XIXth century CE

American chess player born in Ungvár, Hungary, on July 4, 1863, emigrated to New York where he soon became known in chess circles. Victor in 1883 of a match against Philadelphia, champion of the New…

French lawyer and senator born in Nyons, near Avignon, on August 2, 1818, died in Montpellier on February 6, 1891. Lawyer under the July Monarchy government then prosecutor of the Republic in…

English author and community activist born in Schwerin-on-the-Warthe, in the Grand Duchy of Posania, in 1814, died in London on 13 January 1895. Emigrated to England in 1835, he settled in 1839 as a…

German physician and anthropologist born in Berent, in West Prussia, on August 29, 1832, trained at the universities of Vienna and Berlin, doctor of medicine in 1856. He practices in Neidenburg until…

German physician born in Neidenburg on September 12, 1861, died in Hallstadt, Upper Austria, on September 21, 1891, son of Abraham Lissauer. Trained at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin and…

American politician and industrialist born in Gloversville, in the State of New York, on January 20, 1859. Harvard graduate in 1878, he joined his father's glove manufacturing business, which he…

Polish-German Talmudist who lived in the early nineteenth century. He is the author of "Iggeret Yissakar", a treatise on morals and religion in the form of a letter to his son (Budapest and Lemberg,…

Russian rabbi born in Satanov, in the government of Podolia, in 1801, died in Zaslavl, in the government of Volhynia, on September 2, 1881, descendant of Rabbi Joshua Höschel of Cracow (1654–64),…

Erudite Talmudist and Lithuanian printer died in Wilna on 24 October 1812, highly regarded for his learning and help to Talmud students. He founds in 1799, in association with Tobiah b. Abraham…

Rabbi of Rozniatow and then of Styria, died in 1813. He is the author of « Ḳeẓot ha-Ḥoshen », a casuistic commentary in two volumes on the Ḥoshen Mishpat of the Shulḥan Arukh of Joseph Caro (from…

Rabbi of Byelostok, in Russia, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, author of the "Sha'agat Aryeh" (Byelostok, 1805), novellae on the tractate Makkot, where he frequently cites the "Ner Tamid"…

Hasidic rabbi of the early movement, died on October 4, 1810. A simple 'melamed' in his youth, he never took the title of rabbi, being, unlike other tsaddikim of his time, the disciple of no great…

Galician rabbi of the early nineteenth century, first serving in Podhajce then in Brody, contemporary of Éphraïm Zalman Margaliot, chief rabbi of Brody, whose « Bet Efrayim » cites one of his…

German mineral water businessman (1809–1880)

Austrian physician born in Roman, Romania, on 15 May 1857, trained at the gymnasium of Czernowitz then at the universities of Vienna and Paris, doctor of medicine in Vienna in 1883. Assistant at the…

Dutch rabbi (1884-1942)

American biologist born in Germany on April 7, 1859, trained at the universities of Berlin, Munich and Strasbourg, doctor of medicine in 1884. Assistant at the institute of physiology in Würzburg…

American artist born in Cleveland, Ohio, on November 7, 1866. Apprentice lithographer then student of the evening schools of the Art Students' League of New York from 1885, of which he became…

American chemist born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 23, 1863, son of Solomon Loeb, trained at the New York College of Pharmacy and at the universities of Harvard, Berlin, Heidelberg and Leipzig.…

Dutch film producer (1880-1953)

Manufacturer, philanthropist and German deputy, born in Heiligenstadt on November 27, 1837, died in Berlin on September 11, 1886, son of a poor schoolteacher. After early ventures in the wool trade,…

German writer and journalist, born 12 March 1836 at Ernsbach, in Württemberg, doctor of philosophy from the University of Tübingen in 1859. Founder of several magazines and newspapers in Germany, he…

Austrian archaeologist born in Vienna on September 1, 1857, trained at the gymnasium and university of his native city, doctorate in 1882, became professor of archaeology at the University of Rome.…

Astronomer born in Vienna, Austria, on April 15, 1833, from a Hungarian family, trained in his native city where he works at the observatory. Called in 1860 to the Observatory of Paris as assistant…

Italian physician, born in Gorizia in 1825 and died in Trieste in 1884, son of Samuel Vita Lolli; he studied medicine in Padua and Vienna. He interrupted his studies to join the volunteers of the…

Italian alienist and criminologist, born in Verona on November 18, 1835, descended on both parents from the tribe of Levi, his father descending from a lineage of rabbis and Hebraists. After studying…

Italian political economist, born in Mantua on March 2, 1857, educated at the high school of his native city and then at the universities of Bologna, Pavia, Rome, Berlin and London. He became…

Italian mathematician, born in Mantua on May 19, 1862, trained at the Mantua lyceum and then at the University of Turin, where he became doctor of mathematics in 1884. The same year he was appointed…

American-Canadian film producer

Irish footballer, cricket player (1890-1943)

Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1856-1941)

Eldest son of deputy Léopold Javal, he specialized in ophthalmology to attempt to cure his sister's strabismus. In 1878 he opened a laboratory of ophthalmology at the Sorbonne which he directed until…

American rabbi

German banker

Louis Sigismond Isaac Halphen (1880-1950) was a French historian specializing in the Middle Ages, professor at the Sorbonne, author of numerous reference works on the Carolingian period. He was the…

American Reform rabbi and author (1893–1972)

Member of the Koenigswarter Jewish banking family, he was an economist and historian of law in France. He published notably "Essay on the Legislation of Ancient and Modern Peoples Relating to…

German painter

Polish-German Jewish composer of synagogue music born in Wreschen, Grand Duchy of Posen; musical director at Berlin's New Synagogue whose liturgical melodies remain central to synagogue services…

1868-1941 rabbi and historian

Born in Zülz in Prussian Silesia into a Jewish family, doctor of the University of Berlin. He accompanied Sir Moses Montefiore on his missions to the Near East and Europe (1839–1874). Director of the…

Count, son of Meyer Joseph Cahen d'Anvers (founder of the Cahen d'Anvers bank) and Clara Bischoffsheim, he directed the family banking affairs. A great patron of the arts, he commissioned portraits…

Born in Paris to Jewish Alsatian parents. Minister of Finance (September 12, 1917 – January 20, 1920) in the second Clemenceau government, in charge of German reparations (« The Boche will pay! »).…

Czech-born American writer, teacher and inventor

American poet, born in Cleveland, Ohio, on April 11, 1864, holder of a master's degree from the University of Alabama and residing in 1904 in Dalton, Georgia. He publishes several collections of…

German historian, born in Berlin on 3 June 1863, doctor of the University of Berlin in 1888. Settled in Italy since 1889, he becomes in 1895 assistant archivist at the State archives of Rome, and…

Anglo-American journalist and writer, born in London on July 14, 1860, trained at King's College School and in Austria before devoting himself to journalism. Washington correspondent for the Boston…

Astronomer, born in Mako, Hungary, in 1841, and died in Steglitz, near Berlin, on 25 May 1900; he studies at the universities of Leipzig and Vienna, then obtains his doctorate in Budapest in 1867.…

Russian mathematician, author of works of scientific popularization. He published notably a theory of perspective (1858), a practical geometry (1860) and elementary geodesy (1861), as well as several…

Austrian actor, born in Prostějov, in Moravia, on February 6, 1856; after studying law at the University of Vienna, he takes the stage in 1878 and specializes in heroic roles. Engaged in 1895 at the…

German physician, born in Berlin on 11 March 1844, trained at the universities of Jena, Würzburg, Strasbourg and Breslau, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1872. Assistant at the…

German physician, born in Munich on January 23, 1847, trained in his native city where he obtained his doctorate of medicine in 1870. Medical assistant in a Bavarian field hospital during the…

German rabbi, born in Württemberg and died in Basel on May 25, 1876, friend of Berthold Auerbach and an assiduous reader of Schelling's philosophy. A fervent supporter of Reform in his youth, he…

