Siege and conquest of the Jewish oasis of Khaybar; survivors kept as sharecroppers on their own lands

A fortified oasis in the north of the Hedjaz, Khaybar lived off its palm groves and its strongholds, held by Jewish tribes some of whom had recently been driven from Médine. The siege concludes with the surrender of the fortresses one by one.

The capitulation opens a regime that will set a precedent: the vanquished are neither expelled nor converted, but maintained on their own lands as tenant farmers, required to hand over a share of the harvest to the conqueror. This arrangement, reported by Ibn Ishaq and by al-Waqidi, is often cited as the matrix of the status that would later be extended to the protected peoples of the Muslim world.