodge, then led to Hanover station for a first convoy to the east.
Toll bilan non établi
27 oct. 1941
First convoy departing from DüsseldorfShoah
Düsseldorf · Allemagne
The Jews of Düsseldorf and the Rhineland region are gathered in the Derendorf slaughterhouses and boarded at the nearby station for the Łódź ghetto.
Toll bilan non établi
27-28 oct. 1941
Massacre of SlutskShoah
Slutsk · Biélorussie
A battalion from Lithuania liquidates the community in two days; the German district commissioner protests in writing against the brutality of the operation.
Toll ~4 000
27-28 oct. 1941
Massacre of SlutskShoah
Sloutsk · Biélorussie
A police battalion from Kaunas devastates the city for two days; the German district commissioner protests in writing against the savagery of the operation, without stopping it.
Toll ~4 000
29 oct. 1941
« Great action » of the IXth fort of KaunasShoah
IXᵉ fort de Kaunas · Lituanie
Mass shooting.
Toll 9 200
29 oct. 1941
Balka Smerti ShootingsShoah
Taganrog · Russie
Summoned under the pretext of resettlement, the Jews of Taganrog were led to the ravine called 'Balka Smerti' and shot.
Toll ~1 800
novembre 1941
Shootings in RechitsaShoah
Retchitsa · Biélorussie
A river port on the Dnieper where the community lived from timber and trade, Rechitsa saw its Jews confined to a quarter of barracks then taken to the pits of the neighboring forest.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Klintsy shootingsShoah
Klintsy · Russie
Cloth-making city in the Briansk region where a large community lived, Klintsy sees its Jews confined in a closed quarter then driven in columns toward the pits of the outlying areas.
Toll bilan non établi
novembre 1941
Shootings of RetchytsaShoah
Retchytsa · Biélorussie
The community of Retchytsa, on the banks of the Dniepr, was shot in the autumn in a ravine near the city.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov.-déc. 1941
Liquidation of the Polotsk GhettoShoah
Polotsk · Biélorussie
The ghetto is liquidated and its inhabitants shot in pits in the surrounding area.
Toll plusieurs milliers
novembre 1941
Ovroutch ShootingsShoah
Ovroutch · Ukraine
A town in Polessia where the Hasidism of Chernobyl had its court, Ovroutch sees its Jewish population confined then led out of the city and shot at the edge of pits dug in the sand.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings of TyvrivShoah
Tyvriv · Ukraine
Town of the southern Boug valley, Tyvriv sees its Jews gathered near the monastery then shot at the river's edge, families from surrounding villages having been brought to be killed with them.
Toll bilan non établi
novembre 1941
Deportation from RuzhanyShoah
Ruzhany · Biélorussie
The community of the hamlet, famous for its palace and its old synagogue, is driven on foot to the neighboring town at the beginning of winter; many die on the road, and the survivors are deported the following year to a death center.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
Nov. 1941
Shootings of PoltavaShoah
Poltava · Ukraine
Jews of Poltava who could not be evacuated are shot on the outskirts of the city.
Toll plus d’un millier
Nov. 1941
Massacre of SlonimShoah
Slonim · Biélorussie
Mass shooting.
Toll ~9 000
automne 1941
Shootings of SouraiShoah
Sourai · Russie
A small town in the Bryansk region, Sourai sees its Jewish families gathered in the square then led to the neighboring ravine, where local auxiliaries lend a hand to the mobile units.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Kursk shootingsShoah
Koursk · Russie
A town in the black earth region occupied in autumn, Kursk sees its Jews summoned under threat, registered then taken to the anti-tank ditches on its outskirts where they are shot.
Toll bilan non établi
novembre 1941
Executions of TchatcherskShoah
Tchatchersk · Biélorussie
Town in eastern Polesia on the bank of the Sozh, Tchatchersk sees its Jewish population registered upon the arrival of troops, then led by families toward the pits dug at the edge of the town.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
Massacres de la forêt de BiķerniekiShoah
Biķernieki (Riga) · Lettonie
Dans la forêt à l'est de Riga, les Einsatzgruppen fusillent les Juifs du ghetto de Riga puis ceux déportés d'Allemagne, d'Autriche et du Protectorat ; c'est le principal lieu d'exécution de Lettonie.
Toll ~35 000
Nov. 1941
Massacre of MinskShoah
Minsk · Biélorussie
Mass shooting.
Toll ~12 000
Nov. 1941
Executions of Sosenki (Rovno)Shoah
Rovno · Ukraine
In two days, nearly all the Jews of the city are shot in the Sosenki woods.
Toll 17 500-21 000
automne 1941
Shootings of DjankoïShoah
Dzhankoy · Ukraine
Railway hub in northern Crimea surrounded by Jewish agricultural colonies, Djankoï sees the inhabitants of the town and those of nearby farms gathered, all taken to the pits of the steppe.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1941
First convoys departed from BreslauShoah
Breslau · Allemagne
The Jews of Breslau and Silesia are gathered in requisitioned houses, then embarked from a suburban station towards the ghettos of the east.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings of EupatoriaShoah
Evpatoria · Ukraine
Port on the western coast of Crimea where Jews and Karaites lived, Eupatoria sees its Jewish population registered then driven out of the city, the mobile units carrying out shootings near the salt works.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1941
Convoys from Brno to MinskShoah
Brno · Tchéquie
The Jews of Brno are gathered at the school on Merhautova Street then directed eastward; the first convoys from the city take the road to Minsk, the following ones that to Theresienstadt.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1941
Shootings in SmarhonShoah
Smarhon · Biélorussie
A town of tanners and furriers northwest of Minsk, Smarhon saw its Jews registered, stripped of their goods, then taken in groups to pits in the surrounding area throughout the autumn and winter.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov. 1941
Shootings of OrchaShoah
Orcha · Biélorussie
The Jews locked in the city's ghetto are shot on the periphery.
Toll plusieurs centaines
Nov. 1941
Gomel ShootingsShoah
Gomel · Biélorussie
Jews remaining in the city are confined in three ghettos then shot.
Toll ~4 000
Nov. 1941
Massacre of Sosenki (Rovno)Shoah
Rovno (Sosenki) · Ukraine
Mass shooting.
Toll 17 500-21 000
3 novembre 1941
Lazdijai ShootingShoah
Lazdijai · Lituanie
The community of the town of Souvalkie, one of the last still living in the country, is shot in early winter in a wood in the vicinity; the operation closes the series of killings that the mobile unit has carried out district by district since summer.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
20 nov. 1941
First convoy departed from MunichShoah
Munich · Allemagne
The Jews of Munich are first regrouped in a camp of barracks north of the city, at Milbertshofen, then deported to the Baltic countries.
Toll bilan non établi
24 nov. 1941 – mai 1945
Opening of the Theresienstadt ghettoShoah
Theresienstadt · Tchéquie
Presented as a retirement town for elderly Jews and decorated Reich members, the ghetto serves as an antechamber to extermination centers: approximately 155,000 people pass through, 33,000 die there and 88,000 are deported eastward.
Toll ~33 000 morts sur place
30 nov. et 8 déc. 1941
Rumbula massacreShoah
Rumbula (Riga) · Lettonie
Mass shooting over two days.
Toll ~25 000
décembre 1941
Shootings of LiepājaShoah
Liepāja · Lettonie
The Jews of Liepāja are led to the sand dunes by the sea and shot over three days; photographs taken clandestinely by a German officer were found after the war.
Toll bilan non établi
décembre 1941
Shootings of NavahroudakShoah
Navahroudak · Biélorussie
Former capital of the grand-dukes where the community had its renowned yeshiva, Navahroudak sees its Jews gathered in the courthouse square, sorted, and for the most part led to the ditches of the outlying areas.
Toll bilan non établi
décembre 1941
Shootings of FeodossiaShoah
Feodossia · Ukraine
Former Caffa, where the community traced back to the time of Genoese trading posts, Feodossia sees its Jews summoned, stripped and shot at the edge of the town during the weeks preceding the landing.
Toll bilan non établi
Déc. 1941
Massacre of ŠkēdeShoah
Šķēde (Liepāja) · Lettonie
Mass shooting
Toll ~2 800
déc. 1941
Internment at Royallieu CampShoah
Compiègne · France
The Compiègne camp, run by the German army, receives the rounded-up notables and supplies the first deportation convoy.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1941
Liquidation of the Turek ghettoShoah
Turek · Pologne
Town in the Warthegau whose Jewish population is sent as early as winter to the death camp at Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1941
Liquidation of the ghetto of ZgierzShoah
Zgierz · Pologne
Town near Łódź whose community is taken as early as winter to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1941
Deportation of the Jews of BrunswickShoah
Brunswick · Allemagne
The Brunswick community is gathered and joined to convoys leaving Hanover for the Baltic countries; its property is sold at auction on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1941
Liquidation of the Koło ghettoShoah
Koło · Pologne
City on the Warta near Chełmno, whose community was among the first taken by gas truck.
Toll bilan non établi
Déc. 1941 – janv. 1942
Massacres in CrimeaShoah
Simferopol et Crimée · Ukraine
Mass shootings.
Toll ~13 000
hiver 1941
Ghetto and shootings of KalougaShoah
Kalouga · Russie
City on the Oka occupied a few weeks before the counteroffensive, Kalouga sees its Jews penned in a wooden district, robbed and employed in clearing; some are shot before the retreat.
Toll bilan non établi
1941-1944
Pechera CampShoah
Pechera (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
Installed in a former castle above the Bug, the camp receives deportees from Bessarabia, Bukovina and the towns of Podolia; without food or medical care, they die of hunger, cold and typhus, and the detainees call it the loop of death.
Toll ~10 000 morts
décembre 1941
Berezivka shootingsShoah
Berezivka · Ukraine
Deportees from Odessa and Bessarabia transported to the countryside of the province are shot in groups at the edges of the town, often by units of German settlers armed by the occupier; convoys succeed one another throughout the winter and part of the victims die of cold before reaching the mass graves.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
Déc. 1941
Women's camp of ĐakovoShoah
Đakovo · Croatie
Ustaše camp reserved for Jewish women and children, in the premises of a former mill; the survivors are transferred to Jasenovac in June 1942.
Toll plusieurs centaines
déc. 1941
Liquidation of the Konin GhettoShoah
Konin · Pologne
Town in the Warthegau whose Jews, already driven to neighbouring towns, are taken in the first convoys to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
décembre 1941
Lityn shootingsShoah
Lityn · Ukraine
A district capital in Podolia, Lityn sees its Jewish population confined to a few houses then taken in several waves to the pits of the neighboring forest, over the winter and spring that follow.
Toll bilan non établi
Déc. 1941 – janv. 1942
Drobitsky YarShoah
Drobitsky Yar (Kharkiv) · Ukraine
Mass shooting.
Toll ~15 000
Déc. 1941
Shootings of Simferopol and CrimeaShoah
Simferopol · Ukraine
Einsatzgruppe D shoots Jews and Krymchaks from the town and peninsula.
Toll ~13 000
1-3 déc. 1941
Massacre of the Bagerovo pitShoah
Bagerovo (Kertch) · Ukraine
The Jews of Kertch shot in the anti-tank ditch of Bagerovo; the site is examined by a Soviet commission as early as January 1942.
Toll ~2 500 Juifs
4 déc. 1941
Horodenka MassacreShoah
Horodenka · Ukraine
Summoned for a supposed vaccination, the Jews of the city were locked in the synagogue without water or food, then taken in trucks to the Siemakivtsi forest and shot.
Toll ~2 500 morts
8 déc. 1941
Massacre of NovogroudokShoah
Novogroudok · Biélorussie
Mass shooting; survivors are confined to a work ghetto, from which part will escape through a tunnel in 1943.
Toll ~5 000
8 déc. 1941 – 1945
ChełmnoShoah
Chełmno · Pologne
First extermination center (gas trucks).
Toll 150 000-200 000 (jusqu'à 320 000 selon les estimations polonaises)
10 déc. 1941
Fusillade de KarasubazarShoah
Karasubazar (Crimée) · Ukraine
Les Juifs de la bourgade sont conduits à une fosse antichar creusée près du couvoir et fusillés.
Toll 76
12 déc. 1941
Roundup of the notablesShoah
Paris (notables) · France
French Jews selected from the liberal professions are arrested at their homes and taken to Compiègne.
Toll bilan non établi
13 déc. 1941
Fusillade d'Eski-YurtShoah
Bakhtchyssaraï (Eski-Yurt, Crimée) · Ukraine
Le Sonderkommando 11a fusille aux abords de l'ancienne capitale des khans une quarantaine de familles, krymtchakes pour la plupart ; les rapports allemands comptent quatre-vingt-dix victimes, les témoignages soviétiques deux cents.
Toll ~90 à 200
15 déc. 1941
First convoy from HanoverShoah
Hanovre · Allemagne
The Jews of Hanover, already driven from their homes and crowded into so-called Jewish houses, are deported to Riga.
Toll bilan non établi
21 déc. 1941 – janv. 1942
Massacre of BogdanovkaShoah
Bogdanovka (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
Shootings and fires in the Bogdanovka camp.
Toll 40 000-54 000
1942
Roundups of RouenShoah
Rouen · France
The Jews of Normandy are arrested and taken to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Dolina ghettoShoah
Dolina · Ukraine
Small town of the Galician salt mines, Dolina saw its community confined to a few streets then emptied in several operations, part of it shot in nearby woods and the rest sent to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Ghetto of BratslavShoah
Bratslav · Ukraine
Town of Podolia placed under Romanian administration, Bratslav receives deportees from Bessarabia and Bukovina; typhus, hunger and forced labor claim part of the imprisoned.
Toll bilan non établi
1942-1943
Forced labor of Jews from BizertaShoah
Bizerte · Tunisie
The men of the community are required to clear the port and arsenal under Allied bombardment; several are killed on the worksites.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportations from ChelmShoah
Chelm · Pologne
The community of the old town, which Yiddish folklore had made proverbial, is deported by convoys to a nearby death center; the sick and elderly are shot on departure, and the last ghetto workers shot the following year.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Liquidation of the Solotwina communityShoah
Solotwina · Ukraine
A salt-mining town south of Galicia, Solotwina sees its Jewish population emptied in two operations, some shot at the edges of the town, others taken to the neighboring city.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the community of ChodorówShoah
Chodorów · Ukraine
A small sugar town in Galicia, Chodorów sees its Jews employed in the refinery then rounded up with families, convoys departing toward the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of ZeelandShoah
Middelbourg · Pays-Bas
The small Jewish community of Middelburg and Zeeland is arrested and deported via Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of EnschedeShoah
Enschede · Pays-Bas
The Jews of Enschede are arrested; part of the community goes into hiding with the help of the population.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Achmiany ghettoShoah
Achmiany · Biélorussie
The Achmiany ghetto is emptied in several operations; part of its inhabitants is transferred to the large ghetto of the neighboring capital, the others are shot on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
The Jewish Museum of PragueShoah
Prague · Tchéquie
The German administration gathers in Prague the ritual objects, books and archives of the destroyed communities of the Protectorate; Jewish conservators are tasked with cataloging them before being deported themselves.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of Jews from SarajevoShoah
Sarajevo · Bosnie-Herzégovine
Jews of Sarajevo remaining in the city after the first raids are regrouped then handed over to Ustaše camps and convoys to the east; the Sephardic community of Bosnia ceases to exist as a body.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Shootings of PastavyShoah
Pastavy · Biélorussie
The community of Pastavy is shot at the edges of the town during the year; the craftsmen held for some time are killed in turn.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of ChâteaurouxShoah
Châteauroux · France
The Jews sheltered in Indre are arrested and transported to the Paris region.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportations from SokalShoah
Sokal · Ukraine
The ghetto of the city on the Bug is emptied by successive convoys toward an extermination center; the last inhabitants, held for workshops, are shot in the spring following in a nearby forest.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Liquidation of the Zbaraż GhettoShoah
Zbaraż · Ukraine
A fortified town in eastern Galicia, Zbaraż sees its community confined to a closed quarter, reduced by labor requisitions, then taken by convoys to the death camp, the sick being shot on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of NimègueShoah
Nimègue · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of Nimègue is arrested and deported via Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups in TroyesShoah
Troyes · France
The Champagne community is arrested and taken to the city of la Muette.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Kalush GhettoShoah
Kalush · Ukraine
The community of the salt city is destroyed in several waves: shootings in a nearby wood, then convoys to a death center; the last inhabitants of the ghetto are shot down in autumn.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1942
Deportation of the Jews of NitraShoah
Nitra · Slovaquie
A former episcopal city in western Slovakia, seat of a renowned talmudic school, Nitra sees its Jews registered then rounded up and handed over to convoys, part of the community remaining for a time protected by exemptions that would later be withdrawn.
Toll bilan non établi
printemps 1942
Liquidation of the Dokshytsy GhettoShoah
Dokshytsy · Biélorussie
The ghetto, where Jews from several towns in the district had been crammed, is liquidated in two days; the inhabitants are shot at the edge of open pits near the city and the quarter is then razed.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1942
Economic Aryanization in MoroccoShoah
Maroc
Provisional administrators are appointed to enterprises and assets inventoried the previous year; shops and workshops change hands in the cities of the protectorate.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Żydaczów ghettoShoah
Żydaczów · Ukraine
Town in the Dniestr valley, Żydaczów sees its community confined to a closed quarter, decimated by hunger and disease, then emptied by successive convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of WürzburgShoah
Wurtzbourg · Allemagne
The Jews of Würzburg and villages of Lower Franconia, where rural Jewish presence was ancient, were gathered in a pavilion in the town and deported eastward.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of BordeauxShoah
Bordeaux · France
The Jews of the city are arrested in waves and interned at Mérignac camp before their departure.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the ghettos of Volhynia and PolesiaShoah
Volhynie et Polésie · Ukraine et Biélorussie
Lutsk ~17,000, Kovel, Sarny ~14,000, Dubno, Kremenets, Mizotch, Pinsk ~17,000, Brest ~17,000, Baranovitchi.
Toll ~150 000-200 000
1942
Deportation of Jews from StropkovShoah
Stropkov · Slovaquie
A town in eastern Slovakia, seat of a Hasidic court, Stropkov sees its Jews gathered in the square and taken to transit camps, from where they are delivered to convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of Jews from TrebišovShoah
Trebišov · Slovaquie
A town in the eastern plain, Trebišov saw its community assembled and driven to the country's transit camps, from which convoys departed in spring and summer.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Avignon roundupsShoah
Avignon · France
The ancient Comtat community is struck by arrests and deportations.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Massacres of StarokostiantynivShoah
Starokostiantyniv · Ukraine
The Jews of Starokostiantyniv and villages of southern Volhynia are assembled in a closed quarter, then led by convoys to the pits on the outskirts.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of BardejovShoah
Bardejov · Slovaquie
A former merchant town in the Carpathians, Bardejov sees its Hasidic community rounded up in spring and taken to assembly camps, from which convoys depart eastward.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Aryanization of Jewish property in AlgeriaShoah
Algérie
The census of businesses leads to the appointment of provisional administrators; shops in Algiers, Oran and Constantine are sold at low prices to designated buyers.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of PrešovShoah
Prešov · Slovaquie
City in eastern Slovakia, seat of an ancient community and its schools, Prešov sees its Jews registered, deprived of their property and trades, then rounded up and taken to assembly camps from which convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Ghetto and shootings of NemyrivShoah
Nemyriv · Ukraine
The community of Nemyriv, already destroyed at the time of the seventeenth-century massacres, is confined and then shot; the city figures among the places that Jewish memory names twice.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Arrests of the Jews of NamurShoah
Namur · Belgique
The Jews of Namur and the province are arrested and taken to Malines; others are hidden in villages in the Meuse.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Louninets ghettoShoah
Louninets · Biélorussie
A town in Polesia on the railway line, Louninets sees its ghetto emptied during the summer; a few young people join the marsh detachments.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of Jews from MichalovceShoah
Michalovce · Slovaquie
A city in the eastern plain, Michalovce saw its community assembled and handed over to spring convoys, with families separated already at the transit camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1942-1944
Maly TrostenetsShoah
Maly Trostenets (Minsk) · Biélorussie
Extermination site near Minsk, mostly Jews.
