XIXth century CE

Rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty (1898-1992)

French rabbi

rabbi

Disciple of Salanter, founder of the Talmud Torah of Kelm, pillar of the Mussar movement.

Samuel Simchowitz, Russian rabbinic writer, born in the early nineteenth century and died in Slutzk in March 1896. Endowed with solid rabbinic learning and versed in modern literature, he published…

Simeon b. Judah, tanna of the fourth generation from Kefar 'Ikos, is chiefly known as a transmitter of the sentences of Simeon b. Yoḥaï. Two of his own exegetical sentences have come down to us,…

Bohemian Talmudist active in Prague in the first half of the nineteenth century, known by the acronym LaSh. He is the author of a vast commentary on the six orders of the Mishna, "Shesh…

Russian philosopher

Trilingual poet (Russian, Yiddish, Hebrew) of Odessa, linked to Hibbat Zion.

British rabbi

Member of the Israel Supreme Court and rabbinic scholar (1889–1953)

Rabbi of Meknès, nineteenth century. Died in 5660 of the Hebrew era (1900). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 99-4.

Laurence Mark Simmons, English rabbi, born in London in 1852 and died in Manchester on April 5, 1900. Trained at the City of London School, he left in 1873 to pursue his studies at the rabbinical…

Rabbi in Prague

American political figure

Austrian rabbi, scientist and writer (1860–1940)

Dutch politician

Dutch writer

French rabbi

man who delivered the Duchess of Berry to the authorities of the July Monarchy

Galician rabbi, deputy to the Polish Sejm (1922-1928), Chief Rabbi of Finland (from 1931) where he obtained visas for refugees fleeing Nazi Germany.

Hungarian rabbi

Hungarian Jewish poet and journalist, born Kohn Simon in Tass on 19 August 1882, died in Budapest on 27 January 1945. Journalist at Budapesti Napló then editor (from 1930) of the daily Az Est. His…

Born in Frauenberg (Lorraine), he founded in 1848 with his brothers Alexandre and Lazare the house Lazard Frères (first in New Orleans, then San Francisco, Paris, and New York), at the origin of the…

Finnish conductor, composer, pianist and author (1897-1969)

Austrian rabbi

Rabbi

Russian politician

Gustav Simon, German surgeon, born in Darmstadt on May 30, 1824 and died in Heidelberg on August 28, 1876. Trained in Heidelberg and Giessen (doctor of medicine, 1848), he served as surgeon of the…

Joseph Simon, lawyer and American politician, born in Bechtheim, Hesse, on February 7, 1851, and accompanies his parents to Portland, Oregon, in 1857. Admitted to the bar in 1872, he pursues a long…

Lady Rachel Simon, English woman of letters, born in London on August 1, 1823 and died there on July 7, 1899, daughter of Simeon K. Salaman and Alice Cowen. Married on July 12, 1843 to John Simon,…

Moritz Alexander Simon, German banker and philanthropist, born in Hanover on 27 November 1837 and died there in 1905. After witnessing the misery of East European Jewish immigrants in New York, he…

Oskar Simon, German dermatologist, was born in Berlin on January 2, 1845 and died in Breslau on March 2, 1882. Trained in his native city (doctor of medicine, 1868), he did a postgraduate internship…

Sir John Simon, barrister (serjeant at law) and English politician, born in Jamaica 9 December 1818 and died in London 24 June 1897. Graduate of the University of London in 1841 and admitted to the…

David Simons, Dutch jurist, born in The Hague on November 3, 1860. After studying law at Leiden (doctor of law, 1883), he establishes himself as a lawyer in Amsterdam, then becomes in 1897 professor…

David Jacob Simonsen, Danish rabbi and author, was born in Copenhagen on March 17, 1853. Trained at the Von Westenske Institut and the rabbinical seminary of Breslau (1874-1879), he became assistant…

Joseph Levin Simonsen, Danish jurist, was born in Copenhagen on December 26, 1814 and died there on June 21, 1886. A graduate of the University of Copenhagen in 1837, he was admitted in 1851 to the…

Sigmund Simonyi, Hungarian linguist converted to Christianity, was born in Veszprém on January 1, 1853 and studied in Esztergom, Budapest, Leipzig, Berlin and Paris. He became lecturer in 1877,…

Martin Eduard von Simson, German jurist and statesman, born on November 10, 1810 in Königsberg and died in Berlin on May 22, 1899. Having become Christian from an early age, he taught Roman law in…

