13th–14th centuries
Council of Oxford
1222·Oxford
The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.
the distinctive badge imposed in England; trial and burning at the stake of a deacon converted to Judaism
The provincial council of Oxford, convened by Archbishop Étienne Langton, transposed into England the canons of the Lateran: the wearing of a distinguishing badge, the prohibition on building new synagogues, the ban on Christians serving in Jewish households or selling them provisions.
The same assembly judged a deacon who had left Christianity for Judaism and married a Jewish woman. Degraded by the council, he was handed over to the secular arm and burned — the first attested burning on account of faith in England. The affair long served as a warning: conversion to Judaism, tolerated nowhere, was held to be the worst of religious crimes.
- Period :
- 13th–14th centuries
- Type :
- Trials and executions
- Region :
- Western Europe
- Country :
- Royaume-Uni
Frederick Maitland, « The Deacon and the Jewess » ; *Councils and Synods*, volume II ; Cecil Roth, *A History of the Jews in England*.