After the capture of the Temple, Pompey reduces Jewish territory and takes captives to Rome, nucleus of the Trastevere community

Called as arbiter between the two Hasmonean brothers, Pompée besieged and then forced the Temple enclosure, whose defenders allowed themselves to be slaughtered rather than interrupt the service. The Roman general entered the Holy of Holies without taking anything from the treasury, a gesture that Jewish sources recorded as a sacrilege and Roman sources as an act of clemency.

Judea then lost the Greek cities of the coast and the Decapolis, was subjected to tribute and attached to the province of Syria. The captives taken to Rome and later freed there formed the nucleus of the Trastevere community, the oldest in Western Europe to have maintained itself without interruption.