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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

First massacre of the First Crusade

Mai 1096·Rouen

Toll
inconnu

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

Jews gathered in a church, ordered to be baptized or killed (Guibert de Nogent)

Rouen was, according to the account of Guibert de Nogent, the first place where the crusaders turned against the Jews. The abbot recounts that men on the point of departing for the East found it absurd to go and fight the enemies of the faith far away while leaving behind them, before their very eyes, a people whom they held to be such.

They gathered the Jews of the city into a church, where the choice was given to them between baptism and death. Guibert learned of the episode from a monk of his circle, himself a Jew converted in his childhood on that occasion: it is an indirect testimony, but it is contemporary.

No Hebrew chronicle describes Rouen; the Rhenish accounts, highly detailed, take no notice of northern France. It is from this imbalance of sources that the uncertainty arises about the extent of the French violence in that year.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Massacre
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
France
Sources

Guibert de Nogent, De vita sua ; chroniques normandes.

At the same place3

  1. 1007Persecution under Robert the Piousinconnu
  2. 1942Roundups of Rouenbilan non établi
  3. 17 mai 2024Incendiary attack against the synagogue, the attacker shot down by policedégâts

In the same country183

  1. 576Bishop Avitus has the synagogue destroyed; Jews must choose between baptism and exile to Marseille (Gregory of Tours)>500 baptisés de force
  2. 576-591Forced conversions and expulsions ordered by bishops Théodore, Ferréol and Sulpice; Grégoire the Great protests against forced baptismsinconnu
  3. 582Chilperic I imposes baptism on the Jews of the kingdom; the merchant Priscus, who refuses, is murderedtoll not established
  4. 1010Bishop Alduin orders the community to convert or leave the town; violence in the wake of rumors about the destruction of the Holy Sepulchreinconnu
  5. Mai-juin 1096Massacre by crusaders en route to the Orient22
  6. 1146The crusaders of the Second Crusade attack the community, which defends itself and perishes in its houseinconnu
  7. 1147Rabbenou Tam wounded by five blows from crusaders on the second day of Shavuot, saved by a passing lordtoll not established
  8. 1147Massacre of the community by the Crusaders of the Second Crusadeinconnu

And 175 more in the catalogue.

Event 119 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue