Persecution reinstated after the Congress of Vienna

In Frankfurt, civil rights had not been granted: they had been PURCHASED. The community had paid the city, under Napoleonic administration, a considerable sum in exchange for the equality of its members. Once the Congress of Vienna had passed, the Senate of the free city annulled the transaction and restored the old order — marriage quotas, confinement to the Judengasse, trade prohibitions — without returning the money. The dispute dragged before the Germanic Diet for years, while the city's population moved faster: it was in Frankfurt that the Hep-Hep riots found, a few summers later, one of their most violent theaters. The case set a precedent in Germany: it demonstrated that a purchased right was not worth a recognized right.