Toll 40 000-65 000
1942
Deportation of Jews from MaastrichtShoah
Maastricht · Pays-Bas
Jewish families from Maastricht and Limbourg are arrested and taken to Westerbork; others cross the border or go into hiding.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Liquidation of the Kosava ghettoShoah
Kosava · Biélorussie
The inhabitants of the ghetto are led to a neighbouring estate and shot at the edge of ditches; the hamlet, burned in the same weeks, loses with them its wooden synagogue and workshops.
Toll plus d'un millier de morts
1942-1943
Giado CampShoah
Giado (Libye) · Libye
Internment camp for Jews of Cyrenaica; in Tunisia, forced labor.
Toll ~560 morts
1942
Arrests of the Jews of GandShoah
Gand · Belgique
The small Jewish community of Gand is arrested and taken to Malines.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
The Theresienstadt ghetto fillsShoah
Theresienstadt · Tchéquie
The fortress city receives convoys from Bohemia, Moravia, the Reich and Austria; overcrowding, hunger and disease cause elderly residents to die there in large numbers, while the neighboring Small Fortress serves as Gestapo prison.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Labor camps of DrentheShoah
Drenthe · Pays-Bas
Jewish men from the Netherlands are sent to the labor camps of the Drenthe heath before being deported with their families.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Liquidation of the Stowbtsy ghettoShoah
Stowbtsy · Biélorussie
The community of the city on the Niemen is shot in two waves, at the edge of pits dug in a nearby wood; young people who had dug a tunnel under a ghetto house escape and join the partisans of Naliboki forest.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1942
End of the Brno communityShoah
Brno · Tchéquie
The last convoys empty Brno of its Jewish inhabitants; communal property is seized and the great synagogue on Přízova street, the only one to survive, is converted into a warehouse.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Arrests of the Jews of CharleroiShoah
Charleroi · Belgique
The Jews of the Charleroi basin are arrested and deported via Malines.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Arrests of Jews of LiègeShoah
Liège · Belgique
Jewish families of Liège are arrested and transported to the Dossin barracks in Malines.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Amersfoort CampShoah
Amersfoort · Pays-Bas
Jews from the Netherlands are interned at Amersfoort camp before being handed over to Westerbork or Mauthausen.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of 's-HertogenboschShoah
Bois-le-Duc · Pays-Bas
The Jews of 's-Hertogenbosch and northern Brabant are arrested and transported to Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of AssenShoah
Assen · Pays-Bas
The Jews of Assen, neighboring the Westerbork camp, are arrested and deported.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of HaarlemShoah
Haarlem · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of Haarlem is arrested and deported via Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of HilversumShoah
Hilversum · Pays-Bas
Jewish families from Hilversum are arrested and transported to Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups in MontpellierShoah
Montpellier · France
Foreign Jews from Languedoc were arrested and assembled before their departure to the occupied zone.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups in ToursShoah
Tours · France
The La Lande camp in Touraine gathers the Jews of the region before their transfer to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of NîmesShoah
Nîmes · France
The community of Gard is struck by arrests in the unoccupied zone.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups at the Limoges Road campShoah
Poitiers · France
The Poitou camp assembles Jews from the region before their transfer to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Angers RoundupShoah
Angers · France
The town provided the convoy that left directly for Upper Silesia without passing through Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportations from Rava-RuskaShoah
Rava-Ruska · Ukraine
The city, a railway hub close to the region's killing center, sees its own community deported in two major roundups; between convoys, overcrowding and typhus claim as many lives in the ghetto as shootings do.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Liquidation of the community of TyśmienicaShoah
Tyśmienica · Ukraine
A former center of Galician fur trade, Tyśmienica saw its Jewish craftsmen employed then liquidated, the community being emptied in a few days to the neighboring city.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Dziatlava ghettoShoah
Dziatlava · Biélorussie
The Dziatlava ghetto is destroyed in two waves; groups of fugitives reach the Lipitchany forest and form one of the Jewish partisan detachments in the region.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Turka ghettoShoah
Turka · Ukraine
Principal city of the wooded Carpathians, Turka sees Jews from surrounding villages flock to a closed quarter, before the entire population is directed to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Shootings of IwieShoah
Iwie · Biélorussie
The Jewish inhabitants of the town were gathered in the market square, sorted, then led to a nearby wood where the graves had been dug the day before.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Transit ghetto of IzbicaShoah
Izbica · Pologne
The town serves as a lock between Western Europe and the killing centers of the region: convoys from the Reich, Austria and the protectorate dump thousands of people there who leave again a few days later toward the gas chambers. Those who remain too long are shot in the cemetery, on the hill overlooking the city.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Balta GhettoShoah
Balta · Ukraine
Placed under Romanian administration, Balta receives convoys of deportees from Bessarabia and Bukovina; cold, hunger and typhus claim some of those confined over two winters.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Vileïka ShootingsShoah
Vileïka · Biélorussie
The Jews of Vileïka are confined then shot; the city also serves as a gathering place for the communities of the surrounding hamlets.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the community of PeczeniżynShoah
Peczeniżyn · Ukraine
A town in the Carpathian foothills, Peczeniżyn sees its Jews stripped and regrouped, part of them shot in the nearby forest and the rest taken to the departure points of the convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Bursztyn communityShoah
Bursztyn · Ukraine
Town in the Dniestr valley, Bursztyn sees its Jewish families driven from their homes and regrouped before being taken to the neighboring city, from which convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Shootings of StovbtsyShoah
Stovbtsy · Biélorussie
Railroad junction town, Stovbtsy saw its community shot in stages; the survivors joined the Jewish units in the neighboring forests.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Žilina Assembly CampShoah
Žilina · Slovaquie
Town in the Váh valley, Žilina houses one of the camps where the Slovak State concentrates Jews rounded up throughout the country before handing them over: families sometimes wait weeks there, searched and stripped, before being loaded into convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of DijonShoah
Dijon · France
The Burgundian community is arrested in waves and taken to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Shootings of KobrynShoah
Kobryn · Biélorussie
The two ghettos of Kobryn are liquidated a few months apart; the inhabitants are shot near the town or deported to an extermination center.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
The Tenja camp near OsijekShoah
Osijek · Croatie
The Osijek community was forced to build a camp itself in the village of Tenja, where it was gathered with the Jews of Slavonia; the camp was emptied within a few months to Jasenovac and Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportations of HrubieszówShoah
Hrubieszów · Pologne
The community was deported in two large round-ups to a death center in the region; between the two, the inhabitants remaining in the ghetto buried their dead in the cemetery and awaited the next convoy.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Liquidation of the community of JablonowShoah
Jablonow · Ukraine
Mountain town at the foot of the Carpathians, Jablonow sees its community gathered then led on foot toward the neighboring small town, from which it is directed toward the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of ZwolleShoah
Zwolle · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of Zwolle is arrested and taken to Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1942-1944
Auschwitz-BirkenauShoah
Auschwitz-Birkenau · Pologne
Principal killing center from 1942 to 1944, for Jews from all over Europe.
Toll ~1 000 000 de Juifs
1942
Deportation of the Jews of MedzilaborceShoah
Medzilaborce · Slovaquie
A town on the Carpathian border, Medzilaborce sees its community swept up in the spring, stripped of its possessions, then driven to assembly camps and convoys heading east.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups in AmiensShoah
Amiens · France
The Picardy community is arrested and taken toward the Paris region.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of the Jews of DresdenShoah
Dresde · Allemagne
The community of Dresden, reduced to persons married to non-Jewish spouses and forced laborers, is deported by successive convoys to the east and to Bohemia.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Transit camp of VaoukavyskShoah
Vaoukavysk · Biélorussie
The Jews of the region were crowded into barracks dug into the earth at the town's edge, before being sent by convoy to an extermination centre.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Ghetto and Shootings of ZvenyhorodkaShoah
Zvenyhorodka · Ukraine
The Jewish inhabitants of the town and neighboring hamlets are confined to a few streets, employed in road work, then shot when the ghetto is liquidated.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the community of KomarnoShoah
Komarno · Ukraine
Hasidic town of Eastern Galicia, Komarno sees its community gathered in front of the synagogue then taken to the nearby city, part of it being shot along the way.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of OrleansShoah
Orléans · France
The Orleans community is arrested and taken to the camps of the Loiret.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Roundups of ReimsShoah
Reims · France
The Jews of the city and of the Marne are arrested and taken to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Saint-Étienne roundupsShoah
Saint-Étienne · France
The foreign Jews of the Loire are arrested and taken up to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the community of ObertynShoah
Obertyn · Ukraine
Town of Pokutie, Obertyn sees its Jews locked in a few houses then taken to the neighboring county seat, the elderly and the sick being shot before departure.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Liquidation of the Community of MonasterzyskaShoah
Monasterzyska · Ukraine
A town in eastern Galicia known for its fairs, Monasterzyska sees its Jewish population registered, stripped, then driven in stages toward the assembly points from which convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Ghetto and Shootings of ChepetivkaShoah
Chepetivka · Ukraine
The open ghetto in the lower quarter of the town is liquidated in stages; the craftsmen retained for military workshops are shot in turn when the work ceases.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Liquidation of the Lyakhavichy ghettoShoah
Lyakhavichy · Biélorussie
The ghetto is liquidated during the summer; the inhabitants are shot on the outskirts of the city and the few workers retained for the workshops are killed in autumn, ending a Jewish presence of several centuries.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
1942
Deportations from WlodawaShoah
Wlodawa · Pologne
The ghetto of the town on the Bug, a few leagues from a death center, is emptied in several roundups; its great brick synagogue, built in the previous century, remains standing alone in the middle of the emptied quarter.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
1942
Deportation of the Jews of NurembergShoah
Nuremberg · Allemagne
The Jews of Nuremberg and Franconia are gathered in a ballroom in the Langwasser district before being deported to Riga and then to Bohemia.
Toll bilan non établi
1942
Deportation of Jews from LeipzigShoah
Leipzig · Allemagne
The Jews of Leipzig are gathered in a transit camp set up west of the city, then embarked toward the ghettos of Poland and toward Theresienstadt.
Toll bilan non établi
janv. 1942
Deportation of the Plzeň CommunityShoah
Plzeň · Tchéquie
Three convoys carry away in a few days almost the entire Plzeň community to Theresienstadt; the city's great synagogue, one of the largest in Europe, is emptied of its faithful.
Toll bilan non établi
Janv. 1942
Walling up of the galleries of ArtemivskShoah
Artemivsk · Ukraine
The Jews of Bakhmout-Artemivsk are locked in the city's gypsum galleries, whose exits are sealed.
Toll ~3 000
janv. 1942
Expulsion of the Jews of ZaandamShoah
Zaandam · Pays-Bas
The Jewish families of Zaandam are forced to leave the city for Amsterdam.
Toll bilan non établi
Janv.-févr. 1942
Massacres of Domanivka and AkmechetkaShoah
Domanivka et Akmechetka (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
Camps of Transnistria: executions by local militia and Romanian gendarmes, deaths from hunger and cold.
Toll dizaines de milliers
Janv.-févr. 1942
Romanian camp of AkmechetkaShoah
Akmechetka (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
Famine camp set up in a former collective farm, where deportees deemed unfit are left to die.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Janv.-févr. 1942
Romanian camp of DomanivkaShoah
Domanivka (Transnistrie) · Ukraine
Romanian camp of Transnistria: deportees died there of hunger, cold and by shooting.
Toll des dizaines de milliers
hiver 1942
Ghetto of KopaïhorodShoah
Kopaihorod · Ukraine
Town on the left bank of the Dniestr transformed into a place of crowding, Kopaïhorod receives convoys of deportees abandoned in stables and attics; typhus carries away entire families.
Toll bilan non établi
9 janv. 1942
Massacre of KhmilnykShoah
Khmilnyk · Ukraine
In the depths of winter, the community of the spa town of Podolia was led to Zeleniy wood and shot; a second killing, a few days later, claimed those who had first been kept for labor.
Toll ~6 800 morts
20 janv. 1942
Wannsee ConferenceShoah
Wannsee (Berlin) · Allemagne
Fifteen high-ranking Reich officials meet to coordinate the «final solution to the Jewish question»; the minutes enumerate eleven million European Jews.
Toll —
21-23 janv. 1942
Raid on Novi SadShoah
Novi Sad · Serbie
~800 Jews among ~3,300–4,000 victims of the Hungarian army.
Toll ~800 Juifs
Févr. 1942
Liquidation of the Lepel ghettoShoah
Lepel · Biélorussie
The Lepel ghetto is liquidated and its inhabitants shot on the outskirts of the city.
Toll bilan non établi
février 1942
Cherven ShootingsShoah
Cherven · Biélorussie
Town east of Minsk, Cherven sees its Jews confined in a few wooden houses in the heart of winter, then led to the roadside pits, the columns crossing the town before the eyes of residents.
Toll bilan non établi
4 févr. 1942
Burning of the Rakov SynagogueShoah
Rakov · Biélorussie
The Jews of the ghetto are locked in the synagogue, which the Germans and their auxiliaries set on fire.
Toll ~900
13 févr. 1942
Fusillade de SudakShoah
Sudak (Crimée) · Ukraine
Un détachement du Sonderkommando 10b et une unité de police militaire fusillent, près de l'ancien sanatorium du district militaire de Leningrad, un groupe composé surtout de femmes et d'enfants.
Toll 25
24 févr. 1942
Wreck of the StrumaShoah
Şile (mer Noire) · Turquie
Loaded with Jewish refugees who left Romania and were turned away from Palestine, the ship is held for ten weeks in Istanbul harbor, towed without power offshore and sunk by a torpedo; only one passenger survives.
Toll 781 morts
mars 1942
Liquidation of the Opole Lubelskie ghettoShoah
Opole Lubelskie · Pologne
Small town on the Vistula that became a place of confinement for thousands of expelled persons, whose entire population departed in spring toward Bełżec and Sobibór.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1942
First convoy from PopradShoah
Poprad · Slovaquie
It is from Poprad station, at the foot of the High Tatras, that at the end of winter departs the first convoy organized by the Slovak State: young women gathered in a barracks in the town, who had been told of a few months of work, and who are taken to the death camp of Upper Silesia.
Toll bilan non établi
Printemps 1942
SajmišteShoah
Sajmište (Belgrade) · Serbie
Jews gassed in a truck; Serbia declared « judenfrei ».
Toll ~6 300-7 000
Mars-nov. 1942
Deportations from SlovakiaShoah
Slovaquie
Deportations to Auschwitz and Lublin.
Toll ~58 000 déportés
Mars 1942 – juin 1943
Bełżec killing centreShoah
Bełżec · Pologne
First centre of Operation Reinhard, in service from March to December 1942; the camp was subsequently razed and planted with trees.
Toll 450 000-600 000
Mars 1942 – 1943
Operation ReinhardShoah
Bełżec, Sobibór, Treblinka · Pologne
Bełżec (450,000–600,000), Sobibor (170,000–250,000), Treblinka (700,000–900,000). Liquidations of the ghettos of Lublin, Kraków, Lwów (~50,000), Radom, Kielce, Częstochowa, Tarnów, Rzeszów, Przemyśl, Zamość…
Toll ~1 500 000-1 700 000
mars 1942
Liquidation of the Piaski ghettoShoah
Piaski · Pologne
Transit hamlet east of Lublin where Jews from the Reich were penned before spring convoys to Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1942
Shootings of BaranavitchyShoah
Baranavitchy · Biélorussie
The ghetto of Baranavitchy was emptied in several operations; a clandestine network smuggled weapons and young people out towards the forests of Naliboki.
Toll bilan non établi
Mars-avril 1942
Liquidation of the Lublin ghettoShoah
Lublin · Pologne
First major liquidation of Operation Reinhard: the ghetto is emptied in weeks and its inhabitants sent to Bełżec.
Toll ~30 000
Mars 1942
Liquidation of the Rahachow ghettoShoah
Rahachow · Biélorussie
The ghetto established on the banks of the Dnieper is emptied in spring; its inhabitants are led out of the city in groups and shot.
Toll plus de mille morts
mars 1942
Roundup and convoy of HumennéShoah
Humenné · Slovaquie
A town in eastern Slovakia, Humenné was among the first to be affected: the men and then the families were gathered at the end of winter and taken by convoys towards the death camp and towards the camps of the Lublin district.
Toll bilan non établi
9 mars 1942
Deportation of MielecShoah
Mielec · Pologne
The town was the first in the General Government to be completely emptied of its Jews: gathered at dawn on the aerodrome, the inhabitants were directed by convoys towards towns in the Lublin region, the sick and the elderly shot on the spot.
Toll ~4 500 déportés
20 mars 1942
Massacre of RohatynShoah
Rohatyn · Ukraine
Gathered on the market square at dawn, the Jews of the town and neighboring villages are driven toward a trench dug on the outskirts of the locality and shot in the snow.
Toll ~3 000 morts
27 mars 1942
First Deportation Convoy from FranceShoah
Drancy (premier convoi) · France
The first deportation train leaves Le Bourget station for Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1942
Liquidation of Włocławek GhettoShoah
Włocławek · Pologne
City on the Vistula annexed to the Reich, its community deported in spring to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1942
Deportation of SniatynShoah
Sniatyn · Ukraine
The Jews of the small town on the Prut are assembled in the square, the sick and elderly shot on the spot, and the others driven into wagons bound for a death center in the Lublin region.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
avr. 1942
Deportation of the community of BudweisShoah
České Budějovice · Tchéquie
The Jews of České Budějovice and its region are gathered and then directed to Theresienstadt; the convoys from southern Bohemia follow within weeks those from western Bohemia.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1942
Jlobin ShootingsShoah
Jlobin · Biélorussie
Railway town on the Dniepr, Jlobin sees its Jewish population forced into labor then exterminated in waves, columns led to the sandpits of the outskirts.
Toll bilan non établi
Avril et oct. 1942
Deportations from the Zamość ghettoShoah
Zamość · Pologne
Two actions empty the ghetto towards Bełżec; the region is then emptied of its population for German colonization.
Toll ~10 000
avril 1942
Liquidation of the Kraśnik ghettoShoah
Kraśnik · Pologne
A town in the Lubelskie region whose Jews were gathered in spring and transported by convoy to Bełżec, a few retained at the nearby labor camp.
Toll bilan non établi
29 avr. 1942
Imposition of the yellow star in the NetherlandsShoah
Pays-Bas
Every Jew in the Netherlands must wear the star sewn onto their clothes.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Liquidation of the Pabianice GhettoShoah
Pabianice · Pologne
Textile town at the gates of Łódź whose ghetto is emptied in spring toward the death camp at Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Liquidation of the Turobin ghettoShoah
Turobin · Pologne
A town in Lubelskie whose Jews are gathered in spring and sent to the Sobibór death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
printemps 1942
Liquidation of the Dokchytsy GhettoShoah
Dokchytsy · Biélorussie
A town in northern Polesia, Dokchytsy sees its ghetto surrounded in spring, its inhabitants led to graves dug apart, while a few young people escape toward detachments in the marshes.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Liquidation of the Bełżyce ghettoShoah
Bełżyce · Pologne
Small town west of Lublin whose community is taken in spring to the death camp, the last shot on the spot the following year.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Deportation of the Jews of PuławyShoah
Puławy · Pologne
City on the upper Vistula whose Jews, expelled as early as the winter of the occupation to neighboring towns, are caught up in the spring convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Liquidation of the Ozorków GhettoShoah
Ozorków · Pologne
Weaver town of the Warthegau whose Jews are led in spring to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
Mai 1942 – oct. 1943
Sobibór killing centreShoah
Sobibór · Pologne
Second centre of Operation Reinhard; it is closed after the revolt of detainees on 14 October 1943.
