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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

First accusation of ritual murder on the continent

1171·Blois

Toll
31-40

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

Jews burnt alive

A servant of the count claimed to have seen, at dusk, a Jew throw into the Loire what he took to be the body of a child. No child was missing, no body was found.

This is the first time on the continent that an accusation of ritual murder led to a collective condemnation: Thibaut V de Blois had the entire community arrested and subjected the witness to the ordeal of water, which declared him truthful. The Jews of Blois were burned alive, except for those who accepted baptism and the children, who were entrusted to Christian families. The Hebrew accounts report that the condemned sang the *Alénou* in the flames.

Rabbenou Tam made the 20th of Sivan a fast day for the communities of France, the Rhineland, and England — the first fast of its kind instituted for a persecution. It was observed in Poland until the twentieth century, by then linked to the massacres of 1648.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Trials and executions
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
France
Sources

Éphraïm de Bonn, *Sefer Zekhirah* ; lettres d'Orléans et de Troyes conservées dans les recueils hébraïques.

At the same place

The catalogue holds no other event at Blois.

In the same country186

  1. 576Bishop Avitus has the synagogue destroyed; Jews must choose between baptism and exile to Marseille (Gregory of Tours)>500 baptisés de force
  2. 576-591Forced conversions and expulsions ordered by bishops Théodore, Ferréol and Sulpice; Grégoire the Great protests against forced baptismsinconnu
  3. 582Chilperic I imposes baptism on the Jews of the kingdom; the merchant Priscus, who refuses, is murderedtoll not established
  4. 1007Persecution under Robert the Piousinconnu
  5. 1010Bishop Alduin orders the community to convert or leave the town; violence in the wake of rumors about the destruction of the Holy Sepulchreinconnu
  6. Mai-juin 1096Massacre by crusaders en route to the Orient22
  7. Mai 1096First massacre of the First Crusadeinconnu
  8. 1146The crusaders of the Second Crusade attack the community, which defends itself and perishes in its houseinconnu

And 178 more in the catalogue.

Event 157 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue