13th–14th centuries
1391 Massacres
juin 1391·Tolède
The toll is reproduced exactly as the source states it — never rounded, never added to another. Tolls overlap from one event to the next.
the Jewish quarter attacked, Jews killed or forcibly baptized
In Toledo, the Jewish quarter was attacked and the Jews were killed or forcibly baptized. The city was home to the oldest and most illustrious community in Castile.
The moralist Israël Al-Naqawa perished in those days. His Menorat ha-Maor — the Chandelier of Light — survived only in a single manuscript, found at Oxford and published five and a half centuries later, at a time when the namesake work of Isaac Aboab, written in the same Castile and the same generation, had become one of the most reprinted books in the Jewish world. His son Ephraïm made his way to Tlemcen, where he became the Rab el-Kebir. The Encaoua family bears his name.
Two of his synagogues survive: the one known as Santa María la Blanca and that of the Transito, erected by Samuel ha-Levi Abulafia, treasurer to King Pierre le Cruel, who had it decorated with Hebrew inscriptions praising the sovereign. The same Abulafia died under torture on that king's orders. The fate of the Jewish courtiers of Castile is contained in these two facts.
Named victims
- Israël Al-Naqawa?–1391
This catalogue records events. A victim is named here only when a source attests it for this massacre.
- Period :
- 13th–14th centuries
- Type :
- Massacre
- Region :
- Western Europe
- Country :
- Espagne
Chroniques castillanes ; Baer, History of the Jews in Christian Spain ; H. G. Enelow (éd.), Menorat ha-Maor d'Israël Al-Naqawa.