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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

Last of the towns where the Archbishop of Cologne had dispersed his community

Juillet 1096·Geldern

Toll
inconnu

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

the refugees massacred or forcibly baptized

Geldern was the last of the towns in which the Archbishop of Cologne had dispersed his community. The crusaders massacred some of the refugees there and forcibly baptized others.

Emperor Henry IV, returned from Italy, authorized the baptized Jews of the Rhineland to return to Judaism, against the advice of the antipope Clement III, who held baptism to be indelible whatever the circumstances. The imperial decision allowed the surviving communities to reconstitute themselves, but none recovered what it had been before that summer.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Massacre
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Allemagne
Sources

Chronique de Salomon bar Siméon ; Chronique d'Éliézer bar Nathan ; Ekkehard d'Aura.

At the same place1

  1. 1349Black Plague Massacresinconnu

In the same country304

  1. 1012Expulsion of the community by Henri II; Gershom ben Juda, "light of the exile", loses his son there, forcibly convertedtoute la communauté
  2. 1096Massacres of the First Crusade in the Rhineland~800 à Worms, ~1 000 à Mayence ; total 5 000-12 000
  3. 18 et 25 mai 1096Two massacres~800
  4. Mai-juin 1096The archbishop disperses the community in seven neighboring towns; the crusaders massacre them one by one in Juneplusieurs centaines
  5. 3 mai 1096Sabbath attack by the crusaders of Emicho of Flonheim; Bishop Jean shelters the survivors in his castles and has murderers executed11
  6. 27 mai 1096Assault on the palace of Archbishop Ruthard~1 100
  7. Juin 1096The refugees of Cologne take their own lives in the refectory hall at the moment of the Sabbath mealinconnu
  8. Juin 1096Jews driven into the Danube and forcibly baptized en masse; Henry IV would later permit them to return to Judaismtoute la communauté baptisée

And 296 more in the catalogue.

Event 133 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue

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