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Antiquity

Sisebut (613)

613-694·Espagne wisigothique

Toll
toll not established

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

baptism or expulsion; Egica (694): enslavement of all Jews

After the conversion of the Visigoths to Catholicism, the Spanish monarchy legislated relentlessly against the Jewish community, and its laws were taken up by the Councils of Toledo, which ratified them.

Sisebut opened the series by imposing baptism or exile. The Fourth Council of Toledo, presided over by Isidore of Seville, condemned the principle of forced conversion while deciding that baptisms already received were irrevocable — a position that would set a precedent for centuries. There followed the prohibition of public office, the requirement of oaths of orthodoxy, and the surveillance of converts by the clergy.

The final degree was reached under Égica: the Seventeenth Council of Toledo declared the Jews of the kingdom reduced to servitude, their property confiscated and their children taken from them at seven years of age to be raised as Christians. The Muslim conquest, a few years later, brought this regime to an end.

Period :
Antiquity
Type :
Forced conversion
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Espagne
Sources

*Liber Iudiciorum* (loi wisigothique) ; actes des conciles de Tolède ; Isidore de Séville.

At the same place3

  1. 1391Massacres of 1391 in Spainmilliers de morts, dizaines de milliers de conversions forcées
  2. 1480-1530Inquisition~2 000-5 000 exécutés sur la période
  3. 1492Expulsion; deaths at sea, in Fez (epidemic), in Naplesmilliers

In the same country106

  1. v. 300-306Council of Elviretoll not established
  2. 418Forced conversion of the community (letter of Severus)toll not established
  3. 629-633Dagobert I orders the baptism or expulsion of the Jews of the kingdom (Fredegar); the Fourth Council of Toledo forbids forcing baptism but retains already baptized childrentoll not established
  4. 681-694Councils XII and XVIItoll not established
  5. 694XVIIth Council of Toledotoute la communauté
  6. 1013Berber plunder of the city, Jews killed and driven outinconnu
  7. 1063French knights sent to fight at Barbastro attacked communities on the way; Pope Alexander II wrote to the bishops of Spain to forbid itinconnu
  8. 1066Assassination of vizier Joseph ibn Nagrela, massacre of the community~1 500 familles / ~4 000

And 98 more in the catalogue.

Event 79 of 2483, in chronological order · Antiquity: 88 events in the catalogue