Toll 170 000-250 000
mai 1942
Shootings at IllintsiShoah
Illintsi · Ukraine
Town in the Vinnytsia region where Jews held the market and trades, Illintsi sees its community registered and then taken in groups to a nearby ravine, with shootings repeating throughout the spring.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Liquidation of the Krasnystaw GhettoShoah
Krasnystaw · Pologne
Small town on the Wieprz southeast of Lublin, whose community is gathered in spring and sent toward the Bełżec death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1942
Executions of LypovetsShoah
Lypovets · Ukraine
District capital south of Kiev, Lypovets sees its Jews marked, subjected to forced labor then taken in columns toward the pits dug at the edge of the town.
Toll bilan non établi
8 mai 1942
Liquidation of the Lida ghettoShoah
Lida · Biélorussie
Mass shooting at Borovka.
Toll ≥5 670
10 mai 1942
Liquidation of the Radun ghettoShoah
Radun · Biélorussie
The small town had sheltered the yeshiva of the master of morality whom the Jewish world knew through his book on slander; the ghetto is liquidated in spring and the inhabitants shot in pits dug near the Jewish cemetery. A few young people escape the night before and join the forest partisans.
Toll environ un millier de morts
21 mai 1942
Massacre of KoretsShoah
Korets · Ukraine
The first action removes the largest part of the ghetto; when the survivors learn, at the end of summer, that their turn has come, they set their own houses ablaze and make for the forest.
Toll ~2 000 morts
27 mai 1942
Imposition of the yellow star in BelgiumShoah
Belgique
Every Jew in Belgium must wear the star; several burgomasters refuse to distribute it.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Shootings of SlonimShoah
Slonim · Biélorussie
After two prior actions, the ghetto of Slonim is liquidated in June; armed groups formed in the ghetto fire on the columns and part of the imprisoned reach the forests, where a partisan detachment is established.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Jmerynka GhettoShoah
Jmerynka · Ukraine
Railway town in Podolia that came under Romanian administration, Jmerynka receives in its ghetto the Jews of the region and those that convoys deposit there; hunger, typhus and roundups claim the weakest.
Toll bilan non établi
Juin et oct. 1942
Deportations from Cracow GhettoShoah
Cracovie · Pologne
Two major actions empty most of the ghetto toward Bełżec; the remainder will be liquidated in March 1943.
Toll ~11 000
juin 1942
Deportation of the Jews of Bielsko-BiałaShoah
Bielsko-Biała · Pologne
Textile town in Silesia annexed to the Reich, whose community was deported in early summer towards Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Liquidation of the Miory GhettoShoah
Miory · Biélorussie
Small town in the lakes of northern Belarus, Miory sees its enclosed quarter liquidated in a day; those locked in attempt to break through the cordon and are shot in the flight.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Deportation of the Olomouc CommunityShoah
Olomouc · Tchéquie
The Jews of Olomouc and Central Moravia were summoned and then taken to Theresienstadt; most left from there toward the ghettos and camps of the east.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Shootings of BraslavShoah
Braslav · Biélorussie
The Jews of Braslav are led to a hill outside the town and shot; a second action, a few months later, completes the destruction of the community.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1942
Shootings in HlubokoeShoah
Hloubokoïe · Biélorussie
The Hlubokoe ghetto was liquidated after armed resistance lasting a few hours; the fighters fired from the attics before the buildings were set on fire.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Shootings in KalynivkaShoah
Kalynivka · Ukraine
A small garrison town north of Vinnytsia, Kalynivka saw Jews employed in military work shot once those works were completed, along with families remaining in the closed quarter.
Toll bilan non établi
Juin 1942
Action in the Tarnów ghettoShoah
Tarnów · Pologne
The Jews of the town were gathered in the marketplace, some shot on the spot, the rest sent to Bełżec.
Toll ~10 000
juin 1942
Liquidation of the Olkusz ghettoShoah
Olkusz · Pologne
Mining city of the Zagłębie whose Jews, publicly humiliated in the first year of occupation, are deported in summer.
Toll bilan non établi
3-5 juin 1942
Liquidation of the Braslaw ghettoShoah
Braslaw · Biélorussie
The ghetto of the lake town is encircled and emptied in three days; a few dozen young people manage to reach the forest and join the partisan detachments.
Toll ~3 000 morts
22 juin 1942
Revolt of the Ivianiets ghettoShoah
Ivianiets · Biélorussie
The Jews employed in the garrison's weapons workshop steal rifles piece by piece and hide them; on the appointed day, they kill the guards, set fire to the buildings and force their way to the neighboring forest. Several hundred inhabitants thus leave the ghetto; those who remain are shot, but the escapees join the partisan detachments in the region.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
Juill. 1942 – 1944
Deportations from France, Belgium, and the NetherlandsShoah
France (rafle du Vel' d'Hiv), Belgique, Pays-Bas · France, Belgique, Pays-Bas
Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (July 16–17, 1942); ~76,000, ~25,000, and ~102,000 deported respectively.
Toll ~203 000 déportés
Juill.-août 1942
Liquidation of the Przemyśl ghettoShoah
Przemyśl · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied toward Bełżec; the Wehrmacht commander who attempts to retain his Jewish workers is disavowed.
Toll ~12 500
Juill. 1942
Liquidation of the Rzeszów ghettoShoah
Rzeszów · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied in three convoys to Bełżec, with shootings in the Głogów forest.
Toll ~20 000
Juill. 1942 – 1944
Westerbork Transit CampShoah
Westerbork (Pays-Bas) · Pays-Bas
Almost all Jews from the Netherlands passed through this camp before being sent to Auschwitz and Sobibór.
Toll ~102 000 déportés
juillet 1942
Shootings of BerezaShoah
Bereza · Biélorussie
The Jews of Bereza, a town in Polesia, are shot in summer at the edges of the locality; a few young people reach the marshes.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1942
Liquidation of the Kolbuszowa ghettoShoah
Kolbuszowa · Pologne
Town in the Sandomierz forest whose community is taken in summer to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1942
Executions at SevastopolShoah
Sébastopol · Ukraine
After the fall of the besieged city, the Jews still there are registered and then executed.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Juill. 1942 – 1944
Deportations from FranceShoah
France
Convoys leave from Drancy, Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande towards Auschwitz; the roundup of the Vel' d'Hiv on 16-17 July 1942 is the best-known episode.
Toll ~76 000 déportés
juill. 1942
Expulsion and deportation of the Jews of TarnobrzegShoah
Tarnobrzeg · Pologne
A city on the lower San whose community, driven beyond the river in the first weeks of occupation, is caught up in the convoys of summer.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1942 – août 1943
Treblinka death centerShoah
Treblinka · Pologne
The deadliest of the three centers of Operation Reinhard, where Jews from Warsaw and the entire district are brought.
Toll 700 000-900 000
juillet 1942
Uprising of the Nesvij GhettoShoah
Nesvij · Biélorussie
The enclosed set fire to the ghetto and confront the guards with bladed weapons and pistols; a handful escape, the others are shot — one of the very first ghetto uprisings.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1942
Liquidation of the Dąbrowa Tarnowska ghettoShoah
Dąbrowa Tarnowska · Pologne
A town in Little Poland whose ghetto was emptied in summer, the population taken to Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1942
Liquidation of the Dębica ghettoShoah
Dębica · Pologne
City on the Wisłoka where Jews were gathered in summer and transported to Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1942
Nancy roundupShoah
Nancy · France
The Jews of the city are arrested, some warned in time managing to flee.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Ghetto of TomachpilShoah
Tomachpil · Ukraine
Town in eastern Podolia that became a place of crowding for deportees from Bukovina and Bessarabia, Tomachpil sees a population accumulate in a few streets decimated by disease and cold.
Toll bilan non établi
1-15 juill. 1942
Fusillade des prisonniers de guerre juifs de BakhtchyssaraïShoah
Bakhtchyssaraï (camp de transit, Crimée) · Ukraine
Au camp de transit de Bakhtchyssaraï, un détachement du SD trie et fusille les prisonniers de guerre juifs de l'Armée rouge capturés à Sébastopol, avec des réfugiés krymtchaks de la même ville.
Toll 1 029 prisonniers de guerre et 18 réfugiés
11 juillet 1942
Black Saturday of SalonikaShoah
Salonique · Grèce
The Jewish men of the city are summoned to Liberty Square, humiliated for hours in the sun under blows, then recorded for forced labor in the region's worksites.
Toll bilan non établi
12-13 juill. 1942
Józefów shootingShoah
Józefów · Pologne
Reserve Police Battalion 101, composed of Hamburg reservists, shoots the community; the commander had offered his men the option to withdraw, a handful did so.
Toll ~1 500
15 juill. 1942
First convoy left WesterborkShoah
Westerbork · Pays-Bas
The first deportation train leaves Westerbork camp for Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
16-17 juill. 1942
Vel' d'Hiv' RoundupShoah
Paris, Vélodrome d'Hiver · France
French police arrest foreign Jewish families in Paris and confine them to the Vel' d'Hiv' before their transfer to the Loiret.
Toll bilan non établi
18 juillet 1942
Escape and liquidation of SharkawshchynaShoah
Sharkawshchyna · Biélorussie
Warned that the pits were ready, the ghetto inhabitants set fire to their own houses and rush en masse at the fences; most are caught in the fields and shot, but a few dozen reach the marshes and survive the war. It is one of the first collective escapes from a ghetto in Eastern Europe.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
21 juil. 1942
Uprising and liquidation of the Kletsk ghettoShoah
Kletsk · Biélorussie
At the same time as the neighboring town, the ghetto rose up and burned; the survivors who reached the marshes formed one of the first nuclei of Jewish fighters in the region.
Toll ~4 000 morts
21-22 juil. 1942
Revolt and liquidation of the Nesvizh GhettoShoah
Nesvizh · Biélorussie
Warned that the announced selection will be the last, the Jews of the ghetto refuse to leave, set fire to houses and oppose makeshift weapons to the forces investing the quarter; part reaches the forest, the rest perishes in combat or in the pits.
Toll ~4 000 morts
22 juill. – 21 sept. 1942
« Grossaktion » of WarsawShoah
Varsovie · Pologne
~265,000 deported to Treblinka, ~10,000 killed on site
Toll ~275 000
28-31 juill. 1942
Great action in the Minsk ghettoShoah
Minsk · Biélorussie
Four days of roundups and shootings in the ghetto; some of the victims were killed by gas trucks.
Toll ~10 000
Août-nov. 1942
Departures from the Rivesaltes campShoah
Rivesaltes · France
The internment camp of the Eastern Pyrenees serves as a gathering center for the southern zone: Jewish families are sorted there then sent to Drancy, from which convoys depart for Auschwitz.
Toll ~2 300 déportés
Août 1942
Murders of StavropolShoah
Stavropol · Russie
Local Jews and refugees who had arrived from Ukraine are murdered by Sonderkommando 10b, partly in the gas truck.
Toll plusieurs milliers
août 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of WieluńShoah
Wieluń · Pologne
Town destroyed by bombs on the first day of the war, its Jews deported in summer to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
1942-1943
Liquidation of the ghetto of SkalatShoah
Skalat · Ukraine
The ghetto of the Galician town is emptied by repeated actions; the last inhabitants are held in a labor camp, then shot when it is closed.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
août 1942
Liquidation of Zduńska Wola ghettoShoah
Zduńska Wola · Pologne
The ghetto of the textile city is emptied in a few days: inhabitants are gathered at the cemetery, sorted, then sent mostly to a killing center, a minority being transferred to the large neighboring ghetto to work there.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
Août 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of Nowy SączShoah
Nowy Sącz · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied toward Bełżec in three convoys, after shootings at the Jewish cemetery.
Toll ~16 000
août 1942
Liquidation of the Berezne ghettoShoah
Berezne · Ukraine
The community, swelled by Jews rounded up in the surrounding villages, was annihilated during the summer by pits dug near the city; craftsmen retained for the occupier's workshops were shot a few weeks later.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
été 1942
Ghetto of MourafaShoah
Mourafa · Ukraine
Town of Podolia under Romanian administration, Mourafa becomes a place of relegation for deportees from Bukovina; clandestine aid from Bucharest enables part of the enclosed to survive the winter.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of LimanowaShoah
Limanowa · Pologne
Town in the Beskides whose Jews were gathered in summer and taken to Bełżec, others shot in the nearby forest.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Radom ghettoShoah
Radom · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied in two successive actions, its inhabitants sent to Treblinka.
Toll ~30 000
août 1942
Liquidation of the Łosice ghettoShoah
Łosice · Pologne
A small town in eastern Podlachie whose Jews were led at the end of summer to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
1942-1943
Liquidation of the Chortkiv ghettoShoah
Chortkiv · Ukraine
The ghetto of the city in Galician Podolia is emptied through successive operations, its inhabitants sent to the death camp in the Lublin region or shot on the spot; the final operation leaves only hideouts and those who fled.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
août 1942
Liquidation of the Nowy Targ ghettoShoah
Nowy Targ · Pologne
Capital of the mountainous Podhale, whose community is taken in summer to the Bełżec killing camp.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the Wieliczka ghettoShoah
Wieliczka · Pologne
City of salt mines at the gates of Cracow, whose community is gathered in summer and transported to Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Roundups of the camps of Haute-GaronneShoah
Noé et Récébédou · France
The two Toulouse camps hand over their Jewish internees to convoys heading up toward Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
Août-sept. 1942
Fusillades d'ArmavirShoah
Armavir · Russie
Après la prise de la ville, plusieurs opérations de mise à mort se succèdent à Armavir et alentour ; la première vide l'orphelinat de ses pensionnaires juifs et de ceux qui les gardaient.
Toll 526
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Kovel ghettoShoah
Kovel · Ukraine
The two ghettos of the city are emptied within a few weeks; the inscriptions left by the victims in the synagogue have been preserved.
Toll ~13 000
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Kielce ghettoShoah
Kielce · Pologne
The ghetto is liquidated in a few days, its inhabitants deported to Treblinka.
Toll ~21 000
août 1942
Deportation from the Milles campShoah
Les Milles · France
The former tile factory of the Bouches-du-Rhône serves as a gathering center for convoys leaving the unoccupied zone.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the Sieradz ghettoShoah
Sieradz · Pologne
A town on the Warta whose community is taken away in late summer to Chełmno.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the Gorlice ghettoShoah
Gorlice · Pologne
Oil-producing town in the Carpathians whose community is led in summer to the Bełżec extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942
Liquidation de TrochenbrodShoah
Trochenbrod (Zofjówka) · Ukraine
Le seul bourg entièrement juif de Volhynie, fondé au XIXᵉ siècle, est vidé et ses habitants fusillés dans les fosses voisines ; le village disparaît de la carte.
Toll ~4 500
Août 1942
Massacres of SarnyShoah
Sarny · Ukraine
The Jews of the town and nearby hamlets, assembled in a camp, are shot in two days; some attempt to break through the barbed wire.
Toll ~14 000
Août 1942
Actions in the Boryslav ghettoShoah
Boryslav · Ukraine
The Jews of the oil city were deported to Bełżec or shot at Bronica.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Lutsk ghettoShoah
Loutsk · Ukraine
The ghetto was liquidated, its inhabitants shot on Polanka hill.
Toll ~17 000
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Kremenets ghettoShoah
Kremenets · Ukraine
The ghetto is liquidated in two weeks; its inhabitants set it on fire rather than leave.
Toll ~15 000
été 1942
Shootings in VolozhinShoah
Volojyn · Biélorussie
A town whose yeshiva had made it the center of Lithuanian Talmudic study, Volozhin saw its Jewish population confined, employed in forced labor, then shot in waves in the neighboring fields.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Roundup of the Septfonds campShoah
Septfonds · France
The camp of Tarn-et-Garonne delivers its Jewish internees to the convoy heading to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Roundups of AntwerpShoah
Anvers · Belgique
German police, aided by local police, round up Jewish families from Antwerp to the Malines barracks.
Toll bilan non établi
été 1942
Massacre of the children of YeïskShoah
Yeisk · Russie
Port of the Sea of Azov occupied during the advance toward the Caucasus, Yeïsk sees the Jewish residents of an orphanage evacuated and loaded into gas trucks, and the Jewish population of the city shot down in the days that follow.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Convoys from Zagreb to AuschwitzShoah
Zagreb · Croatie
The Ustaše authorities hand over to the Germans the Jews still detained in their camps and those arrested in Zagreb; convoys depart from the Croatian capital to Auschwitz during the summer.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Convoys from Stuttgart to TheresienstadtShoah
Stuttgart · Allemagne
The elderly Jews of Württemberg are gathered at Killesberg castle in Stuttgart and directed to the fortress of Theresienstadt in Bohemia.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of KostopilShoah
Kostopil · Ukraine
The ghetto, one of the most populated in the forest region, was liquidated in two days; the inhabitants were led to pits near the station and shot by a security detachment assisted by the Ukrainian auxiliary police.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
Août 1942
Gas vans of KrasnodarShoah
Krasnodar · Russie
Sonderkommando 10a uses gas vans against the Jews of the town and the patients in its hospitals.
Toll plusieurs milliers
août 1942
Roundup at Vernet Camp in AriègeShoah
Le Vernet d'Ariège · France
The Ariège camp, opened for Spanish Republicans, delivers its Jewish internees to the convoys of summer.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942
Great Action of the Lwów GhettoShoah
Lwów · Ukraine
The great action of August empties the ghetto toward Bełżec in three weeks.
Toll ~50 000
août 1942
Liquidation of the Bochnia ghettoShoah
Bochnia · Pologne
Town of the salt mines of Little Poland whose ghetto, emptied a first time at the end of summer, is completed the following year.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942 – 1944
Malines assembly campShoah
Malines (Belgique) · Belgique
The Dossin barracks serves as a transit camp for Belgian convoys to Auschwitz.
Toll ~25 000 déportés
août 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of JasłoShoah
Jasło · Pologne
Town in the Lower Carpathians whose Jews were taken in summer towards Bełżec, some shot in the nearby woods.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Roundup of the Nexon CampShoah
Nexon · France
The Haute-Vienne camp gathers foreign Jews from Limousin before their movement toward the occupied zone.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Liquidation of the Krosno ghettoShoah
Krosno · Pologne
Town in the Carpathian foothills whose ghetto is emptied in summer, part of the population shot on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Siedlce ghettoShoah
Siedlce · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied towards Treblinka after a gathering of several days in a meadow.
Toll ~10 000
août 1942
Amsterdam Night RoundupsShoah
Amsterdam · Pays-Bas
Amsterdam police arrested Jewish families at their homes, neighborhood by neighborhood, for Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Commissariat for Jewish QuestionsShoah
Bulgarie
A special commissariat is created to implement anti-Jewish measures; it prepares with a German envoy the agreement providing for the deportation of Jews from occupied territories and then from those of the kingdom.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1942
Deportation of Jews from Dąbrowa GórniczaShoah
Dąbrowa Górnicza · Pologne
Mining town in the Zagłębie whose community is gathered in summer and deported to Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1942
Actions of the Drohobycz GhettoShoah
Drohobycz · Ukraine
Major actions of summer, with deportations to Bełżec and shootings in Bronica forest.
Toll ~10 000
Août 1942
Liquidation of the Otwock ghettoShoah
Otwock · Pologne
The ghetto of the spa town is emptied towards Treblinka, hundreds of people shot in the streets.
Toll ~8 000
6 août 1942
Liquidation of the Dzyatlava ghettoShoah
Dzyatlava · Biélorussie
The ghetto, which sheltered a clandestine network supplying arms to the forests, is liquidated in a single day; several hundred inhabitants escape and swell the partisan detachments of the Lipiczany forest.
Toll ~3 000 morts
11-12 août 1942
Massacre of Zmievskaïa BalkaShoah
Zmievskaïa Balka (Rostov-sur-le-Don) · Russie
The largest mass shooting of Jews on the territory of present-day Russia.
