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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

The archbishop disperses the community in seven neighboring towns; the crusaders massacre them one by one in June

Mai-juin 1096·Cologne, Neuss, Wevelinghoven, Eller, Xanten, Moers, Kerpen, Geldern, Altenahr

Toll
plusieurs centaines

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

The Archbishop of Cologne, seeing the bands of Emicho approaching, made a decision that seemed wise: rather than leaving the community in the city, he dispersed them among neighboring towns in his diocese, under the guard of his castellans.

The crusaders visited these towns one after another throughout the entire month of June. Where the guards resisted, they were overwhelmed; where they came to terms with the assailants, there was not even a fight. The Hebrew chronicles follow this tour of death from stage to stage, naming each place and the families who perished there, and recount scenes of *kiddouch ha-Chem* in nearly every one.

This was the end of the oldest community in Germany — Cologne is mentioned as early as an edict of Constantine. It reconstituted itself in the years that followed, the emperor Henri authorizing those who had been forcibly baptized to return to Judaism, against the wishes of the pope.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Massacre
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Allemagne
Sources

Chroniques hébraïques de la Première croisade ; Memorbuch de Nuremberg.

At the same place7

  1. 1146Preaching of the monk Raoulinconnu
  2. 1349Black Death massacresinconnu
  3. 1424Expulsion of the Jews of Colognetoll not established
  4. 1509Johannes Pfefferkorn obtains from Maximilian I the seizure of Hebrew books from the Rhinelandtoll not established
  5. 9-10 nov. 1938Kristallnacht in Colognebilan non établi
  6. 21 oct. 1941First convoy departed from Colognebilan non établi
  7. Déc. 1959 – janv. 1960Wave of antisemitic desecrationstoll not established

In the same country298

  1. 1012Expulsion of the community by Henri II; Gershom ben Juda, "light of the exile", loses his son there, forcibly convertedtoute la communauté
  2. 1096Massacres of the First Crusade in the Rhineland~800 à Worms, ~1 000 à Mayence ; total 5 000-12 000
  3. 18 et 25 mai 1096Two massacres~800
  4. 3 mai 1096Sabbath attack by the crusaders of Emicho of Flonheim; Bishop Jean shelters the survivors in his castles and has murderers executed11
  5. 27 mai 1096Assault on the palace of Archbishop Ruthard~1 100
  6. Juin 1096The refugees of Cologne take their own lives in the refectory hall at the moment of the Sabbath mealinconnu
  7. Juin 1096Jews driven into the Danube and forcibly baptized en masse; Henry IV would later permit them to return to Judaismtoute la communauté baptisée
  8. Juin 1096Massacre of Cologne refugees in the Middle Rhine towninconnu

And 290 more in the catalogue.

Event 117 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue

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