Rabbi of the Orthodox Israelites of Karlsruhe

Edmund Singer, Hungarian violinist, born in Tata, Hungary, on October 14, 1831; student of Ellinger, Ridley Kohne and Joseph Böhm for violin, and of Preyer for composition, he studied from 1844 to…

Isidor Singer, Austrian economist, born in Budapest on January 16, 1857. After studies in mathematics, astronomy and then economics at the University of Vienna, he devoted himself to political…

Josef Singer, Austrian cantor, was born in Galicia on October 15, 1842. Intended by his father, an itinerant hazzan, for a theatrical career, he instead pursued four years of studies at the Prague…

Maximilian Singer, botanist, zoologist and Austrian author, was born in Leipnik on February 6, 1857 and obtained his doctorate in Vienna in 1883. Author of articles on botany and zoology, he also…

Paul Singer, social democrat and German deputy, born in Berlin on January 16, 1844. After a commercial career — he founds in 1869 a coat factory with his brother —, he engages in politics alongside…

Samuel Singer, philologist, was born in Vienna on July 12, 1860; educated at the gymnasium and then at the university of his native city (doctor of law, 1884; doctor of philosophy, 1885), he became a…

From a Sephardic family of Portuguese origin (branch passing through Jamaica before London). Founded in 1914 the Oxford and St George's Jewish Boys' Club, which became the Bernhard Baron Settlement…

Member of the great Ezra family, the dominant family of the Baghdadi Jewish community of Calcutta. He was sheriff of Calcutta and administrator of the Reserve Bank of India, taking up the communal…

Son of German Jewish parents from Frankfurt, he directs the London branch Speyer Brothers of the family banking house and chairs the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (1906–1915),…

Born in London, son of Zadok Aaron Jessel, Jewish merchant. Barrister admitted in 1847, Solicitor General (1871–73) — first practicing Jew to hold high government office in England — then Master of…

Elder brother of Marion Spielmann, ennobled in 1905. He organized the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition of 1887 and chaired the Jewish Historical Society of England (1902–04). At the height of…

Orthodox Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi

Anglo-German textile merchant born in Bad Pyrmont in a family of traders. Settled in Leeds (1834) then Bradford (1838), first foreign merchant to export Bradford wool; founded the house Sir Jacob…

Son of Solomon Sebag and Sarah Montefiore, nephew and heir of Sir Moses Montefiore. Founder of the brokerage house Joseph Sebag & Company. President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1895…

Born in London into a Jewish family, he went to Kimberley in 1875 as a diamond sorter, became director of the Griqualand West Diamond Company and then head of the Hermann Eckstein & Co. mining house.…

Member of the Gluckstein family, Conservative Member of Parliament (1931–1945) and president of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue from 1944.

Born in Paddington (London), second son of the merchant Jonah Nathan (of German origin) and Miriam Jacob Nathan. An officer of the Royal Engineers, he was governor of Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast,…

Judge at the Berlin Labour Court in 1929, dismissed by the Nazis in 1933, he fled to London and studied at the London School of Economics, where he became a professor, then professor of comparative…

British industrialist, he joined Shell in 1901 and was one of the principal architects of its merger with the Royal Dutch, becoming effectively number two in the group; he played a key role in…

Lazar Skreinka, Hungarian scholar of the mid-nineteenth century, devoted himself to teaching and became director of the Jewish school founded in Arad by Aaron Chorin, assisting him in his enterprise…

Damianus Skuteczky, Hungarian painter of genre and portraits, was born in Kis-Györ on February 9, 1850. Trained at the Akademie under Geiger, a state scholarship allowed him to settle in Venice,…

Charles Sloman, English composer and singer of comic songs, born around 1808 and died in London on July 21, 1870. He composed 'Sacred Strains and Hymns' (London, 1860) as well as several songs, among…

Ḥayyim Selig Slonimski, Russian author, scholar, and inventor, was born in Białystok on March 31, 1810, and died in Warsaw on May 15, 1904. First to teach popular science to Jews of Eastern Europe in…

Leonid Zinovievitch Slonimski, Russian publicist, was born in 1852, son of Ḥayyim Selig Slonimski. From the age of twenty, he collaborated with Russian journals through articles on sociology and law,…