Russian mathematician, born in Volodarka, in Russia, in the second quarter of the 19th century. He is the author of the Bikkure ha-Limmudiyyot, explanations of mathematical passages in the works of…

Austrian rabbi, born in Międzyrzecz, in the province of Posen, on February 1, 1821, and died in Lemberg on March 15, 1889. On the recommendation of Ludwig Philippson, he was elected preacher in Szent…

Hebraist, died in Frankfurt-on-the-Main around 1850, proofreader at the publishing house of Isaac Lehrberger in Rödelheim. He publishes in 1838 the Book of Proverbs accompanied by a Hebrew commentary…

German rabbi, born in Gailingen, Baden, on December 1, 1843, trained at the university of Würzburg from 1862 and then at the yeshiva of Rabbi Israël Hildesheimer in Eisenstadt, Hungary. District…

German writer, born in Breslau on 20 February 1819 and died in Berlin on 6 January 1891, doctorate in philosophy in 1843. His first poems appeared as early as 1836, and his reputation was established…

Hungarian chess master, born in July 1810 in Budapest and died at St Leonard's-on-Sea, England, on 20 July 1876. Employed under the administration of Louis Kossuth, he was driven out of…

Russian histologist, born in 1856, trained at the Academy of Medicine of Saint Petersburg and then at the universities of Kiev and Geneva. Assistant to Schiff in Geneva from 1881 to 1884, he became…

German teacher and writer, born on February 25, 1819 in Schmiegel and died in Posen on February 28, 1855, trained at the universities of Berlin and Breslau in philosophy, mathematics, and natural…

German rabbi, born on January 31, 1803 in Adelsdorf, near Erlangen, Bavaria, and died in Fürth on December 26, 1873, trained at Wolf Hamburger's talmudic seminary in Fürth then in philosophy and…

Scholar and journalist of Russian-Polish origin, born in Grodno in 1832 and died in Warsaw on February 13, 1878, son of the rabbi of Grodno, trained in Talmud then in Russian, German, Polish and…

German physiologist, born in Berlin on June 29, 1862, trained in his native city where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1885. Privatdozent of physiology in 1895 then assistant professor in…

German rabbi and author, born on August 24, 1814 in Hotzenplotz, Austrian Silesia, and died in Beuthen on November 20, 1864, trained in several yeshivot and then with Wolf Löw in Nagy Tapolcsány…

Russian writer, born in Balta in September 1878, trained in a Hasidic family and then at the Odessa School of Commerce and the Riga Polytechnic Institute, where he joined the Zionist movement in…

German dramatist, born in Breslau on 22 April 1846, trained at the industrial school in Berlin then director of a cotton and wool mill before devoting himself entirely to theater. Prolific author…

Polish writer, born in 1809 and died in Warsaw in 1868; after the Polish revolution of 1831, he settled in Brussels, where he published a study on the condition of Jews in Russia and Poland. He also…

German journalist and writer, born on February 18, 1868 in Johannisberg, in Prussia; after being employed in a second-hand bookshop in Venice, he devotes himself to journalism in Berlin, where he…

African explorer, born in London on September 22, 1851 and died at sea on November 20, 1876. After traveling to the United States in 1872 and Egypt in 1873, he organized an expedition to explore the…

Philosopher and anthropologist from Paris, controversial theorist of 'primitive mentality'. Friend of Jean Jaurès (he contributed to the financing of L'Humanité) and connected by marriage to Alfred…

Hungarian journalist, born in Komárno in 1825 and died in Reichenau on August 29, 1885. From 1848 onward, he directed the Esti Lapok and the Magyar Világ in Budapest, defending the cause of…

Czech politician

German-born Jewish silversmith and metalworker regarded as a founder of modern Jewish ceremonial art, active at the Bezalel school in Jerusalem and later head of the Tobe Pascher Workshop at the…

German political figure

Mathematician from a Jewish family (son of Max Berwald, bookseller in East Prussia, and Friedericke Fischel). Professor at the German University of Prague, pioneer of Finsler geometry (the « Berwald…

