19th century
Legal persecution
1844·Empire russe
The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.
abolition of the kahal, state control of Jewish education and a tax on sabbath candles
The measures of 1844 dismantled within the Russian Empire the distinctive institutions of Jewish life. The kahal, the communal body that apportioned taxes, arbitrated disputes, and administered schools, was abolished; its functions passed to the police and the municipalities. Religious instruction was placed under state control, which opened public schools for Jews whose inspectors were not Jewish.
Added to this was a tax on Sabbath candles, levied on a domestic ritual act and allocated to the funding of those very schools. The community thus paid for the instrument of its own transformation. The system aimed at assimilation through administrative coercion, and it would leave the communities without any recognized body to speak on their behalf.
- Period :
- 19th century
- Type :
- Persecution
- Region :
- Central and Eastern Europe
- Country :
- Empire russe
Recueil complet des lois de l'Empire russe ; études sur la politique scolaire impériale à l'égard des Juifs.