David Solomon Slouschz, Russian rabbi and preacher, born in Odessa on 11 September 1852. Trained from fourteen years of age at the yeshiva of Minsk and then at that of Volozhin, he was ordained rabbi…

Nahoum Slouschz, Russian man of letters and Hebraist, was born in Odessa in November 1872. Sent as an adolescent to Palestine by the Society of Lovers of Zion of Odessa to found a colony there, he…

David Slucki, Hebrew scholar of Warsaw, died in that city between 1870 and 1880. Editor of the « Guemoul Atalia » of David Franco Mendes (Warsaw, 1860) and the « Agadat Arba Kossot » of Pappenheim…

Peter (Perets) ben Moses Smolenskin, Russian writer, born in Monastyrchtchina, in the government of Moghilev, on February 25, 1842, and died in Meran, Austria, on February 1, 1885. After a youth…

Isaac Snowman, English artist, born in London in 1874. Entering the Royal Academy School in 1890, where he obtained a medal and then a grant from the Institution of British Artists, he participated…

Moses Soave, Italian Hebraist, was born in Venice on March 28, 1820 and died there on November 27, 1882. Tutor in Venetian Jewish families, he assembled a library rich in rare works and composed,…

Joseph Friedrich Sobernheim, German physician and medical author, born in Königsberg in 1803 and died in Berlin on January 30, 1846. Established as a physician in Berlin, he publishes there numerous…

Ḥayyim ben Mordekhaï Éphraïm Fischl Sofer, Hungarian rabbi, born in Presbourg on September 29, 1821 and died in Pest on June 28, 1886. Trained in Presbourg and then in Ungvár in the yechivot of the…

Nahoum ben Joseph Samuel Sokolow, Russian journalist, was born in Wyszogród, in the governorate of Płock, on January 10, 1859. A prodigy from the age of ten, destined for the rabbinate, he settled in…

Jewish martyr

Émile-Arthur Soldi, French engraver, sculptor and art writer, was born in Paris on May 27, 1846, son of David Soldi, professor of modern languages originally from Denmark. He obtained in 1869 the…

Hungarian rabbi

Born in London in a Jewish family of the East End (son of Joel Joel, keeper of the King of Prussia tavern; his mother Kate Isaacs was sister of Barney Barnato). With his brothers Jack and Woolf, he…

Hungarian rabbi

Jewish merchant of the American Far West who became governor

American rabbi

American rabbi

Austrian scholar (1832–1900)

British painter born in London in a Jewish family, founding member of the New English Art Club, elected to the Royal Academy in 1906 and then president of the Royal Society of British Artists (1919).…

Galician scholar, pioneer of the science of Judaism and of the historical biography of the sages. He was chief rabbi of Prague.

French rabbi

American mathematician

Soviet classical philologist and Hellenist

Hungarian rabbi

Born into a Sephardic family of Charleston (nephew of hazzan Emanuel Nunes Carvalho), he was the first photographer to accompany John C. Frémont's expedition to the West (1853-1854). He kept a secret…

Prolific Galician maskil, specialist in folklore and Jewish philosophy.

German-American rabbi and author (1842–1915)

American rabbi

Lithuanian-Russian rabbi and writer

Ukrainian rabbi

Belarusian historian

Edward S. Solomon, American military officer and jurist, was born in Schleswig, in Schleswig-Holstein, on December 25, 1836. Emigrated to the United States, he settled in Chicago, where he was…

Michael Solomon, British merchant and politician, born in England in 1818 and died in Jamaica on May 5, 1892. Emigrated to Jamaica in childhood, he became the head of the Bravo Brothers house and…

Simeon Solomon, English painter, born in Bristol in 1834 and died in London on March 15, 1905, brother of Abraham Solomon. Revealing artistic talents early, he comes under the influence of D. G.…

Vabian L. Solomon, first minister of South Australia, born around 1849, son of Judah Moss Solomon. After early career in the Northern Territory, where he becomes mayor of the principal town, he…

Abraham Solomonov, Russian author, was born in Minsk in 1778. A figure of Haskalah propaganda among the Jews of Russia, he assisted the government in its reforms affecting Jews, worked as official…

Adolphus Simeon Solomons, American community worker, was born in New York on October 26, 1826. Engaged at a very young age in the National Guard, he was appointed in 1851 by Secretary of State Daniel…

Joseph Baer Soloveitchik, Talmudist and Russian rabbi, born in Niasvij in 1820 and died on May 1, 1892. Trained in Volozhin, he succeeded R. Guerchon of Minsk at the head of the yeshiva of Minsk,…

Vladimir Sergueïevitch Soloviev, Russian publicist and friend of the Jews, was born in 1853 and died in 1900. In his article « Rossiya i Ievropa », he opposes the hostility of the Slavophile party…

Abdallah Abraham Joseph Somekh, rabbi of Baghdad, was born there in 1813 and died there in 1889. Trained by the rabbis Jacob Joseph ha-Rofé and Moses Ḥayyim, he became the spiritual leader of the…

Sigismund Sonnenfeld, Hungarian journalist, born in Vágújhely on 1 October 1847. Trained at the gymnases of Prague and Presbourg and then at the University of Budapest (doctorate, 1870), he entered…

Adolf Ritter von Sonnenthal, Austrian actor, was born in Budapest on December 21, 1834, son of humble parents and apprenticed tailor until his adolescence. Gone to try his luck in Vienna, where a…

Sidney Sonnino, baron, Italian politician, born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1849, of a Jewish father emigrated from Livorno and a Protestant English mother. Educated in Florence in the circle of…

Pathologist, identified solid cell nests of the thyroid; pioneer in Mandate Palestine.

Ugo Sorani, Italian jurist and deputy, born in Pitigliano on 4 May 1850. After studying law in Mondovi, Livorno and Pisa, where he graduated in 1872, he established himself as a lawyer in Florence,…

Joseph Juda Löb Sossnitz, Talmudist, mathematician and Russian-American scientific author, is born in Birzhi, in the government of Kovno, on September 17, 1837. Teaching Hebrew in Riga from the age…

Meyer Spanier, pedagogue and German writer, was born in Wunstorf, Hanover, on November 1, 1864, and studied philosophy and German philology at Heidelberg (doctorate, 1894). Teaching in Altona and…

Mordekhaï Spector, Russian Judeo-German writer, born in Ouman, in the governorate of Kiev, on May 5, 1859. Trained in the Hasidic spirit, he studies from 1874 to 1877 secular sciences under Colonel…

Isaac Elhanan Spektor, Russian rabbi and author, is born in Rosh, in the government of Grodno, in 1817, and dies in Kovno on March 6, 1896. Married at thirteen, trained by R. Elie Schick and then by…

Jacob Hirsch Sperling, Austrian religious teacher at the Jewish college and German gymnasium of Lemberg, born there in 1837 and died there in December 1899. Support of the Haskala in Galicia and…

Max Spicker, German musician, born in Königsberg on August 16, 1858. Trained at the Leipzig Conservatory, he traveled through Germany and Russia with violinist Miska Hauser in 1878, then successively…

Frederick S. Spiegel, American jurist, born in Hovestadt, in Prussian Westphalia, on November 20, 1858. Emigrated to the United States in childhood and settled in Gadsden, Alabama, he graduated from…

Marion H. Spielmann, English author and art critic, is born in London on May 22, 1858. Art critic at the « Pall Mall Gazette » from 1883 to 1890, then at the « Daily Graphic » in 1890, he founds and…

Joel Élie Spingarn, American pedagogue, born in New York on 17 May 1875. Graduated from Columbia in 1895, he pursued higher studies at Harvard and Columbia (doctorate, 1899), where he was appointed…

Jacob Samuel Speyer, Dutch philologist, born in Amsterdam on December 20, 1849. Trained in Amsterdam and in Leiden (doctorate, 1872), he teaches in Hoorn and then, from 1873 to 1888, at the gymnasium…

American rabbi born in Csaba, Hungary, on October 14, 1848, trained at the University of Prague and holding the rabbinic diploma of Rabbi Judah Teweles. He officiated at the B'nai Sholom congregation…

Hebrew and German teacher at the Jewish school of Prague in the first half of the 19th century. He is the author of « Alon Bakut » (Prague, 1826), written at the death of his grandfather Rabbi…

Austrian rabbi and champion of orthodoxy, died in Vienna, at an advanced age, on December 5, 1893. Son-in-law of the rabbi Moses Sofer, he directed for more than forty years the ultra-orthodox…

French art collector and dealer, born in Presbourg in 1814 and died in Paris in 1890. Son of the official gravedigger of the community, he left without resources for Vienna and then launched into the…