Born in Berlin in 1863 into an established Jewish family, he became a leading Egyptologist, founder and director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo. He is best known for the discovery of…

German historian

German Jewish theoretical physicist born in Nuremberg in 1884, he was the assistant, collaborator and coauthor of Albert Einstein in Zurich. Professor at RWTH Aachen from 1921, he was driven from his…

German poet, writer and publicist (1868-1900)

German rabbi

Hungarian rabbi

Father of Alfred Mond, emigrated from Germany (Cassel) to England. Chemist and industrialist, he originated the Mond process (nickel extraction) and the Brunner Mond firm, the industrial foundation…

German rabbi

archéologue classique et collectionneur d'art juif tchèque-autrichien (1868-1943) assassiné durant la Shoah

Hungarian philosopher and journalist (1859–1930)

Director of Her Majesty's Theatre in London, born in Canada in 1811 and died in London on March 17, 1875, son of Canadian merchant Louis Levy. Attorney in London from 1832, he took over the direction…

Russian scholar and editor, born on December 9, 1854 in Kovno, Russia, left very young for Jerusalem, where he was still living in 1904. Having become blind, he founded with Doctor Koisewski an…

Italian statesman and economist, born in Venice on March 11, 1841, doctor of law from the University of Padua in 1863. Professor of economics at Padua from 1867, he became in 1869 secretary general…

English journalist and community activist, born in Portsea, England, on December 11, 1828, and died in London on February 14, 1904. After serving as secretary of the Jewish philanthropic institution…

American journalist, born in London on 15 January 1810 and died in New York on 10 March 1858. After a brief commercial career in London, he emigrated to the United States in 1844 and founded in 1849…

English singer and musician, born in Dartford, Kent, on January 30, 1847, and died in London on January 16, 1886. Chorister at Rochester Cathedral from 1856, he became an employee at the Chatham…

Moroccan envoy to England in 1813, in the name of the emperor of Morocco Mulay Slimane (1794-1822), under whose reign the enslavement of Christians was abolished in Morocco. His son, Meïr Cohen…

Hungarian merchant and philanthropist, born in Eisenstadt in 1833 and died in Budapest on 1 January 1895, trained in Budapest and at the Vienna Polytechnic School, he took part in the revolutionary…

Austrian portrait and fashion photographer (1881-1963)

Russian genealogist and historian, descendant of the family of Saul Wahl, born in Wilno in 1829 and died in the same city on October 29, 1903, grandson of Rabbi Phinehas of Polotsk and Wilno,…

German Jewish physician, one of the most influential sexologists of the twentieth century. He opened in 1919 in Berlin the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, the world's first institute of sexology,…

German chemist and physicist, born in Berlin on 2 May 1802, died in that city on 4 April 1870. A graduate of the University of Berlin in 1827, he became a professor there in 1845 after studying in…

Woman of letters and English philanthropist, born in Portsmouth on May 2, 1844, daughter of E. Emanuel and wife of Sir Philip Magnus. Active with the synagogue of Berkeley Street and treasurer of the…

English author and publisher, born in London in 1872, son of Sir Philip Magnus and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. Correspondent in Berlin for the London "Morning Post" in 1897-98, he…

German botanist, born in Berlin on February 29, 1844, doctor from the University of Berlin in 1870. Privatdocent from 1875 and assistant professor of botany from 1880 in his native city, he…

Austrian archaeologist, born in Prague on 1 August 1871. After studying the history of art and archaeology at the universities of Prague and Vienna, he became privatdozent of archaeology at the…

Austrian astronomer, born in Cziffer (Hungary) in 1857. Graduated from the University of Vienna in 1880, he collaborates on the work of T. Oppolzer from 1882 to 1886, then becomes in 1885 assistant…

Hungarian Rabbi (1815-1869)

Rabbi of Meknès, nineteenth century. Mentioned in 5604 of the Hebrew era (1844). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 81-4.

Rabbi of Marrakech, nineteenth century. Mentioned in 5592 of the Hebrew calendar (1832). Son of Yitshak. Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), p. 82-3.

