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Early Middle Ages and Crusades

Attacks during the conflict between Philip of Swabia and Otto of Brunswick

1198·Spire, Worms

Toll
inconnu

The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.

Jewish quarters plundered

The death of Emperor Henri opened a double election: Philippe de Souabe against Otton de Brunswick. The Rhenish cities took sides, and the war between the two camps brought disorder back to them.

The Jewish quarters of Spire and Worms were pillaged in these disturbances. The Jews of the Empire were directly subject to the sovereign, who protected and taxed them; when there was no longer a recognized sovereign, this protection vanished, and the communities found themselves without recourse between armed factions.

This vulnerability to power vacuums is confirmed at every interregnum of the Empire. It partly explains why the Rhenish communities paid so dearly, throughout the thirteenth century, for the imperial privileges that declared them "serfs of the chamber": servitude was the price of a protector.

Period :
Early Middle Ages and Crusades
Type :
Massacre
Region :
Western Europe
Country :
Allemagne
Sources

Annales rhénanes ; Memorbuch de Nuremberg ; chroniques impériales.

At the same place4

  1. 3 mai 1096Sabbath attack by the crusaders of Emicho of Flonheim; Bishop Jean shelters the survivors in his castles and has murderers executed11
  2. 1195Ritual murder accusationune dizaine
  3. 1349Black Death massacresinconnu
  4. 1435Riot against the Jewryinconnu

In the same country301

  1. 1012Expulsion of the community by Henri II; Gershom ben Juda, "light of the exile", loses his son there, forcibly convertedtoute la communauté
  2. 1096Massacres of the First Crusade in the Rhineland~800 à Worms, ~1 000 à Mayence ; total 5 000-12 000
  3. 18 et 25 mai 1096Two massacres~800
  4. Mai-juin 1096The archbishop disperses the community in seven neighboring towns; the crusaders massacre them one by one in Juneplusieurs centaines
  5. 27 mai 1096Assault on the palace of Archbishop Ruthard~1 100
  6. Juin 1096The refugees of Cologne take their own lives in the refectory hall at the moment of the Sabbath mealinconnu
  7. Juin 1096Jews driven into the Danube and forcibly baptized en masse; Henry IV would later permit them to return to Judaismtoute la communauté baptisée
  8. Juin 1096Massacre of Cologne refugees in the Middle Rhine towninconnu

And 293 more in the catalogue.

Event 177 of 2483, in chronological order · Early Middle Ages and Crusades: 89 events in the catalogue

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