Hungarian rabbi born in 1839 in Keszthely, where his father was already rabbi, died in 1896; he descended from Yom-Tob Lipmann Heller. Trained in Prague, he became rabbi in Esseg in 1856 and was…

Austrian physician born in Nikolsburg, Moravia, in 1813, died in Vienna in 1894. Professor of anatomy at the medical school of Constantinople, where he founded the anatomical museum, he became in…

Austrian mathematician born in Vienna on February 3, 1826, died in the same city on April 2, 1887. Graduate of the University of Vienna in 1850, he became a privat-docent at Vienna's polytechnic…

German Protestant Hebraist and historian of Israel, born in Arnstadt on May 11, 1848. He became private lecturer at the University of Leipzig in 1873, then professor of theology in Giessen in 1875,…

German economist born in Munich on June 2, 1812, died in Giessen on March 19, 1873. Orphaned at an early age, he was raised by the philologist Döderlein in Erlangen, studied in Munich and Halle, then…

Russian writer and journalist born in Nikopol, in the governorate of Iekaterinoslav, on 18 December 1850, son of the wealthy Lithuanian merchant Moses Stanislavski. Initially destined for a…

German jurist born in Nikolai, in Upper Silesia, on March 21, 1856. Trained at the universities of Breslau, Berlin and Leipzig, where he obtained his diploma in 1880, he established himself as a…

American jurist born in New York on December 18, 1856. Graduate of Columbia Law School in 1877, the year he was admitted to the bar, he was elected in 1881 judge of the Fourth District Court of New…

artist and journalist, of Hungarian origin

Austrian entrepreneur

Anatomist and physician, among the first Jewish women to practice surgery in the United States.

Chemist, her analyses of lead and thorium proved the existence of isotopes; killed at Treblinka.

Hungarian orientalist and archaeologist born in Budapest in 1862, trained in Vienna, Tübingen, Oxford and London. Appointed in 1888 registrar of the University of Punjab in Lahore and principal of…

American jurist born in Steele, Rhenish Prussia, on March 12, 1844, emigrated to the United States in 1854. Holder of an A.M. diploma from the University of Wisconsin in 1868, the year he was…

German author born on December 3, 1853 in Königsberg. His family settled in Berlin in 1864; the death of his father prevented him from continuing his studies and he became a bookseller before turning…

Austrian statesman born in Vienna on June 11, 1846. Doctor of law from the University of Vienna, he practiced as a lawyer before being attached to the Ministry of Commerce, then served as Minister of…

Austrian physician born in Fünfkirchen, Hungary, on January 3, 1850. Doctor of medicine from the University of Vienna in 1875, he was appointed naval surgeon in 1876, a position he left in 1881,…

Hungarian historian born in Güssing, Hungary, on 16 December 1857. Doctor of philosophy from Graz in 1882 and doctor of law in 1894, he became privatdozent at the University of Vienna in 1895 and was…

German Egyptologist born in Dessau on 12 November 1861. Trained in Oriental languages in Leipzig and Berlin, where he became privatdocent, he succeeded his master Georg Ebers in 1893 as professor of…

German financier born in Laupheim in 1835, died in Stuttgart on September 24, 1903. First a lawyer, he rose to the head of Württemberg finance as president of the Württembergische Vereinsbank and…

Australian politician born in Neisse, Silesia, in 1827, died in Melbourne on May 6, 1893. Trained at the college of Brieg then established in London (1847-53), he went to Ballarat, Australia, where…

German rabbi and scholar of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, holder of the rabbinate of Minden. Elected councilor at the convocation of the Westphalia consistory in 1807, he defended the…

German woman of letters born in Kobylin on April 16, 1852. Trained in Halle-sur-Saale, she married Siegfried Heinrich Steinitz in 1873 and published several novels, including « Des Volkes Tochter »…

German philologist and philosopher born in Gröbzig, Anhalt, on May 16, 1823, died in Berlin on March 14, 1899. A student of Wilhelm von Humboldt, he studied philology and philosophy in Berlin, where…

German politician (1824–1898)

Hungarian rabbi born in Nagy-Kanizsa in 1826, died at the mental asylum in Ofen on June 16, 1888, son-in-law of rabbi Hirsch Bär Fassel. He served as rabbi in Lengyeltoti from 1851 to 1867, then was…

German poet and literary historian, born in Leipzig on June 14, 1835. Trained in philosophy and History in Leipzig and Jena, he resided from 1853 to 1865 in several cities before settling in Dresden,…

