13th–14th centuries
Council of Vienne
1267·Vienne
The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.
distinctive sign (horned hat), prohibition of public baths and exclusion from public office
The provincial council convened in Vienna by the legate Guy de Saint-Laurent applied to the Austrian lands the canons of the Lateran and went beyond them. It imposed the horned hat — a pointed headdress that would become in Germanic iconography the very sign of Jewishness — closed the public baths, excluded Jews from public office, and forbade Christians from participating in Jewish festivals.
These prescriptions came into tension with the privilege granted a generation earlier by Frederick II of Babenberg, which had placed the Jews under the direct protection of the duke. The conflict between princely protection and ecclesiastical discipline would run through the entire history of the communities of the Empire.
- Period :
- 13th–14th centuries
- Type :
- Persecution
- Region :
- Western Europe
- Country :
- Autriche
*Concilia Germaniae* ; Solomon Grayzel, *The Church and the Jews in the XIIIth Century* ; Klaus Lohrmann, *Judenrecht und Judenpolitik im mittelalterlichen Österreich*.