Toll ~15 000-16 000 Juifs (site : ~27 000 victimes)
13 août 1942
Liquidation of the Mir ghettoShoah
Mir · Biélorussie
Mass shooting at Mir castle; part of the ghetto had escaped on August 9, warned by Oswald Rufeisen.
Toll ~2 900 au total pour la ville
19 août 1942
Massacre of BarShoah
Bar · Ukraine
The community of the old fortress in Podolia is led to the Kamianyi Maidan wood and shot; some craftsmen, retained for the workshops, will be killed in turn in autumn.
Toll ~3 000 morts
26 août 1942
Roundup of LimogesShoah
Limoges · France
Foreign Jews taking refuge in the city are arrested and gathered at Nexon.
Toll bilan non établi
26 août 1942
Roundups of 26 August in the free zoneShoah
Zone libre (France) · France
French police arrest foreign Jews throughout the unoccupied zone and hand them over to German authorities, who were not present there.
Toll ~6 500 arrêtés
26 août 1942
Liquidation of the Dubrovytsia ghettoShoah
Dubrovytsia · Ukraine
The ghetto of the Polesie town is surrounded at dawn; the inhabitants are led in columns to open pits on the edge of the city and shot during the day. A few families hide in the marshes and later join the partisans.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
26 août 1942
Clermont-Ferrand RoundupShoah
Clermont-Ferrand · France
Foreign Jews from Auvergne are arrested and transported to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
26 août 1942
Lyon roundupShoah
Lyon · France
The foreign Jews of the city are arrested at dawn and directed towards Vénissieux.
Toll bilan non établi
26 août 1942
Roundup of ToulouseShoah
Toulouse · France
French police arrest foreign Jews in the town and take them to camps in the region.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Szydłowiec ghettoShoah
Szydłowiec · Pologne
Quarrying town in Świętokrzyskie, almost entirely Jewish, whose population is taken in autumn to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Garwolin ghettoShoah
Garwolin · Pologne
A town southeast of Warsaw whose Jewish population was taken in autumn to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Jędrzejów ghettoShoah
Jędrzejów · Pologne
Abbatial town in the Radom district whose ghetto is emptied in autumn towards Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Węgrów ghettoShoah
Węgrów · Pologne
Town in Podlachie whose ghetto is emptied in autumn, the population taken to nearby Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1942
Shootings of HorokhivShoah
Horokhiv · Ukraine
The ghetto of Horokhiv is liquidated; the Jews of the town and neighboring hamlets are shot at the edge of a wood.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1942
Deportation of the Jews of the mineral watersShoah
Kislovodsk · Russie
Summoned for an alleged resettlement, the Jews of Kislovodsk and neighboring spa towns are taken by train to an anti-tank ditch near Mineralnye Vody and murdered.
Toll plusieurs milliers
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Zwoleń ghettoShoah
Zwoleń · Pologne
Town in the Radom district whose Jews, joined by those from neighboring villages, are taken in autumn toward Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Sokołów Podlaski ghettoShoah
Sokołów Podlaski · Pologne
A town in Podlachie near the killing center, whose community is led there in the autumn.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Miechów ghettoShoah
Miechów · Pologne
City north of Cracow whose Jewish population is transported in autumn to Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1942
Actions of the Brody GhettoShoah
Brody · Ukraine
The ghetto inhabitants are deported to Bełżec or shot on the spot.
Toll plusieurs milliers
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Włoszczowa ghettoShoah
Włoszczowa · Pologne
Borough of Kielecczyzna whose Jewish population is transported in autumn to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of KozieniceShoah
Kozienice · Pologne
Hasidic village of the Vistula whose community was taken in the autumn to the killing camp.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Kolomyia ghettoShoah
Kolomyia · Ukraine
The ghetto is emptied towards Bełżec; one convoy remains blocked for several days, most of the deported die before arrival.
Toll ~18 000
Sept.-oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Częstochowa ghettoShoah
Częstochowa · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied during the autumn holidays, the population sent to Treblinka.
Toll ~40 000
automne 1942
Liquidation of the Stoubtsy ghettoShoah
Stoubtsy · Biélorussie
A town on the Niemen where the border once passed, Stoubtsy sees its closed quarter emptied by an autumn roundup, the inhabitants led to the river's edge and shot down, some making their way to the woods.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1942
Derajnia ShootingsShoah
Derajnia · Ukraine
The Jews of Derajnia, a Podolia town near the railway, are shot in an action carried out the same autumn as those in neighboring localities.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1942
Ghetto of Yampil on the DniesterShoah
Yampil · Ukraine
Border town on the left bank of the Dniester, Yampil saw Jews from the locality and deportees from Bukovina mingling in its ghetto, under the guard of the gendarmerie and in the utmost destitution.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1942
Actions in the Stryj GhettoShoah
Stryj · Ukraine
The ghetto is emptied by successive convoys to Bełżec.
Toll plusieurs milliers
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Biała Podlaska ghettoShoah
Biała Podlaska · Pologne
Chief town of southern Podlachie, whose ghetto is emptied in autumn and its population sent to the Treblinka death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Sanok ghettoShoah
Sanok · Pologne
City on the San, at the gates of the Carpathians, whose ghetto was emptied in autumn toward Bełżec, part of it shot on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1942
Executions at LetytchivShoah
Letytchiv · Ukraine
The ghetto of Letytchiv is liquidated; its inhabitants are led out of town and executed at the edge of pits prepared the day before.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1942
Roundup of BolekhivShoah
Bolekhiv · Ukraine
The roundup of the small town in Eastern Galicia takes place over several days, house by house; those who do not leave in the wagons are shot in the cemetery or in courtyards. The account of these days, reconstructed long afterward by the descendants of a vanished family, made the town known well beyond the region.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Brzesko ghettoShoah
Brzesko · Pologne
A small town between Kraków and Tarnów whose Jews are assembled in autumn and taken to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1942
Actions in the ghetto of BorszczowShoah
Borszczow · Ukraine
The Jews of Borszczow and the villages of Galician Podolia are confined to a few streets, where typhus and hunger take their toll before roundups carry the inhabitants to mass graves and trains.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Roundup of BrusselsShoah
Bruxelles · Belgique
The Jewish quarters of Brussels are sealed at night and their inhabitants led to Malines.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1942
Lille RoundupShoah
Lille · France
Northern France and Pas-de-Calais, placed under Belgian command, see their Jews arrested and deported by Belgium.
Toll bilan non établi
1er-3 sept. 1942
Liquidation of the Volodymyr-Volynskyi ghettoShoah
Volodymyr-Volynskyi · Ukraine
The ghetto of one of the oldest towns in Volhynia is emptied in three days, its inhabitants taken by trucks to the outskirts and shot; a few hundred people hide in shelters dug beneath the houses.
Toll ~11 000 morts
3 sept. 1942
Revolt of the ghetto of LakhvaShoah
Lakhva · Biélorussie
Warned that the pits were being dug, the ghetto rises with axe and fire, breaks through the barricade and throws its inhabitants toward the Polesie marshes; most are caught, a few hundred survive and fight.
Toll ~2 000 morts
9 septembre 1942
Liquidation of the Kurenets ghettoShoah
Kurenets · Biélorussie
The ghetto inhabitants are gathered in the square then shot at the edge of pits dug at the edge of the town; part of the youth had fled in the preceding weeks to the forests of Naliboki, where they fought in partisan detachments.
Toll environ un millier de morts
11 sept. 1942
Massacre of StolinShoah
Stolin · Biélorussie
The Jews of the city and the towns of Polesie gathered there are led to the place called Stasino and shot at the edge of pits dug in the pine forest.
Toll ~7 000 morts
24 sept. 1942
Revolt of the ghetto of TuchynShoah
Tuchyn · Ukraine
Warned of the liquidation, the Jews of the town set fire to the ghetto and force the gate; about two thousand people reach the woods, most are hunted down in the following weeks, a few dozen survive.
Toll ~2 000 morts
28 sept. 1942
Camions à gaz de TcherkesskShoah
Tcherkessk · Russie
Les Juifs de la ville, occupée depuis le début d'août, sont asphyxiés dans des camions à gaz aux abords de l'agglomération.
Toll inconnu
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of Radzyń PodlaskiShoah
Radzyń Podlaski · Pologne
Town of Podlachie whose ghetto was liquidated in the autumn, the population taken to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Rotterdam Jew RoundupShoah
Rotterdam · Pays-Bas
The Jews of Rotterdam are arrested and taken to Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Przysucha GhettoShoah
Przysucha · Pologne
Hassidic town in the Radom district whose community is taken in autumn toward the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Tomaszów Mazowiecki ghettoShoah
Tomaszów Mazowiecki · Pologne
A textile town on the Pilica whose ghetto, one of the most populated in the district, was emptied in autumn toward Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Ghetto of Busko-ZdrójShoah
Busko-Zdrój · Pologne
Spa town in the Kielecczyzna region whose Jews are assembled in autumn and taken to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of ChmielnikShoah
Chmielnik · Pologne
Town of Kielecczyzna whose population was largely Jewish, taken in autumn toward Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Ostrów Lubelski ghettoShoah
Ostrów Lubelski · Pologne
Town in the wooded borderlands of Lubelskie, whose Jewish population is led in autumn to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Parczew ghettoShoah
Parczew · Pologne
Township of the forest borderlands of Lubelskie, whose Jews are taken in autumn toward Treblinka, part gaining the woods of Parczew.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of Skarżysko-KamiennaShoah
Skarżysko-Kamienna · Pologne
City of armament factories whose Jewish population is deported in autumn, part retained at the labor camp of the powder mills.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Lubartów ghettoShoah
Lubartów · Pologne
Town north of Lublin whose community, swollen by those expelled from the west, is sent in autumn to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Wołomin ghettoShoah
Wołomin · Pologne
Town in the eastern suburb of Warsaw whose Jews are led in autumn to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1942
Shootings in DubnoShoah
Dubno · Ukraine
The Jews of Dubno are shot at the outskirts of the city; the testimony of a German engineer present at the scene, read at the Nuremberg trial, is among the most cited accounts of the Holocaust by bullets.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Doubno ghettoShoah
Doubno · Ukraine
The last inhabitants of the ghetto are shot in pits on the periphery.
Toll plusieurs milliers
octobre 1942
Shootings in LioubomlShoah
Liouboml · Ukraine
The community of Liouboml, one of the oldest in Volhynia, is shot in autumn; its great stone synagogue is left in ruins.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Starachowice ghettoShoah
Starachowice · Pologne
Metallurgical city in Świętokrzyskie, where Jews are deported in autumn to Treblinka, with a few kept for factory work.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Ghetto of IłżaShoah
Iłża · Pologne
Small town in the Świętokrzyskie region whose Jewish population is transported in autumn to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Roundup of the Jews of The HagueShoah
La Haye · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of The Hague is arrested and then transported to Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Tomaszów Lubelski GhettoShoah
Tomaszów Lubelski · Pologne
City near the Galician border whose Jews are led in autumn to the death camp of Bełżec, nearby.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1942
Liquidation of Łuków GhettoShoah
Łuków · Pologne
The ghetto is emptied toward Treblinka in two actions, with shootings at the cemetery.
Toll ~10 000
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski ghettoShoah
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski · Pologne
Steel city in the Radom district whose ghetto is emptied in autumn, the population led to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1942
Liquidation of the Ghetto of PodhajceShoah
Podhajce · Ukraine
The closed quarter of Podhajce, where Jews from neighboring villages had been crowded together, is emptied by successive raids: part of it is shot on the spot in the cemetery, the other sent to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1942
Ostroh shootingsShoah
Ostroh · Ukraine
A former center of study in Volhynia, Ostroh sees its community shot in several actions; its yeshiva and Hebrew printing houses disappear with it.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1942
Hunt for the Jews of SzczebrzeszynShoah
Szczebrzeszyn · Pologne
For several days, the small town is the scene of a street-by-street hunt, fugitives shot down in courtyards and on doorsteps. The hospital doctor keeps his journal hour by hour and records what he sees from his window: this testimony, published after the war, is one of the most precise accounts of a liquidation witnessed from inside a town.
Toll plusieurs centaines de morts
octobre 1942
Liquidation of Radyvyliv GhettoShoah
Radyvyliv · Ukraine
At the announcement of liquidation, part of the inhabitants break through the fences and scatter into the fields; most are recaptured and shot with the others at the edge of the pits, but a handful reaches the woods and survives until liberation.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
octobre-novembre 1942
Liquidation of the Pinsk ghettoShoah
Pinsk · Biélorussie
One of the largest ghettos in Polesie is liquidated in a matter of days; the columns are led to pits dug on the outskirts of the city, and the last craftsmen are killed shortly after.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of PińczówShoah
Pińczów · Pologne
City on the Nida whose community, ancient and learned, is led in autumn to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Janów Lubelski ghettoShoah
Janów Lubelski · Pologne
Small town in the south of the district, emptied in autumn, its population taken to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of KockShoah
Kock · Pologne
Village of Podlachia, seat of a famous Hassidic dynasty, whose community was taken in autumn to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
octobre 1942
Liquidation of the Zdolbouniv ghettoShoah
Zdolbouniv · Ukraine
Railway junction in Volhynia where the community lived from workshops and commerce, Zdolbouniv sees its enclosed quarter surrounded at dawn, its inhabitants led to pits prepared at the city's edge.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1942
Liquidation of Poland's first ghettoShoah
Piotrków Trybunalski · Pologne
The ghetto opened in October 1939 is emptied toward Treblinka.
Toll ~22 000
oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Opoczno ghettoShoah
Opoczno · Pologne
Town on the Pilica whose ghetto is emptied in autumn and its population transported to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1942
Actions in Międzyrzec PodlaskiShoah
Międzyrzec Podlaski · Pologne
Crossroads town for deportations from the Lublin district, emptied by successive actions towards Treblinka.
Toll ~11 000
oct. 1942
Roundup of Jews from UtrechtShoah
Utrecht · Pays-Bas
Jewish families from Utrecht are assembled and deported via Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1er octobre 1942
Liquidation of the Liuboml ghettoShoah
Liuboml · Ukraine
The community of the old town of Volhynia, whose fortified synagogue had dominated the square for centuries, is shot in a single day in open pits outside the town; the columns cross the town under the eyes of the inhabitants.
Toll environ quatre mille morts
9-10 oct. 1942
Murder of children from the Ieysk orphanageShoah
Ieïsk · Russie
Jewish children evacuated from Simferopol and housed at the Ieysk orphanage are taken away in a gas truck.
Toll 214 enfants
14 oct. 1942
Shootings of MizotchShoah
Mizotch · Ukraine
The inhabitants of the ghetto attempt to resist then are shot in a ravine; the scene was photographed.
Toll ~1 700
15-18 oct. 1942
Liquidation of the Brest ghettoShoah
Brest (Bronnaïa Gora) · Biélorussie
Ghetto inhabitants taken by train and shot in the pits of Bronnaïa Gora.
Toll ~17 000
23 octobre 1942
Ashmyany SelectionShoah
Ashmyany · Biélorussie
The occupier demands that the chief of the Vilna ghetto himself deliver part of the population of the neighbouring ghetto; after discussion, the Jewish police designate elderly women and hand them over to the shooters, in the name of the calculation that a smaller number would save the others. The case was debated by survivors and remains one of the harshest dilemmas posed by the forced organization of ghettos.
Toll environ quatre cents morts
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Sokółka ghettoShoah
Sokółka · Pologne
Town north of Białystok whose ghetto was emptied in autumn towards Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov. 1942
Deportation of Jews from NorwayShoah
Norvège
Deportation to Auschwitz.
Toll ~770 déportés
Nov. 1942
Buczacz ShootingsShoah
Buczacz · Ukraine
The Jews of the town are shot on Fedor hill in successive waves, until spring 1943.
Toll plusieurs milliers
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Krynki ghettoShoah
Krynki · Pologne
Town of tanners near the border, whose Jewish population is taken in autumn to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Augustów ghettoShoah
Augustów · Pologne
City of the lakes of Suwalszczyzna whose Jews are gathered in autumn and deported.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov. 1942 – mai 1943
German occupation of TunisiaShoah
Tunisie
Forced labor camps, collective fines, wearing of the badge, deportation of some of the notables.
Toll ~5 000 hommes envoyés en camps de travail
novembre 1942
Liquidation of the Kamin-Kashyrskyi GhettoShoah
Kamin-Kashyrskyi · Ukraine
The community of the small town in the marshes, one of the oldest in Polesia, is annihilated at the beginning of winter; the inhabitants are led out of the town and shot, and the last artisans killed shortly after in the courtyard of their workshop.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Biłgoraj ghettoShoah
Biłgoraj · Pologne
Forest town in southern Lubelskie, whose Hasidic community was transported in autumn towards Bełżec.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Grajewo ghettoShoah
Grajewo · Pologne
City on the Biebrza from which the community is led in autumn to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of CiechanowiecShoah
Ciechanowiec · Pologne
Town on the Bug from which Jews are deported in autumn to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
automne 1942
Liquidation of the Trembowla ghettoShoah
Trembowla · Ukraine
An ancient city in Galicia dominated by the ruins of its fortress, Trembowla sees its community penned up then carried off by autumn and winter roundups, the sick and elderly being shot on the spot.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of PłońskShoah
Płońsk · Pologne
Town in northern Mazovia whose ghetto, one of the last in the region, was emptied in autumn towards Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov.-déc. 1942
Fusillade de l'aérodrome de NalchikShoah
Nalchik · Russie
Les Juifs ashkénazes de Nalchik, pour beaucoup des évacués, sont fusillés dans une fosse antichar à trois kilomètres de la ville, près de l'aérodrome militaire ; les Juifs des montagnes, que leurs voisins et un conseil local disent tats et non juifs, échappent à l'extermination avant la libération de la ville.
Toll ~600 à 1 000
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Bielsk Podlaski ghettoShoah
Bielsk Podlaski · Pologne
Town of Podlachie whose community is gathered in autumn and deported to Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Ciechanów ghettoShoah
Ciechanów · Pologne
Administrative center of Masovia annexed to the Reich, whose community is deported in autumn to Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Roundup of the Jews of GroningenShoah
Groningue · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of Groningen is arrested and driven to Westerbork camp.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Knyszyn ghettoShoah
Knyszyn · Pologne
Town in Podlachia where Jews are led in autumn to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
Nov. 1942 – mars 1943
Liquidation of the ghettos of GrodnoShoah
Grodno · Biélorussie
The two ghettos of the town are emptied by successive convoys to Treblinka and Auschwitz, after transit through the Kiełbasin camp.
Toll ~25 000 déportés
novembre 1942
Liquidation of the Lomza ghettoShoah
Lomza · Pologne
The community of the city on the Narew, whose yeshiva had spread as far as the Holy Land, is driven from the ghetto in early winter and led to the neighboring transit camp, from which convoys depart toward an extermination center.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Maków Mazowiecki ghettoShoah
Maków Mazowiecki · Pologne
City of Mazovia annexed whose Jews are gathered in autumn and deported toward Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1942
Liquidation of the Końskie ghettoShoah
Końskie · Pologne
Town in the district of Radom whose community is led in autumn to the killing camp of Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1942
Liquidation of Mława ghettoShoah
Mława · Pologne
City in Northern Mazovia whose ghetto is emptied in winter, the population deported to Auschwitz and Treblinka.
Toll bilan non établi
décembre 1942
Destruction of the Jewish cemetery of SalonikaShoah
Salonique (cimetière) · Grèce
The largest Jewish cemetery in Europe is razed by order of the occupation authorities; its stones are used as building material throughout the city.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1942
Liquidation of the ghetto of Nowy Dwór MazowieckiShoah
Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki · Pologne
Town at the confluence of the Narew and Vistula rivers, whose Jewish population was deported in winter towards Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1942
Deportation of the Hradec Králové communityShoah
Hradec Králové · Tchéquie
The last convoys from eastern Bohemia leave Hradec Králové for Theresienstadt; by year's end, the provincial communities of the Protectorate have ceased to exist.
