Theodosius forbade mixed marriages (388) then Jewish courts in civil matters; synagogues burned were no longer rebuilt at the expense of the culprits

Théodose assimilated to the crime of adultery the marriage between a Jew and a Christian woman, then restricted the jurisdiction of Jewish tribunals to religious matters alone, civil disputes henceforth falling under the ordinary judge of the Roman Empire.

That same year, the synagogue of Callinicum, on the Euphrates, was burned at the instigation of the local bishop. Théodose first ordered that it be rebuilt at the expense of those responsible; Ambroise de Milan wrote to him that a Christian emperor could not have a Jewish place of worship raised up again and refused the Eucharist until he yielded. The emperor yielded, and the precedent held for the centuries that followed.