Merchant, industrialist and Bavarian deputy, born in Oberdorf (Württemberg) on September 18, 1840, died in Munich on September 29, 1896. Associated with the A. Maison firm in Munich, he is appointed…

Born in Lviv in 1877, doctor from the University of Lwów (1904). Rector of the rabbinical seminary "Tachkemoni" (1920-1930), co-founder and then professor (from 1928) of the Institute of Jewish…

Hungarian composer, born December 13, 1859 in Kaschau, in Hungary. Trained at the country's music academy as a student of Volkmann and Erkel, he teaches music in several institutions, notably at the…

Hungarian poet, born in Mako on November 17, 1871, died in Budapest on August 6, 1901, son of rabbi A. E. Fischer. Trained at the rabbinical seminary of Budapest, he made known several medieval…

Ottoman rabbi

Rabbi, nineteenth century. Mentioned in 5576 of the Hebrew era (1816). Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 82-4.

Rabbi of Meknes, nineteenth century. Mentioned in 5589 of the Hebrew era (1829). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 82-4.

Rabbi of Meknès, nineteenth century. Mentioned in 5577 of the Hebrew era (1817). Son of Moshe. Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 82-3.

German jurist, born in Santomischel (Posnania) on March 8, 1830, died in Berlin on April 1, 1898. Having become "Grundbuchrichter" at the Berlin tribunal, he publishes in 1857 his first legal work,…

Russian-born Lithuanian Zionist activist, journalist, and politician

Polish rabbi

Rabbi, preacher and Russian Hebraist, born in Volochisk (Volhynia) in 1809, died in Kiev on September 18, 1879. Rabbi in Wreschen (1838-1845) then in Kempen until 1860, he becomes that year chief…

Beni-Israël soldier, born in Bombay around 1830. Enlisted in the 12th Regiment of Indigenous Infantry on 12 April 1851, he became subadar on 1 January 1865 and subadar-major on 15 February 1878. He…

Yiddish poetess and pedagogue, formalist born in Ukraine, active in California.

Rabbi and Turkish rabbinic author, Chief Rabbi of Salonika, where he dies in 1832. He is the author of « Ohel Ya'aḳob », an alphabetical compendium of religious laws (Salonika, 1832), as well as «…

Hungarian jurist and deputy, born in Nyirbator on January 6, 1839. Trained in law in Budapest and Vienna, he was elected in 1875 to the Hungarian Parliament as representative of his native city, a…

Russian poet and author, born in Mlynov (Volhynia) in 1846, died in Vienna on March 24, 1902. Trained in Talmudism then won over by the Haskalah movement, he studies Oriental languages at the…

Hebraist, poet and Russian pedagogue, born in Zhagory (government of Kovno) in 1809, died in Saint Petersburg on September 12, 1889. Graduate in philology from Saint Petersburg University in 1844,…

Russian physician and Zionist, born in Zhagory (government of Kovno) in 1838, son of Ezekiel Mandelstamm, himself younger brother of Benjamin and Leon Mandelstamm. Graduated from the University of…

Hungarian anatomist and pathologist, born in Budapest in December 1812, died in Paris on July 5, 1881, doctor of medicine from Vienna and Budapest (1836). Settled in Paris to study microscopy, he…

Austrian dramatist and journalist, born in Presbourg on May 13, 1840. He joined in Vienna the editorial staff of « Wanderer » in 1862, then that of the « Neue Freie Presse », before becoming in 1877…

French painter

Yiddish poet, cofounder and central figure of the Di Yunge group in New York.