German historian born on November 22, 1846, in Göttingen, where his father was a professor of mathematics. Trained at the gymnasium of his native city, at Heidelberg, and at Berlin, he was assistant…

English banker born in Frankfurt am Main, died in London on January 19, 1877, member of a family whose descendants founded banking houses in several European capitals. The King of Portugal conferred…

Christian missionary born in Unterreichenbach, Hesse-Cassel, on April 11, 1820, died in London on May 13, 1885. Converted and baptized in London in 1840 after joining the Institution of Converted…

English financier born in Frankfurt-on-the-Main in 1815, died in London on October 20, 1887. With his brother David of Stern, he established himself in London in 1844 and founded the house Stern…

German musician born in Breslau on 8 August 1820, died in Berlin on 27 February 1883. Trained on the violin from childhood, he studied in Berlin after 1832, obtained a scholarship from King Frederick…

Merchant and American politician born in Ziegenhain, Hesse-Cassel, on February 22, 1847, who emigrated to America with his parents in 1853. Settled in New York in 1867, where he founded with his…

German psychologist born in Berlin on 29 April 1871, doctor of philosophy from his native city's university in 1893. Appointed privat-docent at the University of Breslau in 1897, he founded there a…

Hungarian Hebraicist born in Pressburg on November 9, 1811, died in Vienna on February 9, 1873. Trained by his father, a teacher at the Jewish primary school of Pressburg, he took charge of his…

German mathematician born in Frankfurt am Main on June 29, 1807, died in Berne, Switzerland, on January 30, 1894. Initially destined for a rabbinical career, he studied philology in Heidelberg before…

Hungarian physician born in Halas, Hungary, on September 16, 1839, doctor of medicine from the universities of Prague and Vienna in 1858. Assistant at the municipal hospital in Vienna, he was…

Writer, editor and American critic born in Philadelphia in 1838, died on May 2, 1904. First tempted by the violin, he devoted himself to literature, notably translating Heine as well as Auerbach's…

Austrian dramatist born in Vienna on May 5, 1837. After a brief experience in commerce, he turned toward literature, encouraged in 1861 by Friedrich Hebbel, and wrote notably the tragedies « Valentin…

German physician and philosophical writer born in Sandberg, Posen, on 11 August 1844, son of a rabbi. He attended from 1860 to 1865 the Jewish theological seminary of Breslau, later studied…

American lawyer born in Philadelphia on July 23, 1839, died in New York on September 22, 1901. Graduate of the University of Pennsylvania in 1859, he was admitted to the bar the following year and…

English artist born in London on March 8, 1863. Trained at the Julian Academy and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, he emigrated to the United States in 1881, lived in Chicago until 1885, then…

German humorist born in Hamburg on November 2, 1831. After a commercial career, he studied in Berlin from 1857 to 1860, then, returning to Hamburg in 1861, founded the satirical periodical « Die…

German writer born in Arolsen, in Waldeck, on February 22, 1801, died in Venice on August 23, 1849. Educated at the universities of Göttingen and Leipzig, he became in 1828 a teacher in a Berlin…

American chemist born in Hoboken, New Jersey, on May 26, 1867, trained in the public schools of New York, at the Realgymnasium of Karlsruhe and at the universities of Berlin and Göttingen. Returning…

Hungarian rabbi born in Neustadt-on-the-Waag, Hungary, on 12 April 1844. Trained at the gymnasium and Talmud Torah of Pressburg, then at the universities of Vienna (doctorate, 1869) and Breslau as…

Hungarian physician born in Miskolcz on June 23, 1837, trained in Budapest and Vienna, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1863. Appointed assistant physician at the Jewish hospital in…

German anatomist and surgeon born in Kirchhayn, Hesse, on February 22, 1810, died in Cassel on January 28, 1879. Doctor of medicine from the University of Marburg in 1832, he was appointed district…

German ophthalmologist born in Kassel on September 22, 1842, son of Benedikt Stilling. Trained at the universities of Marburg, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1865, Würzburg, Berlin…

Christian historian of the Jews, born in Königsberg, East Prussia, on June 28, 1831, died in Leipzig on May 19, 1887. Trained in philology, history and law in his native city, doctor of law in 1853,…

Protestant theologian, German politician and antisemitic agitator, born in Halberstadt on December 11, 1835. Trained at the universities of Halle and Berlin, he was appointed pastor in 1863, then…

