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13th–14th centuries

Riot, synagogue burned

1221·Erfurt

Toll
~26

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

The departure of an expedition toward the Holy Land was accompanied, in Erfurt, by a riot against the community. Houses were attacked and the synagogue burned.

Hebrew accounts report that members of the community perished in the fire and that others took their own lives to escape baptism — the conduct that the Rhenish chronicles have called *qiddoush ha-Shem* since the First Crusade. The survivors reconstituted themselves on the same site: the synagogue of Erfurt, rebuilt, is today the oldest preserved synagogue building in Europe, and the treasure buried during the next pogrom was discovered there in the twentieth century.

Erfurt has since appeared in the martyrology lists of the German *Memorbücher*, read during the service.

Period :
13th–14th centuries
Type :
Pogrom
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Allemagne
Sources

*Memorbuch* de Nuremberg ; annales d'Erfurt.

At the same place2

  1. 21 mars 1349Massacres of the Black Deathcentaines à 3 000
  2. 1458Expulsion of Jews from Erfurttoll not established

In the same country303

  1. 1012Expulsion of the community by Henri II; Gershom ben Juda, "light of the exile", loses his son there, forcibly convertedtoute la communauté
  2. 1096Massacres of the First Crusade in the Rhineland~800 à Worms, ~1 000 à Mayence ; total 5 000-12 000
  3. 18 et 25 mai 1096Two massacres~800
  4. Mai-juin 1096The archbishop disperses the community in seven neighboring towns; the crusaders massacre them one by one in Juneplusieurs centaines
  5. 3 mai 1096Sabbath attack by the crusaders of Emicho of Flonheim; Bishop Jean shelters the survivors in his castles and has murderers executed11
  6. 27 mai 1096Assault on the palace of Archbishop Ruthard~1 100
  7. Juin 1096The refugees of Cologne take their own lives in the refectory hall at the moment of the Sabbath mealinconnu
  8. Juin 1096Jews driven into the Danube and forcibly baptized en masse; Henry IV would later permit them to return to Judaismtoute la communauté baptisée

And 295 more in the catalogue.

Event 185 of 2483, in chronological order · 13th–14th centuries: 398 events in the catalogue

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