Turkish rabbi, died in Hebron in the summer of 1899. Originally from Baghdad, where he is esteemed for his piety and knowledge of Kabbalah, he goes around 1856 to Jerusalem and then settles in…

American actor, born in New York in 1865, son of Daniel and Caroline Mann. He went on tour from 1880, subsequently engaged by the famous Salvini (1881), Lewis Morrison (1882) and J. K. Emmett (1888),…

Poet and Hebraist Russian painter, born in Rodzkowitz (governorate of Wilna) in 1859, died in the same city in 1886. Trained in Talmud and then in painting in Wilna, he entered in 1880 the Imperial…

Hungarian painter, born in Budapest on February 27, 1854. Trained at the drawing schools of Budapest, Munich, Vienna and Rome, he is particularly known for his paintings "On Flowery Mead",…

Writer and poetess, born in Prague on September 3, 1845. She emigrated with her parents to New York in 1866, where she married Professor Sigmund Mannheimer, and published poems and articles in German…

American pedagogue, born in Kemel (Hesse-Nassau) on May 16, 1835. Trained at the Ems teacher seminary, he taught in Jewish schools in Germany before studying at the University of Paris from 1861,…

German Jewish philosopher (1826–1890)

Hebrew novelist and Russian writer, born near Kovno on January 10, 1808, died in Königsberg on October 9, 1867; he introduced the novel into Hebrew literature. Trained at heder and then Talmud,…

Born Marcel Bloch in Paris to Jewish parents, he founded before the war the Société des Avions Marcel Bloch. Arrested by Vichy then deported to Buchenwald as a political hostage, he refused to direct…

Younger brother of Frigyes Riesz, also from the Jewish Riesz family of Győr. A renowned mathematician for his work on summation methods, potential theory, number theory, and Clifford algebras. He…

Writer, essayist and playwright of French symbolism, born in Chaville in 1867. Scholar (studies on slang and the jargon of the Coquillards), translator of Stevenson and Defoe. Died prematurely in…

Polish historian, medievalist and historian of methodology, professor at the University of Warsaw; of Jewish descent, he hid from the Germans because of his Jewish origins and was murdered at the…

Hungarian physician (1891-1945)

Born in Strasbourg in an Alsatian Jewish family, she studied in Berlin then in Paris in the studios of Fernand Léger and Amédée Ozenfant. Influenced by Mondrian, Van Doesburg, Léger and Malevitch,…

Italian Jewish insurance executive and philanthropist, born in Trieste to a Jewish merchant family; longtime president of Assicurazioni Generali, pioneer of life insurance studies in Italy, Dante…

Sent in 1866 to reconstitute the Jewish community of Bologna, dissolved since 1593. Under his direction the reestablished community built a synagogue and cemetery. He left an "Autobiography of an…

Italian rabbi

Italian rabbi trained at the Collegio Foa in Verceil, son of Rabbi Felice Tedeschi. Rabbi in Nizza Monferrato, Saluzzo, Asti and then Chief Rabbi of Trieste (appointed by Cavour in 1858). A renowned…

Jewish historian and scholar

Swedish rabbi

American banker (1821-1904)

American rabbi

German rabbi

Danish rabbi

Born in Whitechapel into a family of Baghdadi Jews; he took over with his brother Samuel Samuel their father's import-export business (M. Samuel & Co.). Having entered the oil trade in 1892, he…

German jurist, born on October 15, 1809 in Rhena (Mecklenburg), died on October 7, 1881 in Manchester. Nicknamed the « Gabriel Riesser of Mecklenburg » for his commitment to his coreligionists, he is…

German astronomer, born November 17, 1860 in Magdeburg, trained in Strasbourg and Berlin (doctorate 1884). He participated in 1882, as an assistant, in the German expedition to South Carolina to…

Hungarian historian, born in Marczali on April 3, 1856, educated in Raab, Papa, Budapest, Berlin, and Paris. Professor at the gymnasium of his native city from 1878, he became a member of the…

Moroccan rabbi and explorer

Figure of Tunisia's modernist Jewish intelligentsia; he founded the newspaper « La Justice » and led, from 1905 onward, the campaign to extend to Tunisian Jews the rights granted to Algerian Jews.…

Greek officer

Austrian impresario, born June 28, 1821 in Brünn (Moravia), died May 14, 1897 in Pleasant Plains (New York). Pupil of Seyfried in Vienna, he settled in 1848 in New York, where he directed the…

Psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, theorist of separation-individuation in childhood.

Mathematician, among the first women to earn a doctorate in Germany; victim of the Shoah.