Dutch physician born in Amsterdam on August 16, 1834, died on September 28, 1902, son of physician J. B. Stokvis. Trained at the Latin school and the Athenaeum of Amsterdam, then in Paris and Vienna,…

Austrian laryngologist born in Ofen, Hungary, on September 17, 1832, died in Vienna on September 13, 1899. Trained at the universities of Prague and Vienna, where he obtained his doctorate in…

Protestant theologian and German orientalist born in Berlin on May 6, 1848, associate professor of exegesis of the Old Testament and of Semitic languages at the University of Berlin since 1877.…

Hungarian actor and dramatic art professor born in Sebes, near Eperies, in Hungary, on December 3, 1845. After a brief commercial experience, he took the stage in Reichenberg in 1863, performed in…

Pianist, singer and Austrian impresario born in Brünn in 1825, died in Paris on October 9, 1887. After public debuts from the age of eleven, he went to America at the time of the 1848 revolution,…

Talmudist and Russian writer born in Vilna on October 1st, 1817, died December 13th, 1885. Trained under Manasseh of Ilya and Isaac of Volozhin, he acquired knowledge of Russian, German, French,…

Hungarian violinist born in Pressburg on March 28, 1835, trained by Hellmesberger and Joseph Böhm for violin, by Preyer and Nottebohm for composition. After his public debut in Vienna in June 1850…

Hungarian geographer and ethnologist born in Cece, Hungary, on May 15, 1853, trained in Fehérvár and Budapest, where he attended the military academy before being attached to the general staff of…

French jurist and politician born in Gundershoffen, Lower Alsace, on October 14, 1834. Graduate of the Faculty of Law in Paris in 1874, he established himself the same year as a lawyer before the…

British author born in Three Rivers, Canada, in 1807, died in Teddington, England, on September 2, 1887. Trained in Berlin and at the medical school of Montpellier, he visited England in 1832, served…

English rabbi born in Germany in 1848, trained at the Royal Gymnasium of Stuttgart and at the universities of Würzburg and Tübingen, where he obtained his doctorate in 1873. Ordained rabbi in 1870,…

Cantor of the synagogue of Mihăileni, in Romania, born in Brody (Galicia) in 1809, died in September 1875. Trained in Hebrew literature under Erter and Krochmal, he notably published 'Za'ḳat Sheber'…

German railroad entrepreneur born in Neidenburg, in East Prussia, on November 20, 1823, died in Berlin on June 1, 1884. After a commercial failure in London and a stay in America, he returned to…

American lawyer and politician born in Germany on December 16, 1825, who emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1832 and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. After studying law and…

German painter born in Berlin on March 6, 1876. Initially destined for a rabbinical career, he showed marked talent for drawing and painting, entered the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin, where he…

Polish physician born in the early nineteenth century in Zbarasz, Galicia, where his father Aaron Polak was rabbi; died in Warsaw around 1876. Trained by his father until age fourteen then at the…

Galician follower of the Haskalah and professor of philosophy at the rabbinical seminary of Jitomir, Russia, born near Brody, Galicia, in 1790, died in Jitomir on July 29, 1880. Student of Nachman…

Karaite Hakham born in Lutsk in 1785, died in Eupatoria, in Crimea, before 1878. One of the most eminent Karaite scholars of the nineteenth century, he served as Hakham in Lutsk, succeeding his…

American jurist born in the Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, on May 10, 1842. Trained in Germany and then emigrated to the United States, he was appointed in 1900 judge of the Supreme Court of Puerto…

Austrian cantor and composer born in Hohenems, Tyrol, on March 30, 1804, died in Vienna on January 17, 1890. Trained in liturgical singing under the cantors of Endingen and Karlsruhe and then under…

Shohet (ritual slaughterer) in London in the first half of the nineteenth century, he composed a commentary on the Yoreh De'ah in four parts — Sifté Zahav, Adné Zahav, Leboushé Tebou'ah and Leboushé…

American mechanical engineer born in Aachen on April 29, 1830, died in San Francisco on August 8, 1898. Emigrated to the United States in 1850, he joined California then Nevada, where he designed the…

American lawyer born in Aix-la-Chapelle on 14 March 1845, emigrated as a young man to the United States with his parents. Graduate of Harvard in 1871 and then of the law faculty of Columbia College…