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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

Fiscal persecution by Richard the Lionheart

1187-1192·Angleterre

Toll
toll not established

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

extraordinary levies followed by the creation of the Exchequer of the Jews (1194) to record debts and property

The Jews of England were, since the Norman Conquest, the property of the king in the legal sense of the term: their possessions reverted to him upon their death, and he could tax them without passing through any assembly. Richard, and then his brother John, exercised this power without restraint to finance the Crusade and the royal ransom.

The Crown created for this purpose a dedicated body, the Exchequer of the Jews, charged with recording debts, recovering claims, and seizing estates. Every loan made by a Jew was recorded in duplicate in a chest deposited in designated towns: the king thus knew, at any moment, what each of his Jewish subjects was worth.

This system made England the kingdom where taxation on the Jews was the heaviest and the best documented in Europe. It exhausted them within a century: when Edward expelled them, they had little left to confiscate.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Persecution
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Royaume-Uni
Sources

Rôles de l'Échiquier des Juifs ; chroniques anglaises médiévales.

At the same place8

  1. 1188"Saladin Tithe": Jews of England taxed at a quarter of their movable goods, those of France at extraordinary sums, to finance the Third Crusadetoll not established
  2. 1210Bristol Ransominconnu
  3. 1218First application of the distinctive sign in Europetoll not established
  4. 1263-1264Worcester, London, Canterbury, Northampton, Winchester, Cambridge, Lincoln~500 à Londres
  5. 1275Statute of the Jewry of Edward Itoll not established
  6. 1278-1279Mass hangings for « coin clipping »~280
  7. 1290Expulsion; drowning of passengers by a captaindizaines
  8. 1753Repeal of the Jew Billtoll not established

In the same country27

  1. 1144First European ritual murder accusation (William of Norwich)toll not established
  2. 1189Riot at the coronation of Richard the Lionheart~30
  3. 1190Massacres of the Third Crusade in England~150 à York ; 57 à Bury
  4. 1190Attacks of the Third Crusade in eastern England after Yorkinconnu
  5. 1190The Jews take refuge in the royal castle and escape the massacre; their houses are plunderedinconnu
  6. Févr.-mars 1190First massacres of the Third Crusade in Englanddizaines
  7. 16-17 mars 1190The Jews sheltering in Clifford Tower~150
  8. 18 mars 1190Massacre of Palm Sunday, followed by the expulsion of survivors by Abbot Samson57

And 19 more in the catalogue.

Event 165 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue

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