Born in Venice into a wealthy Jewish family named Grassini (her father Amedeo, a lawyer and municipal councillor, developed the Lido). Art critic, journalist and writer, she ran an influential salon…

Born in Venice in a Jewish family (daughter of Amedeo Grassini and Emma Levi); she married Cesare Sarfatti, Jewish lawyer from Padua, whose name she took. Art critic (Avanti!, then animator of the…

Converted to Christianity, born in Suwałki (Poland) on 3 December 1820, died in London on 25 February 1881. Baptized in Liverpool in April 1838, he entered Trinity College Dublin in 1840, became…

Russian-Polish rabbi and author, born in Kalvariya (governorate of Suwałki) in 1842, died in New York on August 1, 1887, son of the rabbi of Wizhajny and descendant of Yom-Ṭob Lipmann Heller of…

American philologist, born in Meretz (government of Vilna, Russia) on October 15, 1866, son of Isaac Margolis, doctor of Columbia University in New York (1891). After a position as instructor and…

(1892-1973)

Austrian artist

German entrepreneur (1862–1943)

Ukrainian-American anarchist

School physician in Hamburg; deported and murdered at Auschwitz.

Austrian painter

Czech-Jewish humanitarian activist and social worker

Physicist, pioneer of nuclear photographic emulsions for detecting particles.

Born in Venice on 31 May 1878, died in Bologna on 28 August 1946. Renowned neurophysiologist, he worked with Charles Scott Sherrington in Liverpool and obtained the chair of physiology at the…

Italian composer

Florentine portrait photographer from a Livorno Jewish family, he documented Italian high society in the early 20th century; his portraits are held in Italian public collections (Gabinetto…

Prolific Victorian and Edwardian art critic, editor-in-chief of the Magazine of Art (1887–1904) and of The Connoisseur. He published a history of Punch magazine, the first biography of John Everett…

American naval officer, born 24 April 1848 in Saxony. Entered the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1864, he graduated in 1868, promoted to ensign in 1869 then lieutenant in 1872, and served on various…

Yiddish and Polish playwright and director (alias Andrzej Marek).

American writer, born in New York on October 9, 1846, son of Elias Markens, linguist and orientalist. After being a merchant and then private secretary to railroad commissioner Albert Fink, he turns…

English artist, born in 1827 in Cardiff, where he trained and worked as a portraitist until his move to London in 1867; Royal Cambrian academician. He executes commissions for personalities such as…

English journalist and politician, born on April 5, 1855 in London, fifth son of Reverend Professor D. W. Marks. After studies in London and Brussels, he tried his luck in the United States before…

American merchant, born in Schenectady (New York) on March 18, 1858. He founded a company in Passaic (New Jersey) in 1877 before joining his father's wholesale clothing house, David Marks & Sons, and…

South African pioneer, born in Sheffield around 1850. Left for the Cape colony around 1868, he made his fortune in the diamond trade with his brothers, then left the diamond mines in 1884 for the…

Polish politician

chief rabbi of Prague and Hamburg

Hungarian rabbi and historian

Belgian grand rabbi

German Orientalist, born in Dessau on 31 October 1798, died in Paris on 15 July 1843. After studying medicine in Berlin (1818-21), which he abandoned for philosophy and astronomy, he devoted himself…

Austrian physician, born in Mielnica (Galicia) on February 19, 1865, doctorate from the University of Vienna (1887), then student and assistant at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. He published in 1894…

Austrian architect, brother of Alexandre Marmorek, born in Skirta (Galicia) on April 9, 1863. Trained at the Vienna Polytechnic School and then in Paris, he established himself as an architect in…

American lawyer and community leader, born in Syracuse (New York) on December 14, 1856. Admitted to the Syracuse bar in 1878, he settled in New York in 1894 and distinguished himself in the…

Born Marta Löffler in Munich in 1891, daughter of Jewish textile merchant Leopold Löffler and Johanna née Reitlinger. Wife and collaborator of writer Lion Feuchtwanger, pillar of the circle of German…

German rabbi

German rabbi