Toll bilan non établi
9 décembre 1942
Raid of the Great Synagogue of TunisShoah
Tunis · Tunisie
A week after the arrival of German troops, the notables summoned to the Great Synagogue are held and men rounded up in the streets to be sent to labour camps.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
The Italian camp of RabShoah
Rab · Croatie
The Italian army interns on the island of Rab Jews whom it has removed from the Ustaše; after the armistice, the able-bodied internees join the partisans and some of the others are recaptured by the Germans.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Deportation of the Jews of LeeuwardenShoah
Leeuwarden · Pays-Bas
The Jewish community of Frisia is arrested in Leeuwarden and deported via Westerbork.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Roundups in Bordeaux and the Mérignac campShoah
Bordeaux et Mérignac · France
Arrests resume in Gironde and empty the Mérignac camp toward Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Roundups of GrenobleShoah
Grenoble · France
With the Italian occupation zone gone, Jews who had taken refuge in Isère are arrested.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Prague declared cleared of its JewsShoah
Prague · Tchéquie
The Protectorate administration announces that the capital is rid of its Jewish inhabitants; only employees of the reduced community, spouses of mixed marriages, and staff of the ritual objects depot remain.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
End of the Vienna communityShoah
Vienne · Autriche
The last convoys leave Vienna for Theresienstadt and Auschwitz; only a few Jewish council employees and persons protected by mixed marriage remain.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Roundups in Toulouse and Haute-GaronneShoah
Toulouse et la Haute-Garonne · France
A new wave of arrests strikes the city and the camps of the department.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Forced labor requisitions in SousseShoah
Sousse · Tunisie
The Jews of Sousse were subject to the occupier's work duties on roads and airfields; those who resisted were threatened with deportation.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Maintenance of the status of Jews in Algeria after the landingShoah
Algérie
The landing in November left laws of exclusion in effect for months; French citizenship would not be restored until the following autumn, after repeated interventions.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Last convoys departing from HamburgShoah
Hambourg · Allemagne
The last Jews of Hamburg still at liberty were deported to Theresienstadt and Auschwitz; the cemetery and communal buildings were confiscated.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Requisitions and hostages in SfaxShoah
Sfax · Tunisie
The community of Sfax must provide workers and pay its share of the collective fine; notables are held back until payment.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Hunt for Jewish Children Hidden in BelgiumShoah
Belgique
Children hidden in convents and families in Belgium are hunted by German police and their auxiliaries.
Toll bilan non établi
1943-1944
Vaivara CampsShoah
Vaivara (Estonie) · Estonie
Network of Estonian labor camps where survivors from the ghettos of Vilna and Kaunas are sent; detainees are evacuated or shot as the front approaches.
Toll plusieurs milliers
1943
Fine imposed on the community of DjerbaShoah
Djerba · Tunisie
The occupier demanded from the island a contribution in gold under threat of reprisals; the objects of worship and the jewelry of families were gathered to pay it.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Labor camp of MateurShoah
Mateur · Tunisie
The camp brings together Jewish workers requisitioned for military works in northern Tunisia, near the front line.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Maintenance of anti-Jewish laws in Morocco after the Allied landingShoah
Maroc
The November landing does not overturn the dahirs: it is not until the following year that the exclusion measures are repealed, and seized property takes even longer to be returned.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Yellow badge, collective fine and hostages in TunisiaShoah
Tunisie
The occupier imposes the wearing of a distinctive sign, demands a considerable fine from the community and holds notables as hostages to guarantee the supply of workers.
Toll bilan non établi
1943
Liquidation of the Sambir ghettoShoah
Sambir · Ukraine
The ghetto, where Jews from the entire region had been crammed, is liquidated by successive shootings in a nearby wood; a few families survive hidden in farms and in the hills until the arrival of the Red Army.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
janv. 1943
Opening of Vught campShoah
Vught · Pays-Bas
A concentration camp opens at Vught; Jewish families are interned there before being deported.
Toll bilan non établi
janvier 1943
Transit camp of ZambrówShoah
Zambrów · Pologne
Jews from the entire region are crowded into the city's barracks during autumn, without heating or care, and typhus breaks out; in the depths of winter, the survivors are driven to the station in extreme cold and deported to a killing center.
Toll plusieurs milliers de déportés
janvier 1943
Deportation from Proujany GhettoShoah
Proujany · Biélorussie
The Proujany ghetto, which had served as a refuge for Jews from neighbouring towns, is emptied in the middle of winter; those confined are taken by sleigh to the station then deported.
Toll bilan non établi
Janv. 1943
Deportation from the Pruzhany ghettoShoah
Pruzhany · Biélorussie
The ghetto, one of the last remaining in the region, was emptied in a few days; its inhabitants, packed into sledges then into wagons, were sent to the Upper Silesia camp and gassed upon arrival for most.
Toll ~10 000 déportés
janv. 1943
Roundups in the Opera QuarterShoah
Marseille (quartier de l'Opéra) · France
The Marseille arrests of winter strike the downtown quarters before the destruction of the Old Port.
Toll bilan non établi
21-22 janv. 1943
Roundup of the Jewish asylum of ApeldoornShoah
Apeldoorn · Pays-Bas
The patients and staff of the Jewish psychiatric asylum of Apeldoorn are forcibly boarded towards Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
22-24 janv. 1943
Marseille roundup and destruction of the Old PortShoah
Marseille · France
Roundup led by French police and the SS; the Old Port district is then demolished.
Toll 782 Juifs déportés
févr. 1943
Paris Raids of FebruaryShoah
Paris (février) · France
A new wave of arrests strikes the elderly and the sick in the capital's hospices.
Toll bilan non établi
févr. 1943
Liquidation of the Chrzanów ghettoShoah
Chrzanów · Pologne
City in eastern Upper Silesia whose community, one of the oldest in the region, is deported in winter to Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
9 févr. 1943
Roundup on Sainte-Catherine StreetShoah
Lyon (rue Sainte-Catherine) · France
Roundup by Klaus Barbie's Gestapo at the UGIF headquarters.
Toll 86 arrêtés, 3 survivants
Févr. 1943
Ghetto de ShanghaiShoah
Shanghai (Hongkou) · Chine
Sur pression allemande, l'occupant japonais confine environ vingt mille réfugiés juifs d'Europe dans un secteur d'un kilomètre carré de Hongkou, déjà surpeuplé et insalubre ; la faim et la maladie y font des centaines de morts.
Toll centaines
27 févr. 1943
Roundup of factories and Rosenstrasse protestShoah
Berlin · Allemagne
The last Jewish forced laborers in Berlin are arrested at their workplaces; those married to non-Jewish spouses are confined on Rosenstrasse, where their wives gather for several days in front of the building until their release.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Liquidation of the ghetto of ZhovkvaShoah
Zhovkva · Ukraine
The community of the city with Renaissance fortifications, whose synagogue was considered one of the finest in the country, was shot in Borek wood; families hidden in cellars and underground passages held out there for months.
Toll plusieurs milliers de morts
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of DramaShoah
Drama · Grèce
Tobacco city in Thrace occupied, Drama sees its Jews gathered at dawn, stripped of their property inventoried on the spot, then taken to embarkation points from which they leave for the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of PirotShoah
Pirot · Serbie
Serbian districts annexed by Bulgaria surrender their Jews: those of Pirot are gathered in spring and joined to convoys crossing the Danube toward the East.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of Nea OrestiadaShoah
Nea Orestiada · Grèce
As throughout western Thrace administered by Bulgarian troops, the Jews of the city are gathered within hours and sent eastward.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Halt to deportations from old BulgariaShoah
Bulgarie
Convoys planned from the kingdom's towns are suspended following interventions by deputies, bishops and notables with the king; Jews from occupied territories had already been handed over.
Toll bilan non établi
Mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of MacedoniaShoah
Macédoine (Skopje, Bitola) · Macédoine du Nord
The Jews of Skopje, Bitola and Štip are gathered at the Monopol tobacco factory in Skopje then deported to Treblinka.
Toll ~7 100 déportés
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of SerresShoah
Serres · Grèce
City of eastern Macedonia under occupation, Serres sees its community rounded up on the same day as those throughout the province, confined to a depot then directed toward the river and rail, until the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
Mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of ThraceShoah
Thrace occidentale · Grèce
The communities of Komotini, Xanthi and Kavala, occupied by Bulgaria, are rounded up in a single night and deported to Treblinka.
Toll ~4 200 déportés
mars-juill. 1943
Convoys from Westerbork to SobiborShoah
Westerbork · Pays-Bas
A long series of trains conducts the Jews from the Netherlands from the Westerbork camp to the Sobibor killing center.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of Jews from AlexandroupoliShoah
Alexandroupoli · Grèce
As Western Thrace is administered by the Bulgarian occupier, the Jews of the city are handed over and transported by river to the camps in the East.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of DidymoteichoShoah
Didymoteicho · Grèce
City in the Évros valley, Didymoteicho saw its Jewish families arrested on the same day as those throughout the occupied province and taken toward the death camp, by river then by rail.
Toll bilan non établi
Mars-août 1943
Deportation of Jews from SaloniqueShoah
Salonique · Grèce
Deportation to Auschwitz.
Toll ~46 000 déportés
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of KomotiniShoah
Komotini · Grèce
Capital of occupied Thrace, Komotini sees its community gathered in a tobacco depot, its belongings seized and inventoried, before departure to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of VranjeShoah
Vranje · Serbie
The small community of Vranje, placed under Bulgarian administration, is arrested at the same time as those of Macedonia and led toward deportation trains.
Toll bilan non établi
Mars 1943
Deportations from Thrace and MacedoniaShoah
Thrace et Macédoine · Grèce et Macédoine du Nord
Territories occupied by Bulgaria; deportation to Treblinka.
Toll 11 343 déportés
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of SoufliShoah
Soufli · Grèce
The small community of the Èvre valley is rounded up with those of Thrace and handed over to German authorities; no family will return to settle there.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of the Jews of KavalaShoah
Kavala · Grèce
Port of occupied Thrace, Kavala sees its community rounded up in a single night in early spring, shut up in a tobacco warehouse, then taken by barges and rail across the neighboring country to the death camp, from which few or none returned.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Baron Hirsch Transit Ghetto in SalonikaShoah
Salonique (Baron Hirsch) · Grèce
The working-class quarter adjoining the station is enclosed by palisades and serves as an antechamber to the convoys: families are gathered there for a few days before being boarded.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Deportation of Jews from XanthiShoah
Xanthi · Grèce
City of Thrace occupied, Xanthi sees its Jews arrested at dawn, held for a few days in a school, then led across the neighboring country to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Roundup and deportation of the Jews of SkopjeShoah
Skopje · Macédoine du Nord
The Jews of the city, arrested in a single night by Bulgarian authorities, are locked in the Monopoly tobacco warehouse before leaving in three convoys toward the East.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1943
Roundup and deportation of the Jews of ŠtipShoah
Štip · Macédoine du Nord
The community of Štip is gathered at dawn by Bulgarian police, transferred to the warehouse of the Macedonian capital, then handed over to deportation convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
13-14 mars 1943
Liquidation of the Cracow ghettoShoah
Cracovie · Pologne
The ghetto is liquidated in two days: some are sent to Płaszów, others to Auschwitz, hundreds shot in the streets.
Toll ~2 000 tués sur place
avril 1943
Deportation of Tunis notables to EuropeShoah
Tunis · Tunisie
A small group of community leaders and prominent figures is transferred out of the protectorate to mainland camps; very few return.
Toll bilan non établi
19 avr. 1943
Attack on the twentieth convoy at BoortmeerbeekShoah
Boortmeerbeek · Belgique
Three resistants stop the twentieth convoy from Malines at Boortmeerbeek and open a wagon; deportees escape, others are shot along the tracks.
Toll bilan non établi
19 avril – 16 mai 1943
Warsaw Ghetto UprisingShoah
Varsovie · Pologne
Crushing of the uprising.
Toll ~13 000 tués, ~50 000 déportés
mai 1943
Expulsion of Jews from Sofia to the provincesShoah
Sofia · Bulgarie
The Jews of the capital receive orders to leave Sofia within days for towns inland, with what they can carry; a demonstration in the city streets is dispersed and its leaders arrested.
Toll bilan non établi
26 mai 1943
Great roundup of the old quarter of AmsterdamShoah
Amsterdam, quartier juif · Pays-Bas
German police seal off the old Jewish quarter of Amsterdam and empty its streets in a single day.
Toll bilan non établi
Juin 1943
Final liquidation of the Lwów ghettoShoah
Lwów · Ukraine
The last inhabitants of the ghetto are shot or sent to the Janowska camp; the ghetto is set on fire.
Toll plusieurs milliers
20 juin 1943
Roundup of the south and east quarters of AmsterdamShoah
Amsterdam, quartiers sud et est · Pays-Bas
The south and east quarters of Amsterdam are sealed off at dawn and their Jewish inhabitants taken away.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1943
German takeover of Drancy campShoah
Drancy (commandement allemand) · France
The camp came under direct German command and the pace of convoys to the east accelerated.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1943
Liquidation of the ghetto of BiałystokShoah
Białystok · Pologne
The inhabitants of the ghetto rise up on August 16; the ghetto is liquidated in a few days towards Treblinka and Majdanek.
Toll ~25 000
Août-oct. 1943
Liquidation of the ghettos of Białystok, Vilna and MinskShoah
Białystok, Vilna, Minsk · Pologne, Lituanie, Biélorussie
Białystok (August), Vilna (September), Minsk (October).
Toll dizaines de milliers
Août 1943
Liquidation of the ghettos of Sosnowiec and BędzinShoah
Sosnowiec et Będzin · Pologne
The two ghettos of Upper Silesia, gathered in the Środula suburb, are liquidated toward Auschwitz despite an attempt at resistance.
Toll ~30 000
Août 1943
Murder of the 86 deportees of the "skeleton collection"Shoah
Natzweiler-Struthof · France
86 Jews selected at Auschwitz and gassed at Struthof for August Hirt's anatomical collection.
Toll 86
août 1943
Liquidation of the Zawiercie ghettoShoah
Zawiercie · Pologne
Industrial city in the Zagłębie whose ghetto, one of the last in the region, was emptied in summer toward Auschwitz.
Toll bilan non établi
2 août 1943
Treblinka camp revoltShoah
Treblinka · Pologne
Uprising of camp detainees.
Toll quelques dizaines de survivants à la guerre
20 août 1943
Liquidation of the Hlybokaïe ghettoShoah
Hlybokaïe · Biélorussie
The ghetto, where Jews from neighboring towns had been gathered, is liquidated; some of those enclosed attempt a desperate revolt.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1943
Arrest of the Jews of Dubrovnik after Italian capitulationShoah
Dubrovnik · Croatie
One of the oldest communities of the Adriatic, protected until then by the Italian occupier, is arrested upon the arrival of German troops on the coast.
Toll bilan non établi
sept.-déc. 1943
Nice roundupShoah
Nice · France
After Italian withdrawal, arrests strike the city and county of Nice where thousands of Jews had taken refuge.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1943
Liquidation of the Vilna ghettoShoah
Vilna · Lituanie
The ghetto of the « Jerusalem of Lithuania » is liquidated: men sent to Estonia, women and children to Sobibór, the rest shot at Ponary.
Toll ~10 000
Sept. 1943 – 1945
Camp of FossoliShoah
Fossoli (Italie) · Italie
After the German occupation of Italy, the Fossoli camp becomes the main transit camp to Auschwitz; Primo Levi passes through it in February 1944.
Toll ~2 800 déportés
sept. 1943
The Borgo San Dalmazzo campShoah
Borgo San Dalmazzo · Italie
The Jews who took refuge in Saint-Martin-Vésubie cross the Alpine passes after the Italian armistice and are arrested in the Stura valley; interned at Borgo San Dalmazzo, they are handed over to the Germans and directed toward Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
sept. 1943
The family camp at BirkenauShoah
Theresienstadt · Tchéquie
Convoys leave Theresienstadt for a particular sector of Birkenau, where deportees keep their clothes and families and write postcards dated in advance; the sector is liquidated after a few months, in two waves.
Toll bilan non établi
septembre 1943
Arrest of the Jews of Sušak after the Italian surrenderShoah
Sušak · Croatie
The port of Sušak, neighbor to Fiume, had welcomed refugees in the Italian zone: all are rounded up when the region passes under German control.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept.-oct. 1943
Lake Maggiore MassacresShoah
Meina et rives du lac Majeur · Italie
First massacre of Jews in Italy, committed by the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler at Meina, Arona, Baveno, Stresa and Intra.
Toll ~56
septembre 1943
Arrest of the Jews of Split after Italian capitulationShoah
Split · Croatie
The Italian zone had served as a refuge for the Jews of Dalmatia; when German troops settle there, the community of Split and the refugees it harbored are hunted down.
Toll bilan non établi
3-4 sept. 1943
Roundup of Belgian Jews from AntwerpShoah
Anvers · Belgique
The occupant extends the roundup to Jews of Belgian nationality, previously spared, in Antwerp and Brussels.
Toll bilan non établi
29 sept. 1943
Last major roundup of AmsterdamShoah
Amsterdam · Pays-Bas
The last Jews recorded in Amsterdam, including the Jewish council, are arrested; the city is declared empty of Jews.
Toll bilan non établi
Oct. 1943 – 1945
Risiera di San SabbaShoah
Trieste (Risiera di San Sabba) · Italie
A former rice mill transformed into a police and transit camp, the only camp in Western Europe equipped with a crematory oven.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Oct. 1943
Liquidation of the Minsk ghettoShoah
Minsk · Biélorussie
The last great ghetto of Belarus is liquidated, the survivors gassed at Maly Trostenets.
Toll ~4 000
1-2 oct. 1943
Failed roundup in DenmarkShoah
Danemark
Warned a few days earlier, the community is hidden then taken to Sweden by fishing boats: approximately 7,200 people escape deportation.
Toll 481 déportés
14 oct. 1943
Revolt of Sobibór campShoah
Sobibór · Pologne
Uprising led by Aleksandr Pechersky and Leon Feldhendler; the camp is closed and razed.
Toll une cinquantaine de survivants à la guerre
16 oct. 1943
Roundup of the Rome GhettoShoah
Rome · Italie
1,023 deported, 16 survivors.
Toll 1 023 déportés
Nov. 1943
Erasure of traces at Fort IXShoah
Kaunas (IXᵉ fort) · Lituanie
A commando of prisoners is forced to exhume and burn the bodies of those shot at the fort; sixty-four escape on the night of December 25.
Toll plusieurs dizaines de milliers de corps
nov. 1943
Arrests in FerraraShoah
Ferrare · Italie
The community of Ferrara, one of the oldest in Emilia, is arrested in successive waves; its members are grouped in the city's prisons then sent to the Fossoli camp.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1943
Arrests in Milan and San Vittore prisonShoah
Milan · Italie
Jews in Milan are arrested at their homes and gathered in a reserved section of San Vittore prison, from which convoys depart for Fossoli camp.
Toll bilan non établi
3 nov. 1943
Shootings of the 'Erntefest' at TrawnikiShoah
Trawniki · Pologne
The detainees of the labor camp are shot in pits prepared the day before.
Toll ~10 000
3-4 nov. 1943
« Erntefest »Shoah
Majdanek, Poniatowa, Trawniki · Pologne
The largest mass shooting of the Shoah, in two days
Toll ~42 000 fusillés
nov. 1943
Genoa RoundupShoah
Gênes · Italie
German police arrest the rabbi of Genoa in his synagogue and use the community registers to seize families; those arrested are sent to the transit camp of Modena and then eastward.
Toll bilan non établi
3-4 nov. 1943
Shootings of the 'Erntefest' at MajdanekShoah
Majdanek · Pologne
Jewish detainees are shot in ditches dug behind the crematorium, to the sound of music broadcast by loudspeakers.
Toll ~18 000
4 nov. 1943
Shooting at the "Erntefest" in PoniatowaShoah
Poniatowa · Pologne
The inmates of the labor camp, mostly from the Warsaw ghetto, are shot in a single day.
Toll ~14 000
5 nov. 1943
Action of the children of ŠiauliaiShoah
Šiauliai · Lituanie
The ghetto is sealed and children, the sick and the elderly are extracted from it to be taken to Auschwitz while adults are held at their places of work.
Toll ~570 enfants et vieillards
6 nov. 1943
Florence RoundupShoah
Florence · Italie
The Germans occupy the seat of the Florence community and the city's nursing homes; arrests continue in waves until spring, despite shelters offered by Tuscan convents.
Toll bilan non établi
nov. 1943
Verona Manifesto and Arrest OrdinanceShoah
Vérone · Italie
The congress of the republican fascist party declares in Verona that Jews belong to an enemy nationality; a few days later a police ordinance prescribes their arrest and internment in provincial camps.
Toll bilan non établi
30 nov. 1943
Police Order No. 5Shoah
Italie
The Italian Social Republic orders the arrest and internment of all Jews on its territory and the confiscation of their property.
Toll —
déc. 1943
Arrests in TurinShoah
Turin · Italie
The authorities of the fascist republic draw up lists of Jews in Turin and proceed with arrests; the detainees pass through the city's prisons before being handed over to the Germans.
Toll bilan non établi
déc. 1943
Roundup of VeniceShoah
Venise · Italie
Italian police and German police arrest during the night the Jewish inhabitants of the Venice ghetto, house by house; the community's registers had been seized a few weeks earlier.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Arrests in LivornoShoah
Livourne · Italie
The city where Jews had obtained the broadest privileges in the peninsula sees its community arrested in small groups; its great synagogue, ruined by bombardment, will not be rebuilt in the same form.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Roundup at the Venice rest homeShoah
Venise · Italie
The elderly and sick residents of the Venice Jewish rest home are taken away in turn; the last Jewish inhabitants of the ghetto are arrested in the following months.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Continuation of arrests in GenoaShoah
Gênes · Italie
Following the synagogue roundup, police continue searching for Jewish families in Genoa and the Ligurian Riviera; many cross into Switzerland or head to the mountains of the interior.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Arrests in BolognaShoah
Bologne · Italie
The Jews of Bologna are sought from the racial census lists; arrests follow in succession over months and the interned rejoin the nearby Fossoli camp.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Arrests in AnconaShoah
Ancône · Italie
The community of Ancona, port on the Adriatic where Jews had lived since the Middle Ages, is hunted by the police of the fascist republic; some of its members hide in farms in the Marches until the arrival of the Allies.
Toll bilan non établi
1944
Convoys from Milan to the eastShoah
Milan · Italie
The convoys departing from the underground station in Milan carry eastward the internees gathered at San Vittore then at Bolzano; the platform from which they left will later be dedicated to their memory.
Toll bilan non établi
1944-1945
Death marchesShoah
Europe
Death marches and camp evacuations.
Toll ~250 000 morts (toutes catégories)
mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of VolosShoah
Volos · Grèce
Port of Thessaly, Volos sees its community targeted by the spring roundup; warned by its rabbi and by the city's metropolitan, a large part had already dispersed into the villages of Pelion and into the mountains, so that the roundup seizes only a minority, taken to the transit camp and then to the killing camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of TrikalaShoah
Trikala · Grèce
A town in Thessaly, Trikala sees its Jews arrested during the spring roundup, some having fled to mountain villages, others being taken to the capital's transit camp and then to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of LarissaShoah
Larissa · Grèce
A city of Thessaly, Larissa sees its Jews summoned one spring morning on the pretext of a census, then retained and taken to the transit camp near the capital, from which convoys depart for the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of KastoriaShoah
Kastoria · Grèce
City of western Macedonia on the edge of its lake, Kastoria sees its Romaniote community, one of the oldest in the country, arrested one spring morning and taken by trucks to the neighboring large city, then by convoy to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
24 mars 1944
Ardeatine CavesShoah
Fosses Ardéatines (Rome) · Italie
75 Jews among 335 shot.
Toll 75 Juifs
24 mars 1944
Round-up of AthensShoah
Athènes · Grèce
Jews summoned to the synagogue for the distribution of unleavened bread are arrested, along with those whom the community's lists enable to be found.
Toll ~1 700 déportés
24 mars 1944
Roundup of Jews from PrevezaShoah
Preveza · Grèce
The community of the Epirus port is arrested the same day as those of Arta and Ioannina, then transported by road and rail to the camps.
Toll bilan non établi
24 mars 1944
Roundup of the Chalcis communityShoah
Chalcis · Grèce
Part of the Euboea community, forewarned, escaped to the mountains and maquis; those who remained were arrested and deported.
Toll bilan non établi
24 mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of ArtaShoah
Arta · Grèce
Summoned one spring morning, the Jews of Arta are gathered and then led to camps on the mainland; the community of Epirus disappears in a single day.
Toll bilan non établi
24 mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of AgrinioShoah
Agrinio · Grèce
The few Jewish families of the town of Aetolia are arrested and added to the convoy assembled for continental Greece.
Toll bilan non établi
24 mars 1944
Roundup of the Jews of KarditsaShoah
Karditsa · Grèce
The Thessaly community is arrested during the operation carried out the same day in several towns in the central part of the country.
Toll bilan non établi
25 mars 1944
Deportation of the Jews of IoanninaShoah
Ioannina · Grèce
The Romaniote community, one of the oldest in Europe, deported to Auschwitz.
Toll ~1 850 déportés
27-28 mars 1944
« Kinderaktion » of the Kaunas ghettoShoah
Kaunas · Lituanie
Abduction and murder of the ghetto's children and elderly.
Toll ~1 700
avril 1944
Deportation of the Jews of Murska SobotaShoah
Murska Sobota · Slovénie
With Prekmurje having been annexed by Hungary, the community of Murska Sobota, the largest in Slovenia, is locked in the ghetto and then directed toward the convoys of spring.
Toll bilan non établi
avril 1944
Deportation of the Jews of LendavaShoah
Lendava · Slovénie
The Jewish families of Lendava, placed under Hungarian administration with the rest of Prekmurje, are gathered then deported with those of the neighbouring region.
Toll bilan non établi
6 avril 1944
Roundup of the Izieu houseShoah
Izieu · France
Roundup ordered by Klaus Barbie; only one adult will survive.
Toll 44 enfants et 7 éducateurs
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of KateriniShoah
Katerini · Grèce
The community at the foot of Olympus is arrested during the spring roundups in Macedonia and taken to convoys in the north of the country.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SighetShoah
Sighet · Roumanie
County seat of Maramureș, Sighet sees its Hasidic community confined to two closed quarters of the center, then taken in a few weeks by convoys to the extermination camp, the villages of the Tisza valley being emptied at the same time.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of FlorinaShoah
Florina · Grèce
The community of Western Macedonia, long spared by the Italian occupation zone, is rounded up after the change of occupant.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of BistrițaShoah
Bistrița · Roumanie
An old Saxon town in northern Transylvania, Bistrița sees its Jews led to an open-air camp set up on a nearby farm, where they remain for several weeks before convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of KozaniShoah
Kozani · Grèce
The families of the town are gathered then led to the transit camp of Larissa, from which the spring convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
Mai-juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of Northern TransylvaniaShoah
Transylvanie du Nord · Roumanie
The Jews of Cluj, Oradea, Satu Mare and Târgu Mureș, attached to Hungary since 1940, were gathered in makeshift ghettos then deported to Auschwitz.
Toll ~130 000 déportés
mai 1944
Roundup of the Jews of VeriaShoah
Veria · Grèce
City in Macedonia, Veria sees the Jews who remained in place arrested in spring, part of the community having found refuge in villages and with the resistance of the mountains, before the others are taken to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of BeregszászShoah
Beregszász · Ukraine
A town of vineyards in Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Beregszász saw its Jews and those from surrounding villages crammed into a brickyard, searched and stripped, then taken by convoys towards the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of UngvárShoah
Ungvár · Ukraine
Chief town of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Ungvár sees its community assembled in a brick factory and sawmill on the outskirts of the town, where families wait in the open air before being loaded in successive convoys toward the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of ClujShoah
Cluj · Roumanie
Capital of Northern Transylvania, Cluj saw its Jews gathered in a brickworks on the outskirts, where interrogations sought hidden goods, before convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of Satu MareShoah
Satu Mare · Roumanie
City in Northern Transylvania, seat of a great Hasidic court, Satu Mare sees its community and those of neighboring towns penned into a closed quarter then into a defunct factory, before being taken by convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of Târgu MureșShoah
Târgu Mureș · Roumanie
A city in Northern Transylvania, Târgu Mureș sees its community locked in a brickyard on the outskirts along with those from towns in the district, then taken by convoy to the killing camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of DejShoah
Dej · Roumanie
City of the salt mines of northern Transylvania, Dej sees its Jews and those of the district led into a wood on the periphery, where they camp under the trees for several weeks before convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of NyíregyházaShoah
Nyíregyháza · Hongrie
Chief town of Szabolcs county, Nyíregyháza sees its community taken to open-air camps set up on neighbouring farms, where Jews from villages are also crammed, before the spring convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of the Jews of MunkácsShoah
Munkács · Ukraine
Large community of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, famous for its talmudic schools, Munkács sees its Jews locked in spring in two closed districts then in a brickyard on the periphery, before being taken in several days by convoys to the death camp in Upper Silesia.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1944
Deportation of Jews from Baia MareShoah
Baia Mare · Roumanie
A mining town in Northern Transylvania, Baia Mare sees its community gathered in a brickyard and in a closed quarter of the center, before being taken by convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
15 mai – 9 juill. 1944
Deportation of Hungarian JewsShoah
Hongrie
~437,000 deported, mainly to Auschwitz (~320,000 gassed upon arrival).
Toll ~437 000 déportés
15 mai – 7 juin 1944
Deportation of Jews from Sub-Carpathian RutheniaShoah
Ruthénie subcarpatique · Ukraine
The communities of Munkács, Ungvár, Huszt and the neighboring valleys are the first deported from Hungary to Auschwitz.
Toll ~100 000 déportés
20 mai 1944
End of the Jewish community of ChaniaShoah
La Canée · Grèce
The Jews of the town, arrested in Crete, are embarked on a ship sunk at sea off the island; none return, and the community ceases to exist.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SalgótarjánShoah
Salgótarján · Hongrie
A mining town in the north of the kingdom, Salgótarján sees its Jews enclosed in a closed quarter then led to the gathering camps in the region, from which convoys depart in mid-spring.
Toll bilan non établi
Juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of CorfuShoah
Corfou · Grèce
The Romaniote community of the island is gathered in the old fortress then taken by boat and train to Auschwitz.
Toll ~1 800 déportés
Juin-juill. 1944
Deportation of the Jews of Corfu, Rhodes and KosShoah
Corfou, Rhodes, Kos · Grèce
Corfu (~1,800), Rhodes and Kos (~1,700).
Toll ~3 500 déportés
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of DebrecenShoah
Debrecen · Hongrie
Second city of the kingdom, Debrecen saw its Jews locked in a closed quarter then taken to the brick factory of Serly, where communities from the county also arrived, before the convoys of late spring.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SzékesfehérvárShoah
Székesfehérvár · Hongrie
Former coronation city, Székesfehérvár sees its Jews gathered in a closed quarter of the center then in a brickyard, with the communities of neighboring towns, before the summer convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SzolnokShoah
Szolnok · Hongrie
City on the Middle Tisza, Szolnok sees its Jews led to a disused sugar factory converted into a gathering camp, where communities from the county also converge, before the summer convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SátoraljaújhelyShoah
Sátoraljaújhely · Hongrie
City on the northern frontier, Sátoraljaújhely sees its Jews and those of the district confined to a very dense closed quarter, then taken by successive convoys to the extermination camp.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of GyöngyösShoah
Gyöngyös · Hongrie
City of vineyards at the foot of the Mátra mountains, Gyöngyös sees its Jews gathered in a closed quarter then in a brickyard, with those from villages in the district, before the convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of ReghinShoah
Reghin · Roumanie
A town in the Mureș valley, Reghin sees its Jewish families regrouped in a brickyard then directed to the neighboring town, from which convoys depart for the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of MakóShoah
Makó · Hongrie
City of market gardens on the lower Tisza, Makó sees its Jews confined to a closed quarter then directed towards the gathering camps of the region, from which the summer convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of BékéscsabaShoah
Békéscsaba · Hongrie
A town on the great plain, Békéscsaba sees its community gathered in a tobacco factory on the periphery, with those from the towns of the county, before the summer convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of GyőrShoah
Győr · Hongrie
A confluence town in northern Transdanubia, Győr sees its community confined to a closed quarter then taken to a defunct factory, before convoys in early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of HatvanShoah
Hatvan · Hongrie
A town in the plain north of the capital, Hatvan sees its community and those of nearby hamlets packed into a sugar refinery converted into a concentration camp, before convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of KarcagShoah
Karcag · Hongrie
A town in the great plain, Karcag saw its Jewish families grouped in a closed quarter and then led to the assembly camps of the county, from which the convoys departed.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of Jews from JászberényShoah
Jászberény · Hongrie
Town in the Jazyges region, Jászberény sees its community penned in a closed quarter then taken to the assembly points of the region, from where the convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of Jews from BalassagyarmatShoah
Balassagyarmat · Hongrie
City on the northern border, Balassagyarmat sees its community penned in a very narrow closed quarter, then taken by convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
juin 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SzegedShoah
Szeged · Hongrie
City on the lower Tisza, Szeged saw its community gathered in the new synagogue and the adjoining streets, then in a brickyard on the outskirts, before the convoys that departed in early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
6 juin 1944
Evacuation of Jewish children from VughtShoah
Vught · Pays-Bas
The Jewish children interned at Vught camp were taken with their mothers to Sobibor.
Toll bilan non établi
23 juin 1944
Visit of the Red Cross to TheresienstadtShoah
Theresienstadt · Tchéquie
A delegation from the International Committee of the Red Cross is received in a repainted ghetto, where the barracks have been emptied by convoys that left shortly before; a film is made in the wake of this to extend the staging.
Toll bilan non établi
juill. 1944
Massacre at the Guerry wellShoah
Puits de Guerry · France
Jews interned in the Cher are thrown into a farm well by a German commando.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SárvárShoah
Sárvár · Hongrie
A town in western Transdanubia, Sárvár sees its Jews led to a camp installed in a former factory, where families from the region also flow in, before convoys to the death camp.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of KaposvárShoah
Kaposvár · Hongrie
County seat of Somogy, Kaposvár sees its Jews and those of the surrounding towns gathered in a barracks and a brickyard, before the convoys of early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of PápaShoah
Pápa · Hongrie
City of northern Transdanubia, seat of an ancient community, Pápa saw its Jews confined to a closed quarter then to a disused factory, before the convoys of summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of BajaShoah
Baja · Hongrie
City on the southern Danube, Baja sees its community assembled with those of the region in municipal premises, then directed toward the departure points of the convoys.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of SzombathelyShoah
Szombathely · Hongrie
City of western Transdanubia, Szombathely saw its community locked in a closed quarter then in a factory on the outskirts, before the convoys of early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of NagykanizsaShoah
Nagykanizsa · Hongrie
City in southern Transdanubia, Nagykanizsa sees its community regrouped in a closed quarter then taken to the gathering points of the region, from which the convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of PécsShoah
Pécs · Hongrie
Episcopal city of southern Transdanubia, Pécs sees its Jews penned in a brickyard in the suburbs with those of the county, searched and stripped, before convoys in early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of EsztergomShoah
Esztergom · Hongrie
Former ecclesiastical capital on the Danube, Esztergom sees its Jews gathered in a closed quarter and then in a camp on the outskirts, before the convoys of early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of VeszprémShoah
Veszprém · Hongrie
Episcopal city of Transdanubia, Veszprém sees its community shut up in a closed quarter then led to the gathering camps of the region, from which the summer convoys depart.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1944
Deportation of the Jews of RhodesShoah
Rhodes · Grèce
The Sephardic community of the island, one of the oldest in the Mediterranean, is embarked on barges and then deported to Auschwitz.
Toll ~1 600 déportés
juillet 1944
Deportation of the Jews of ZalaegerszegShoah
Zalaegerszeg · Hongrie
County seat of Zala, Zalaegerszeg saw its community and those of neighboring towns gathered in a camp on the outskirts, before the convoys of early summer.
Toll bilan non établi
Juill. 1944
Deportation of the Jews of KosShoah
Kos · Grèce
The small community of the island is deported at the same time as that of Rhodes.
Toll ~100 déportés
20-24 juill. 1944
Roundup of children's homesShoah
Paris (maisons d'enfants) · France
The children's homes of the Paris region were emptied and their residents taken to Drancy.
Toll bilan non établi
22 juillet 1944
Arrest of the Jews of PatrasShoah
Patras · Grèce
The families remaining in the port of the Peloponnese are arrested and transferred to Athens before being joined to the convoys of summer.
Toll bilan non établi
31 juill. 1944
Last Convoy from MalinesShoah
Malines · Belgique
The last deportation train leaves the Dossin barracks in Malines for Auschwitz, a few weeks before liberation.
Toll bilan non établi
31 juill. 1944
Last major convoy from FranceShoah
Drancy (dernier convoi) · France
The last major convoy leaves Drancy for Upper Silesia a few weeks before the liberation of Paris.
Toll bilan non établi
août 1944
Massacre of Rillieux-la-PapeShoah
Rillieux-la-Pape · France
Jewish hostages are shot near Lyon in reprisal, a few days before the German retreat.
Toll bilan non établi
Août 1944
Liquidation of the Łódź ghettoShoah
Łódź · Pologne
The last great ghetto.
Toll ~70 000 déportés
1er août 1944
Massacre of the Pardo Roques house in PisaShoah
Pise · Italie
German soldiers enter the house of the president of the Pisa community, where Jewish and Christian neighbors had taken refuge, and kill those they find there, a few weeks before the city's liberation.
Toll bilan non établi
5 août 1944
Wreck of the MefkureShoah
Mer Noire (Mefkure) · Turquie
The schooner, which was transporting Jewish refugees from Romania to Palestine, is shelled then sunk in the Black Sea; the few survivors are rescued by an escort ship.
Toll ~320
sept. 1944
Killings at Forlì AirfieldShoah
Forlì · Italie
Jews detained in Romagna prisons are taken to Forlì airfield and shot at the edge of bomb craters; the bodies will only be identified after the war.
Toll bilan non établi
Sept. 1944 – mars 1945
Resumption of deportations from SlovakiaShoah
Slovaquie
After the Slovak national uprising, German troops occupy the country and resume the convoys interrupted in 1942.
Toll ~13 500 déportés
3 sept. 1944
Last convoy departing from WesterborkShoah
Westerbork · Pays-Bas
The last deportation train leaves Westerbork for Auschwitz, a few days before the liberation of the southern part of the country.
Toll bilan non établi
19 sept. 1944
Massacre of KloogaShoah
Klooga · Estonie
As the Red Army approaches, camp detainees are shot and burned on pyres.
Toll >2 000
Oct. 1944 – janv. 1945
Arrow Cross terror in BudapestShoah
Budapest · Hongrie
Mass shootings on the Danube quays, death marches
Toll des milliers
7 oct. 1944
Sonderkommando uprisingShoah
Auschwitz-Birkenau · Pologne
Prisoners assigned to the crematoria revolt with gunpowder smuggled by workers from the Union factory; Crematorium IV is destroyed.
Toll ~450 insurgés tués
Déc. 1944 – janv. 1945
Shootings on the Danube quaysShoah
Budapest (quais du Danube) · Hongrie
Militiamen of the Arrow Cross lead Jews to the quays, tie them in groups and shoot them into the river.
Toll plusieurs milliers
Déc. 1944 – avril 1945
Agony of Bergen-BelsenShoah
Bergen-Belsen · Allemagne
The camp receives evacuees from camps in the East; overcrowding, hunger, and a typhus epidemic kill tens of thousands of prisoners until liberation on 15 April.
Toll ~35 000
Janv. 1945
Evacuation of AuschwitzShoah
Auschwitz (évacuation) · Pologne
On January 18, nearly sixty thousand detainees are thrown onto the roads toward the west; those who do not keep up are shot.
Toll ~15 000 morts en route
avr. 1945
Death marches from DachauShoah
Dachau · Allemagne
As the Allied armies approach, the Dachau prisoners are driven onto the roads of Upper Bavaria in columns; those who can no longer walk are shot by the roadside.
Toll bilan non établi
11 avr. 1945
Liberation of BuchenwaldShoah
Buchenwald · Allemagne
After several days of forced evacuations, the Buchenwald camp is taken over by the prisoners themselves, then reached by American troops.
Toll bilan non établi
13 avril 1945
Massacre of GardelegenShoah
Gardelegen · Allemagne
Detainees evacuated from camps in the East are locked in a barn which is set on fire; those who attempt to escape are shot.
Toll 1 016
20 avril 1945
Murder of the children of Bullenhuser DammShoah
Bullenhuser Damm (Hambourg) · Allemagne
Twenty Jewish children subjected to medical experiments at Neuengamme, hanged in a school.
Toll 20 enfants et 4 adultes
3 mai 1945
Wreck of the Cap ArconaShoah
Baie de Lübeck (Cap Arcona) · Allemagne
Thousands of detainees evacuated from Neuengamme are crammed onto three ships, sunk by British aviation which believes them to be carrying troops.
Toll ~7 000 détenus
5 mai 1945
Liberation of MauthausenShoah
Mauthausen · Autriche
The Mauthausen camp and its Gusen annexes were reached by American troops; the survivors had received in the last weeks evacuees from the eastern camps.
Toll bilan non établi
mai 1945
Liberation of TheresienstadtShoah
Theresienstadt · Tchéquie
The ghetto, handed over a few days earlier to the Red Cross, is reached by the Red Army; it is then crowded with evacuees from the eastern camps and struck by a typhus epidemic that lasts for weeks.
Toll bilan non établi

Post-war and Arab world (1945–1970)80

1944-1947
Killings of survivors (train attacks, individual murders)Massacre
Pologne
Toll ~1 500-2 000
11-12 juin 1945
Pogrom of RzeszówPogrom
Rzeszów (Pologne) · Pologne
an accusation of ritual murder triggers the arrest and then departure of the surviving community
Toll toll not established
11 août 1945
PogromPogrom
Cracovie · Pologne
Toll 1 mort, dizaines de blessés
Sept. 1945
PogromPogrom
Kiev · Ukraine
Toll ~5
Sept. 1945
PogromPogrom
Topoľčany (Slovaquie) · Slovaquie
Toll ~47 blessés
2-3 nov. 1945
Riots of 'Balfour Day'Pogrom
Le Caire, Alexandrie · Égypte
Toll ~5
2-3 nov. 1945
Balfour Day RiotsPogrom
Alexandrie · Égypte
the Eliyahu Hanavi synagogue, the Jewish hospital and orphanage ransacked, shops looted
Toll blessés, dégâts considérables
4-7 nov. 1945
Pogrom of November 1945Pogrom
Amrus (Libye) · Libye
the neighboring town of Tripoli is attacked, houses and synagogue burned
Toll dizaines de morts
4-7 nov. 1945
Pogrom of November 1945Pogrom
Msallata (Libye) · Libye
attacks against Jewish families of the town
Toll quelques morts
4-7 nov. 1945
PogromPogrom
Tripoli, Amrus, Zanzour, Tajoura (Libye) · Libye
Toll ~130-140
4-7 nov. 1945
Pogrom of November 1945Pogrom
Qusabat (Libye) · Libye
the community of the town is attacked, houses looted and set on fire
Toll dizaines de morts
4-7 nov. 1945
Pogrom of November 1945Pogrom
Zaouïa (Libye) · Libye
the small community is attacked at the same time as Tripoli
Toll quelques morts
4-7 nov. 1945
November 1945 pogromPogrom
Zanzour (Libye) · Libye
Jewish families massacred in the town
Toll dizaines de morts
4-7 nov. 1945
November 1945 pogromPogrom
Tajoura (Libye) · Libye
homes and Jewish quarter attacked
Toll quelques morts
Mai 1946
PogromPogrom
Kunmadaras (Hongrie) · Hongrie
Toll 2
4 juill. 1946
Pogrom following a ritual murder accusationPogrom
Kielce · Pologne
Toll 42
Août 1946
LynchingsPogrom
Miskolc · Hongrie
Toll 2
1-6 août 1946
Riots at the congress of supportersPogrom
Bratislava et villes de Slovaquie · Slovaquie
assaults and looting against Jews returning from camps, demanding their property
Toll dizaines de blessés
Août 1947
Antisemitic riots of August 1947Pogrom
Manchester · Royaume-Uni
Jewish shops ransacked in Cheetham Hill
Toll dégâts
Août 1947
Antisemitic riots of August 1947Pogrom
Glasgow · Royaume-Uni
Jewish shops attacked in the Gorbals
Toll dégâts
Août 1947
Anti-Jewish riots of August 1947Pogrom
Londres · Royaume-Uni
attacks in the East End and in Bethnal Green
Toll dégâts
Août 1947
Antisemitic riots of August 1947Pogrom
Liverpool · Royaume-Uni
Shops and synagogues attacked several nights in a row, the most affected city
Toll dégâts, blessés
1-8 août 1947
Anti-Semitic riots of 1947Pogrom
Grande-Bretagne · Royaume-Uni
following the hanging of two British sergeants in Palestine, synagogues, shops and cemeteries attacked in Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow and London
Toll toll not established
Déc. 1947 – mai 1948
Attacks from the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandate PalestineAttack
Palestine mandataire
Haifa refinery (Dec. 30, 1947, 39), Ben Yehuda Street (Feb. 22, 1948, 58), Hadassah convoy (April 13, 1948, 78), Kfar Etzion (May 13, 1948, ~129 including prisoners).
Toll toll not established
Déc. 1947
Pogrom, synagogues and neighborhoods destroyedPogrom
Alep · Syrie
Toll bilan contesté (0 à ~75)
Déc. 1947
Riots after the partition votePogrom
Damas · Syrie
synagogues and schools in the Jewish quarter attacked, houses looted
Toll blessés, dégâts
Déc. 1947
RiotPogrom
Manama (Bahreïn) · Bahreïn
Toll 1
2-4 déc. 1947
PogromPogrom
Aden · Yémen
Toll 76-82
30 déc. 1947
After a grenade attack at the entrance, Jewish workers at the refinery are attacked by the crowdAttack
Haïfa (raffinerie) · Israël
Toll 39
1948-1953
Campaign against 'rootless cosmopolitans'Massacre
URSS
dissolution of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, closure of the Yiddish theater and *Eynikayt* newspaper, arrest of writers
Toll toll not established
1948-1951
Exodus of the community following the pogroms of 1945 and 1948Pogrom
Libye
Toll ~30 000 départs
1948-1949
Decrees against JewsPersecution
Syrie
assets frozen, movements prohibited, property unsaleable, schools placed under control
Toll toll not established
13 janv. 1948
Persecution of the Jewish Antifascist CommitteePersecution
Minsk · Biélorussie
its president Solomon Mikhoels is killed and his death made to look like a road accident; the committee will be dissolved and its leaders arrested
Toll 1
22 févr. 1948
Three booby-trapped trucks explode in the heart of the Jewish cityMassacre
Jérusalem, rue Ben Yehuda · Terre d'Israël
Toll 58
13 avril 1948
Attack on the medical convoy of Hadassah hospital and the Hebrew UniversityMassacre
Jérusalem, mont Scopus · Terre d'Israël
Toll 78
13 mai 1948
Fall of the Etzion BlocMassacre
Kfar Etzion · Israël
the locality fell and some of the defenders and prisoners were massacred
Toll ~129
Juin-sept. 1948
Bomb attacks in the Jewish quarterAttack
Le Caire · Égypte
Toll ~70
7-8 juin 1948
PogromsPogrom
Oujda et Jerada (Maroc) · Maroc
Toll 42-44
7-8 juin 1948
Pogrom in the mining city, two days after that of OujdaPogrom
Jerada (Maroc) · Maroc
Toll ~38
12 juin 1948
PogromPogrom
Tripoli · Libye
Toll 13-14
20 juin 1948
Explosion in the Jewish quarter of CairoMassacre
Le Caire, haret al-Yahud · Égypte
Toll ~22
20-21 août 1948
Second wave of riots against survivors returned from the camps, following that of 1946Pogrom
Bratislava · Slovaquie
Toll blessés, dégâts
Sept. 1948
Attacks on department stores and businesses owned by Jewish familiesAttack
Le Caire · Égypte
Toll ~19
23 sept. 1948
Execution of Shafiq AdesTrials and executions
Bassora · Irak
the wealthiest Jewish merchant in Iraq hanged in public for Zionism, his fortune confiscated
Toll 1
1949-1950
Operation 'Flying Carpet'Pogrom
Yémen
after years of dhimmi status and riots, almost the entire community is evacuated to Israel
Toll ~49 000 départs
5 août 1949
Attack on the Menarsha synagogueAttack
Damas · Syrie
Toll 12
1950-1951
Attacks on Jewish sites (Masouda Shemtov synagogue, Jan. 1951)Attack
Bagdad · Irak
Toll 4
Mars 1950 – mars 1951
Denaturalization law and then freezing of assetsPersecution
Irak
the Jews who leave lose nationality and all their assets
Toll ~120 000 départs
Avril 1950 – janv. 1951
Series of attacks on places frequented by Jews, from the Dar al-Bayda café to the Masouda Shemtov synagogueAttack
Bagdad · Irak
Toll quelques morts, des dizaines de blessés
Août 1952
« Night of the Assassinated Poets »: execution of the leaders of the Jewish Antifascist CommitteeTrials and executions
Moscou · Russie
Toll 13
Nov.-déc. 1952
Slánský TrialTrials and executions
Prague · Tchéquie
fourteen communist leaders tried, eleven sentenced to death and hanged on December 3, ten of them Jews; the accusation is explicitly antisemitic
Toll 11 exécutés dont 10 Juifs
13 janvier 1953
Doctors' PlotTrials and executions
Moscou · Russie
nine physicians, six of them Jews, accused of plotting to assassinate Soviet leaders; the campaign ends with Stalin's death
Toll toll not established
17 mars 1954
Bus attackAttack
Ma'ale Akrabim (Israël) · Israël
Toll 11
3 août 1954
PogromPogrom
Petitjean (Sidi Kacem) · Maroc
Toll 6-7
6-7 septembre 1955
Pogrom of IstanbulPogrom
Istanbul · Turquie
the crowd attacks Greek, Armenian and Jewish minorities; 523 Jewish businesses and a synagogue destroyed
Toll ~15 morts (toutes minorités confondues)
1956-1957
Sequestrations and internments after SuezExpulsion
Égypte
enterprises confiscated, notables imprisoned before expulsion
Toll ~500 internés
1956
Attack on the Kfar Chabad agricultural schoolAttack
Kfar Chabad · Israël
fedayins open fire during evening prayer in the school synagogue
Toll 6
1956-1960
Wave of emigration after October 1956Pogrom
Pologne
local assaults and press campaign push survivors to leave
Toll ~50 000 départs
Novembre 1956
Expulsion of the Jews of Egypt after the Suez crisisExpulsion
Égypte
internments, seizure of businesses and expulsion orders targeting Jews
Toll ~25 000 départs
12 octobre 1958
Attentat contre le TempleAttack
Atlanta (Géorgie) · États-Unis
cinquante bâtons de dynamite détruisent la façade de la plus ancienne synagogue de la ville, dont le rabbin soutenait les droits civiques ; les cinq suspects sont acquittés
Toll 0
Déc. 1959 – janv. 1960
Wave of antisemitic desecrationsPogrom
Cologne · Allemagne
the great synagogue is covered with swastikas on December 24, followed by hundreds of incidents in Germany and worldwide
Toll toll not established
12 déc. 1960
Plunder of the Great Synagogue of AlgiersPogrom
Alger · Algérie
Torah scrolls torn, inscriptions on the walls, Jewish cemetery desecrated
Toll toll not established
1962
Departure of nearly the entire community at independence; the great synagogue of Oran is transformed into a mosqueMassacre
Algérie
Toll ~130 000 départs
Juin 1962
Riots and assaults by the Tacuara groupPogrom
Buenos Aires · Argentine
kidnapping and branding of student Graciela Sirota, in retaliation for the Eichmann trial
Toll toll not established
1963
Publication du *Judaïsme sans fard*Persecution
Kiev · Ukraine
l'Académie des sciences d'Ukraine édite l'ouvrage de Trofim Kitchko, illustré de caricatures reprenant l'imagerie antisémite, au plus fort de la campagne soviétique contre la religion
Toll toll not established
1967
Arrests, dismissals, and prohibition on selling after the Six-Day War; prelude to the 1969 hangingsTrials and executions
Bagdad · Irak
Toll toll not established
1967
Riots, synagogues burned, arrestsPogrom
Aden, Tunis, Égypte · Yémen, Tunisie, Égypte
Toll quelques morts
1967-1970
Internment of Jewish men after the Six-Day War, at the Abu Zaabal camp and then at TourahMilitary repression
Égypte
Toll ~400 internés
Juin 1967
Riots after the Six-Day WarPogrom
Tunis · Tunisie
the great synagogue of Tunis set on fire, shops looted
Toll dégâts considérables
Juin 1967
Pogrom following the Six-Day WarPogrom
Tripoli, Benghazi · Libye
Toll ~18
Juin 1967
Riots after the Six-Day WarPogrom
Aden · Yémen
synagogues set on fire, the community leaves the country
Toll quelques morts
Juin 1967
After the pogrom, the State organizes the evacuation of the community and confiscates the property left behindPogrom
Tripoli (suites) · Libye
Toll ~4 000 départs
Juin 1967
Pogrom after the Six-Day WarPogrom
Benghazi (Libye) · Libye
Jewish families murdered, the community is evacuated from the country
Toll ~10
Mars 1968
State antisemitic campaign following student protestsPersecution
Pologne
exclusion of Jews from the party, administrations and universities, forced to emigrate by renouncing their nationality
Toll ~13 000 départs
27 janv. 1969
Public hanging of 9 Jews (14 executed in total)Trials and executions
Bagdad · Irak
Toll 9
21 juill. 1970
Confiscation of Jewish propertyPersecution
Libye
a decree transfers to the State all property of Libyan Jews, the final act in a series of exactions; promised Treasury bonds are never honored
Toll toll not established
1975-1985
Disparitions de la communauté libanaiseMassacre
Beyrouth · Liban
pendant la guerre civile, le quartier de Wadi Abou Jmil est pillé, des notables juifs sont enlevés puis tués ; la communauté, qui comptait des milliers de membres, disparaît presque entièrement
Toll dizaines
1976-1983
Répression de la dictaturePersecution
Argentine
les Juifs, qui forment moins d'un pour cent de la population, comptent pour environ un dixième des disparus ; les détenus juifs subissent des sévices spécifiques dans les centres clandestins (rapport *Nunca Más*)
Toll ~1 300
1979-1985
Executions after the Revolution (Habib Elghanian, May 1979…)Trials and executions
Iran
Toll ~15
1985-1986
Assassination of Lebanese Jewish hostagesMassacre
Liban
Toll ~10

Attacks (since 1970)174

26 déc. 1968
Rifle and grenade attack against an El Al aircraft on the groundAttack
Athènes, aéroport · Grèce
Toll 1
18 févr. 1969
Rifle and grenade attack on an El Al aircraft at takeoffAttack
Zurich-Kloten · Suisse
Toll 1
Nov. 1969
Grenade thrown into the El Al office, one child killed and several passersby woundedAttack
Athènes · Grèce
Toll 1
13 févr. 1970
Grenade attack against passengers on an El Al flight at the airport terminalAttack
Munich-Riem · Allemagne
Toll 1
13 févr. 1970
Arson of the Israeli home for the elderlyAttack
Munich, Reichenbachstrasse · Allemagne
Toll 7
21 févr. 1970
Bomb aboard Swissair flight 330 bound for Tel-Aviv, the aircraft crashes after takeoffAttack
Würenlingen (Suisse) · Suisse
Toll 47
22 mai 1970
Attack on the Avivim school busAttack
Avivim (autobus scolaire) · Israël
Toll 12
6-9 sept. 1970
Hijackings of Dawson's FieldAttack
Zarqa (Jordanie) · Jordanie
Jewish and Israeli passengers are separated from others and held after the liberation of other hostages
Toll toll not established
30 mai 1972
Attack — Lod AirportAttack
Aéroport de Lod · Israël
Toll 26 (dont 17 pèlerins chrétiens portoricains)
5 sept. 1972
Hostage-taking of Israeli athletesAttack
Munich · Allemagne
Toll 11
28 sept. 1973
Schönau Hostage-TakingAttack
Schönau (Autriche) · Autriche
armed men seized a train of Soviet Jewish emigrants at Marchegg; Austria accepted in exchange to close the Schönau transit camp
Toll toll not established
11 avril 1974
Attack on Kiryat ShmonaAttack
Kiryat Shmona · Israël
Toll 18
15 mai 1974
Ma'alot MassacreAttack
Ma'alot (école) · Israël
Toll 25 dont 22 enfants
13 juin 1974
Attack on Shamir kibbutzAttack
Kibboutz Shamir · Israël
Toll 3
19 nov. 1974
Attack on Beit She'anAttack
Beit She'an · Israël
Toll 4
5-6 mars 1975
Hostage-taking at the Savoy Hotel (Tel-Aviv)Attack
Tel-Aviv, hôtel Savoy · Israël
Toll 11 (8 otages, 3 soldats)
4 juill. 1975
Attack — Jerusalem, Zion SquareAttack
Jérusalem, place de Sion · Terre d'Israël
Toll 15
27 juin – 4 juill. 1976
Hijacking of Air France flight 139Attack
Entebbe (Ouganda) · Ouganda
Israeli and Jewish passengers separated from others and held hostage, freed by an Israeli raid
Toll 4 (3 otages et 1 officier israélien)
15 août 1976
Attack on the El Al counterAttack
Istanbul, aéroport Yeşilköy · Turquie
Toll 4
11 mars 1978
Attack on the coastal roadAttack
Route côtière (autobus) · Israël
Toll 38
20 août 1978
Grenade attack against an El Al crew busAttack
Londres, Hyde Park · Royaume-Uni
Toll 1
13 avril 1979
Attack — Nahariya (Haran family)Attack
Nahariya (famille Haran) · Israël
Toll 4
7 avril 1980
Attack on Misgav AmAttack
Misgav Am · Israël
Toll 3
2 mai 1980
Ambush at Beit Hadassah (Hebron)Attack
Hébron, Beit Hadassah · Terre d'Israël
Toll 6
27 juill. 1980
Grenade launched at a group of Jewish children waiting for their bus in front of a community centerAttack
Anvers · Belgique
Toll 1
3 oct. 1980
Attack on the synagogueAttack
Paris, rue Copernic · France
Toll 4
29 août 1981
Synagogue attackAttack
Vienne · Autriche
Toll 2
20 oct. 1981
Car bomb attack in front of the synagogue on Hoveniers StreetAttack
Anvers · Belgique
Toll 3
20 juill. 1982
Attack on the Great Synagogue of rue de la RégenceAttack
Bruxelles · Belgique
Toll blessés
9 août 1982
Attack (Goldenberg restaurant)Attack
Paris, rue des Rosiers · France
Toll 6
25 août 1982
Attack on Mifgash Israel restaurantAttack
Berlin · Allemagne
Toll 1
9 oct. 1982
Attack on the synagogueAttack
Rome · Italie
Toll 1
22 juill. 1985
Double bomb attackAttack
Copenhague · Danemark
the Krystalgade synagogue and the office of an American airline company
Toll 1
25 sept. 1985
Three Israelis taken hostage then murdered aboard a yacht in the portAttack
Larnaca (Chypre) · Chypre
Toll 3
7-9 oct. 1985
Hijacking of the linerAttack
Méditerranée (paquebot Achille Lauro) · Méditerranée
Leon Klinghoffer, American Jewish passenger, murdered and thrown into the sea
Toll 1
8 oct. 1985
Shooting during prayerAttack
Djerba, synagogue de la Ghriba · Tunisie
a guard opens fire on the faithful gathered in the synagogue
Toll 5
27 déc. 1985
Simultaneous attacks on El Al counters at Fiumicino and SchwechatAttack
Rome et Vienne (aéroports) · Italie et Autriche
Toll 19
6 sept. 1986
Attack on the synagogueAttack
Istanbul, Neve Shalom · Turquie
Toll 22
7 mars 1988
Attack — Dimona, women workers' busAttack
Dimona, autobus des ouvrières · Israël
Toll 3
6 juill. 1989
Attack on bus 405Attack
Bus 405 · Israël
Toll 16
1ᵉʳ mai 1990
Desecration of the Jewish cemetery and exhumation of a body, national repercussionsAttack
Carpentras · France
Toll toll not established
19-21 août 1991
Crown Heights RiotsPogrom
Crown Heights (New York) · États-Unis
three days of antisemitic riots in the Hasidic neighborhood after a traffic accident, a Jewish student stabbed to death
Toll 1
1ᵉʳ mars 1992
New attack against the synagogue, by grenade, following that of 1986Attack
Istanbul, Neve Shalom · Turquie
Toll blessés
17 mars 1992
Embassy of IsraelAttack
Buenos Aires · Argentine
Toll 29
1ᵉʳ mars 1994
Shooting at a minibus of yeshiva students from Crown HeightsAttack
New York, pont de Brooklyn · États-Unis
Toll 1
6 avril 1994
Attack — Afula, bus 348Attack
Afula, autobus 348 · Israël
Toll 8
13 avril 1994
Attack — Hadera, bus stationAttack
Hadera, gare routière · Israël
Toll 5
18 juill. 1994
Attack on the community centerAttack
Buenos Aires, AMIA · Argentine
Toll 85
19 juill. 1994
Bomb on board Alas Chiricanas flight 901, the day after the AMIA attackAttack
Colón (Panama) · Panama
Toll 21 (dont 12 Juifs)
26-27 juill. 1994
Car bomb attacks against the Israeli embassy and then Balfour HouseAttack
Londres · Royaume-Uni
Toll une vingtaine de blessés
19 oct. 1994
Attack — Tel-Aviv, bus 5 (Dizengoff Street)Attack
Tel-Aviv, bus 5 (rue Dizengoff) · Israël
Toll 22
22 janv. 1995
Attack — Beit Lid JunctionAttack
Carrefour de Beit Lid · Israël
Toll 22 (dont 21 soldats)
9 avril 1995
Attack — Kfar Darom, convoyAttack
Kfar Darom, convoi · Israël
Toll 8
21 août 1995
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 26Attack
Jérusalem, bus 26 · Terre d'Israël
Toll 5
25 févr. 1996
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 18 (Jaffa Street)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 18 (rue de Jaffa) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 27
3 mars 1996
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 18 (Jaffa Street)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 18 (rue de Jaffa) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 18
4 mars 1996
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Dizengoff CenterAttack
Tel-Aviv, Dizengoff Center · Israël
Toll 13
21 mars 1997
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Apropos caféAttack
Tel-Aviv, café Apropos · Israël
Toll 3
30 juill. 1997
Attack — Jerusalem, Mahane Yehuda marketAttack
Jérusalem, marché Mahane Yehuda · Terre d'Israël
Toll 16
4 sept. 1997
Attack — Jerusalem, Ben Yehuda StreetAttack
Jérusalem, rue Ben Yehuda · Terre d'Israël
Toll 5
10 août 1999
Shooting at the North Valley Jewish Community CenterAttack
Los Angeles, Granada Hills · États-Unis
a white supremacist opens fire in the community center and wounds five people, including three children, then shoots a postal worker in his flight
Toll 1 (un employé des postes tué dans la fuite)
27 juill. 2000
Bomb at the S-Bahn station targeting a group of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR leaving a language classAttack
Düsseldorf · Allemagne
Toll 10 blessés
Oct. 2000
Wave of attacks against synagogues at the beginning of the second IntifadaAttack
France
dozens of fires and acts of vandalism in a few weeks
Toll dégâts
4 mars 2001
Attack — Netanya, city centerAttack
Netanya, centre-ville · Israël
Toll 3
18 mai 2001
Attack — Netanya, HaSharon MallAttack
Netanya, HaSharon Mall · Israël
Toll 5
1ᵉʳ juin 2001
Dolphinarium bombing (Tel-Aviv)Attack
Tel-Aviv, Dolphinarium · Israël
Toll 21
9 août 2001
Sbarro pizzeria attack (Jerusalem)Attack
Jérusalem, pizzeria Sbarro · Terre d'Israël
Toll 15
1ᵉʳ déc. 2001
Attack — Jerusalem, Ben Yehuda StreetAttack
Jérusalem, rue Ben Yehuda · Terre d'Israël
Toll 11
2 déc. 2001
Attack — Haifa, bus 16Attack
Haïfa, bus 16 · Israël
Toll 15
2 mars 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, Beit YisraelAttack
Jérusalem, Beit Yisrael · Terre d'Israël
Toll 11
9 mars 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, Moment caféAttack
Jérusalem, café Moment · Terre d'Israël
Toll 11
20 mars 2002
Attack — Musmus, bus 823Attack
Musmus, bus 823 · Israël
Toll 7
21 mars 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, King George StreetAttack
Jérusalem, rue du Roi-Georges · Terre d'Israël
Toll 3
27 mars 2002
Park Hotel bombing (Netanya, Passover evening)Attack
Netanya, Park Hotel (Pessah) · Israël
Toll 30
31 mars 2002
Attack — Haifa, Matza restaurantAttack
Haïfa, restaurant Matza · Israël
Toll 16
2 avril 2002
Arson attack on the Or Aviv synagogue, completely destroyedAttack
Marseille · France
Toll dégâts
10 avril 2002
Attack — Yagur, bus 960Attack
Yagur, bus 960 · Israël
Toll 8
11 avril 2002
AttackAttack
Djerba, synagogue de la Ghriba · Tunisie
Toll 21 (surtout des touristes)
12 avril 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, Mahane Yehuda marketAttack
Jérusalem, marché Mahane Yehuda · Terre d'Israël
Toll 6
7 mai 2002
Attack — Rishon LeZion, Sheffield clubAttack
Rishon LeZion, club Sheffield · Israël
Toll 15
19 mai 2002
Attack — Netanya, marketAttack
Netanya, marché · Israël
Toll 3
5 juin 2002
Attack — Megiddo CrossroadsAttack
Carrefour de Megiddo · Israël
Toll 17
18 juin 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 32A (Patt junction)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 32A (carrefour Patt) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 19
19 juin 2002
Attack — Jérusalem, French Hill IntersectionAttack
Jérusalem, carrefour French Hill · Terre d'Israël
Toll 7
4 juill. 2002
Shooting at the El Al counter on the American national holidayAttack
Los Angeles, aéroport · États-Unis
Toll 2
17 juill. 2002
Attack — Tel Aviv, Neve Shaanan quarterAttack
Tel-Aviv, quartier Neve Shaanan · Israël
Toll 5
4 août 2002
Attack — Meron Junction, bus 361Attack
Carrefour de Meron, bus 361 · Israël
Toll 9
19 sept. 2002
Attack — Tel-Aviv, bus 4Attack
Tel-Aviv, bus 4 · Israël
Toll 6
21 nov. 2002
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 20 (Kiryat Menahem)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 20 (Kiryat Menahem) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 11
28 nov. 2002
Attack on the Paradise HotelAttack
Mombasa (Kenya) · Kenya
A booby-trapped vehicle explodes outside the hotel hosting Israeli tourists in Kikambala, while two missiles miss an Arkia aircraft at takeoff
Toll 13
5 janv. 2003
Attack — Tel-Aviv, central bus stationAttack
Tel-Aviv, gare routière centrale · Israël
Toll 23
5 mars 2003
Attack — Haifa, bus 37Attack
Haïfa, bus 37 · Israël
Toll 17
30 avril 2003
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Mike's PlaceAttack
Tel-Aviv, Mike's Place · Israël
Toll 3
16 mai 2003
Casablanca AttacksAttack
Casablanca (Maroc) · Maroc
two of the five simultaneous attacks target Jewish places, the Circle of the Israeli Alliance — closed that evening — and the Jewish cemetery; the dead fall at the other targets
Toll toll not established
18 mai 2003
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 6 (French Hill)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 6 (French Hill) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 7
19 mai 2003
Attack — Afula, Amakim shopping centerAttack
Afula, centre commercial Amakim · Israël
Toll 3
11 juin 2003
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 14A (Jaffa Street)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 14A (rue de Jaffa) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 17
19 août 2003
Bus 2 attack (Jerusalem)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 2 · Terre d'Israël
Toll 23
9 sept. 2003
Attack — Jerusalem, Hillel CaféAttack
Jérusalem, café Hillel · Terre d'Israël
Toll 7
9 sept. 2003
Attack — Tzrifin, bus stationAttack
Tzrifin, station d'autobus · Israël
Toll 9
4 oct. 2003
Attack — Haifa, Maxim restaurantAttack
Haïfa, restaurant Maxim · Israël
Toll 21
15 nov. 2003
Attacks on two synagoguesAttack
Istanbul · Turquie
Toll 27 (dont 6 Juifs)
25 déc. 2003
Attack — Geha Crossroads (Petah Tikva)Attack
Carrefour de Geha (Petah Tikva) · Israël
Toll 4
29 janv. 2004
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 19 (Gaza Street)Attack
Jérusalem, bus 19 (rue de Gaza) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 11
22 févr. 2004
Attack — Jerusalem, bus 14AAttack
Jérusalem, bus 14A · Terre d'Israël
Toll 8
14 mars 2004
Attack — Port of AshdodAttack
Port d'Ashdod · Israël
Toll 10
22 août 2004
Arson of the Jewish social center and antisemitic inscriptionsAttack
Paris, rue Popincourt · France
Toll dégâts
31 août 2004
Attack — Beer-Sheva, two busesAttack
Beer-Sheva, deux autobus · Israël
Toll 16
7 oct. 2004
Taba attackAttack
Taba (Sinaï, Égypte) · Égypte
a booby-trapped truck crashes in the hall of the Hilton hotel, then two cars explode in the camps of Ras Shitan, targeting Israeli tourists in Sinai
Toll 34
1ᵉʳ nov. 2004
Attack — Tel Aviv, Carmel marketAttack
Tel-Aviv, marché du Carmel · Israël
Toll 3
25 févr. 2005
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Stage ClubAttack
Tel-Aviv, Stage Club · Israël
Toll 5
12 juill. 2005
Attack — Netanya, HaSharon MallAttack
Netanya, HaSharon Mall · Israël
Toll 5
5 déc. 2005
Attack — Netanya, shopping centerAttack
Netanya, centre commercial · Israël
Toll 5
Janv.-févr. 2006
Abduction and murder of Ilan HalimiAttack
Bagneux · France
Toll 1
17 avril 2006
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Rosh Ha'ir restaurantAttack
Tel-Aviv, restaurant Rosh Ha'ir · Israël
Toll 11
28 juill. 2006
Shooting at the Jewish federation of Greater SeattleAttack
Seattle · États-Unis
Toll 1
6 mars 2008
Attack on the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva (Jerusalem)Attack
Jérusalem, yeshiva Mercaz HaRav · Terre d'Israël
Toll 8
2 juill. 2008
Bulldozer attack in JerusalemAttack
Jérusalem (bulldozer) · Terre d'Israël
Toll 3
2 juill. 2008
Attack — Jerusalem, Jaffa StreetAttack
Jérusalem, rue de Jaffa · Terre d'Israël
Toll 3
Nov. 2008
AttackAttack
Mumbai, Nariman House (Chabad) · Inde
Toll 6
31 janv. 2009
Desecration and profanation of the Tiferet Israel synagogue, community records carried awayAttack
Caracas · Venezuela
Toll dégâts
31 août 2010
Attack on Route 60 (Kiryat Arba)Attack
Route 60 (Kiryat Arba) · Israël
Toll 4
11 mars 2011
Assassination of the Fogel family (Itamar)Attack
Itamar (famille Fogel) · Israël
Toll 5
7 avril 2011
Attack on the Sha'ar HaNegev school busAttack
Sha'ar HaNegev (autobus scolaire) · Israël
Toll 1
18 août 2011
Route 12 Attacks (Eilat)Attack
Route 12 (Eilat) · Israël
Toll 8
19 mars 2012
KillingAttack
Toulouse, école Ozar Hatorah · France
Toll 4
18 juill. 2012
Attack on a coach of Israeli tourists at the airportAttack
Bourgas (Bulgarie) · Bulgarie
Toll 6
27-28 sept. 2012
Bombing attack on the Jewish community centerAttack
Malmö · Suède
Toll dégâts
13 avril 2014
Shooting in front of a Jewish community center and a Jewish retirement home, by a white supremacist activistAttack
Overland Park (Kansas) · États-Unis
Toll 3
24 mai 2014
KillingAttack
Bruxelles, Musée juif · Belgique
Toll 4
12 juin 2014
Attack — Gush Etzion (three teenagers abducted)Attack
Gush Etzion (trois adolescents enlevés) · Israël
Toll 3
20 juillet 2014
Sarcelles RiotsPogrom
Sarcelles · France
Jewish businesses looted and burned during a demonstration, the synagogue targeted
Toll aucun mort
22 oct. 2014
Attack — Jerusalem, Ammunition Hill tramway stationAttack
Jérusalem, station de tramway d'Ammunition Hill · Terre d'Israël
Toll 2
18 nov. 2014
Attack on the Har Nof Synagogue (Jerusalem)Attack
Jérusalem, synagogue de Har Nof · Terre d'Israël
Toll 5 fidèles + 1 policier
1ᵉʳ déc. 2014
Assault and rape during a burglary targeting a couple designated as JewishAttack
Créteil · France
Toll blessés
9 janv. 2015
Taking of hostagesAttack
Paris, Hyper Cacher · France
Toll 4
15 févr. 2015
Synagogue attackAttack
Copenhague · Danemark
Toll 1
1ᵉʳ oct. 2015
Attack — Road to Itamar (Henkin couple)Attack
Route d'Itamar (couple Henkin) · Israël
Toll 2
18 nov. 2015
Knife attack on a Jewish teacher in the streetAttack
Marseille · France
Toll 1 blessé
8 juin 2016
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Sarona MarketAttack
Tel-Aviv, Sarona Market · Israël
Toll 4
8 janv. 2017
Attack — Jerusalem, Armon HaNatzivAttack
Jérusalem, Armon HaNatziv · Terre d'Israël
Toll 4
4 avril 2017
Murder of Sarah Halimi, thrown from the window of her apartmentAttack
Paris, rue de Vaucouleurs · France
Toll 1
21 juill. 2017
Attack — Halamish (Salomon family)Attack
Halamish (famille Salomon) · Israël
Toll 3
9 déc. 2017
Molotov cocktails thrown at the synagogue during a Jewish youth celebration, three men convictedAttack
Göteborg · Suède
Toll dégâts
23 mars 2018
Murder of Mireille Knoll, survivor of the Vel' d'Hiv roundupAttack
Paris, XIᵉ arrondissement · France
Toll 1
27 oct. 2018
Deadliest attack targeting Jews in the United StatesAttack
Pittsburgh, synagogue Tree of Life · États-Unis
Toll 11
Févr. 2019
Desecration of 96 graves in the Jewish cemetery, swastikas painted on the tombstonesAttack
Quatzenheim (Alsace) · France
Toll toll not established
27 avril 2019
Synagogue attackAttack
Poway (Californie) · États-Unis
Toll 1
23 août 2019
Attack of Ein BubinAttack
Ein Bubin · Israël
Toll 1
9 oct. 2019
Attack on the synagogue on Yom Kippur (the assailant kills two passers-by)Attack
Halle · Allemagne
Toll 2
10 déc. 2019
Attack on a kosher grocery storeAttack
Jersey City · États-Unis
Toll 4
28 déc. 2019
Knife attack during HanukkahAttack
Monsey (New York) · États-Unis
Toll 1
Mai 2021
Lod RiotsPogrom
Lod · Israël
Synagogues and businesses burned during intercommunal violence in May, a Jewish resident dies from his injuries
Toll 1
15 janv. 2022
Taking of hostages at Beth Israel synagogue (the four hostages emerge unharmed)Attack
Colleyville (Texas) · États-Unis
Toll toll not established
23 mars 2022
Attack — Beer-ShevaAttack
Beer-Sheva · Israël
Toll 4
29 mars 2022
Attack — Bnei BrakAttack
Bnei Brak · Israël
Toll 5
7 avril 2022
Attack — Tel Aviv, Dizengoff StreetAttack
Tel-Aviv, rue Dizengoff · Israël
Toll 3
5 mai 2022
Attack — EladAttack
Elad · Israël
Toll 3
27 janv. 2023
Attack — Jerusalem, Neve Yaakov synagogueAttack
Jérusalem, synagogue de Neve Yaakov · Terre d'Israël
Toll 7
9 mai 2023
Shooting during the annual pilgrimageAttack
Djerba, synagogue de la Ghriba · Tunisie
Toll 5 (dont 2 pèlerins juifs)
7 oct. 2023
Massacre of October 7, 2023Massacre
Sud d'Israël (Be'eri, Kfar Aza, Nir Oz, Sderot, festival Nova…) · Israël
Hamas attack on localities and the Nova festival in southern Israel — the deadliest massacre of Jews since the Shoah.
Toll ~1 200 morts, 251 otages
18 oct. 2023
Arson Attack against the Kahal Adass Jisroel synagogue and community centerAttack
Berlin · Allemagne
Toll dégâts
3 nov. 2023
Gunfire directed at night against two Jewish schools in Côte-des-NeigesAttack
Montréal · Canada
Toll dégâts
2 mars 2024
Knife assault on an Orthodox Jew in the streetAttack
Zurich · Suisse
Toll 1 blessé
17 mai 2024
Incendiary attack against the synagogue, the attacker shot down by policeAttack
Rouen · France
Toll dégâts
24 août 2024
Firebomb attack on the synagogueAttack
La Grande-Motte · France
Toll 1 blessé
3 oct. 2024
Attack — Tel-Aviv, Jaffa quarterAttack
Tel-Aviv, quartier de Jaffa · Israël
Toll 7
8 nov. 2024
Hunt for Israeli supporters after a football match, coordinated assaults throughout the cityAttack
Amsterdam · Pays-Bas
Toll une trentaine de blessés
6 déc. 2024
Incendiary attack during morning prayerAttack
Melbourne, synagogue Adass Israel · Australie
Toll 1 blessé
21 mai 2025
Assassination of two employees of the Israeli embassyAttack
Washington, Capital Jewish Museum · États-Unis
Toll 2
1ᵉʳ juin 2025
Firebombing attack against a march for hostagesAttack
Boulder (Colorado) · États-Unis
Toll 1
8 sept. 2025
Attack — Jerusalem, Ramot crossroadsAttack
Jérusalem, carrefour de Ramot · Terre d'Israël
Toll 6
2 oct. 2025
Attack on Yom KippurAttack
Manchester, synagogue de Heaton Park · Royaume-Uni
Toll 2
14 déc. 2025
Shooting during a Hanukkah celebrationAttack
Sydney, Bondi Beach · Australie
Toll 15

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Main sources: Encyclopaedia Judaica, Yad Vashem, USHMM, Dubnow, Baron, Poliakov, Hilberg, Stillman, Veidlinger, Stampfer. See the bibliography.