XIXth century CE

Dutch Talmudist, born in Leiden in 1811 and died in Amsterdam on September 15, 1883. Established in this city in 1874, he was appointed rabbi of the bet ha-midrash and published several Talmudic…

German philologist, born in Telgte, Westphalia, on December 25, 1831, trained at the Jewish school of his native city then at the seminary of Münster and at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin,…

German jurist, born in Dresden on 2 February 1829 and died in that city on 25 February 1898, trained in Dresden then, from 1848, in law in Leipzig until 1851. Alongside Bernhard Beer, Zacharias…

French lawyer, born in Augsburg, Bavaria, on February 24, 1836, and died in Paris on December 27, 1892. Private secretary to the minister of Turkey in Naples from 1856 until the fall of the kingdom…

German philologist, born in Königsberg, in East Prussia, on January 2, 1802, and died in that city on June 9, 1878. Trained at the gymnasium and university of Königsberg, where he obtained his…

Lyric Yiddish poet.

Croatian rabbi

Austrian psychiatrist, born in Vienna on June 27, 1818 and died in that city on October 9, 1889, trained at the university of his native city, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1845.…

One of California's first settlers, born around 1802 and died in San Francisco on 18 May 1848. Having left home around the age of fifteen, he presented himself as originally from Jamaica and arrived…

American educator, born in Manchester, England, on December 29, 1853, emigrated to New York in 1865, trained at the College of the City of New York (Master's degree, 1873) and then at Columbia…

Professor of Arabic, born in Budapest in 1841 and died in Bonn on March 22, 1899, trained in Constantinople and at King's College, London. Interpreter of the British expeditionary corps during the…

Serbian librarian (1898–1972)

Trained at the Rabbinical Institute of Padua (ordained in 1832), he was Chief Rabbi of Turin from 1833 until his death in 1857. He guided the Jews of Turin in demanding their civil rights and, after…

Italian author (1805-1871)

American chemist, born in San Francisco on February 18, 1863, trained at San Francisco College of Pharmacy, University of California, Johns Hopkins University, as well as in Zurich, Liège, Munich and…

German-born rabbi, scholar and theologian (1873–1956)

Austrian Jewish entrepreneur and art collector murdered in the Holocaust (1868-1940)

American factory superintendent

American rabbi

Austrian-American psychiatrist born Chaskel Leib Kanner to a Jewish family, founder of child psychiatry who first described infantile autism in 1943.

German Jewish merchant, a doctor of chemistry, and a soldier

American rabbi

German architect

Bookseller, bibliophile and publisher born Leo Samuele Olschki, from a family of typographers of Jewish descent originating in Prussia; founder in 1886 of the scholarly publishing house Leo S.…

American teacher

Born in 1899 in Kirchhain (Hesse) in a Jewish family, Leo Strauss is one of the major political philosophers of the twentieth century. Forced into exile by Nazism, he taught at the New School (New…

Hungarian-American physicist

composer

Synagogue musician, born in London in 1809 and died in that city on September 11, 1876, second son of the Reverend Simon Leo. A talented composer, he was the first, in 1838, to arrange Hebrew chants…

French rabbi

militant et homme politique juif (1869–1941)

French philosopher specializing in epistemology and the history of philosophy. Professor at the Sorbonne for thirty years, he succeeded Lucien Lévy-Bruhl in the chair of the history of modern…

Polish-Jewish lawyer and Bund activist (1885-1945) who, under the underground name 'Mikołaj', represented the Jewish underground on the Council to Aid Jews (Żegota) in occupied Warsaw, serving as its…

French writer and playwright born in Marseille, son of Jacob (Salomon) Gozlan, a Sephardic Jew born in Algiers and one of the founders of the first organized Jewish community in Marseille (1783).…

Yiddish playwright heir to Gordin, author of ghetto dramas on immigration.

French magistrate and resistor

Physician from Odessa, author of the manifesto Auto-Emancipation calling for a Jewish national home. He led the Lovers of Zion movement (Hibbat Tsion).

Sephardic Jewish writer born in Salonica, from a family of grain merchants established in the city for five generations. Author of the memoir "Farewell to Salonica: City at the Crossroads" (1946),…

American physician and surgeon, born in South Carolina in 1813 and died at Santa Fe, New Mexico, on September 3, 1872, brother of Edwin de Leon, graduate of the University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He…

American diplomat and journalist, born in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1818 and died in 1891, brother of David Camden de Leon. A graduate of South Carolina College, he turned to journalism before…

Lecturer, journalist, writer and American playwright, brother of Edwin de Leon, born in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1839. He served in the Confederate army from 1861 to 1865, then, after the war,…

British political figure

Italian Jewish economist and politician, born in Padua; founded Italy's first rural credit cooperative bank in 1883 and was appointed senator of the Kingdom of Italy in 1914.

German judge and politician (1834-1876)

Anglo-German educator and activist

German anatomist and neuropathologist (1828-1897)

German classical philologist and librarian (1856-1915)

Born in Posen in 1832, of a Jewish father (Lutheran mother), he studied medicine in Berlin and then devoted himself to music; solo violin under Liszt in Weimar. Settled in New York in 1871, where he…

Hungarian rabbi

German journalist and Esperantist

American rabbi

Born in Birmingham, British journalist and one of the first Zionists of England. Close to Theodor Herzl (who described him as « the most skillful of all my collaborators »), he was entrusted with…

Born in Liegnitz in a wealthy Jewish family; one of the greatest German algebraists of his time, professor at the University of Berlin, co-editor of Crelle's journal. Works on elliptic functions,…

Czech rabbi

German historian

German rabbi

German rabbi

Born in 1831 in Höchberg (Bavaria) into a Jewish family of cloth merchants, which he transformed into a banking house. He founded and directed the Frankfurter Zeitung in Frankfurt (established under…

German rabbi and writer (1810-1882)

German rabbi

Founder of the Wissenschaft des Judentums (science of Judaism) in Germany. His works on liturgy and homiletics laid the foundations of the historical study of Judaism.

French photographer

Italian writer

Grammarian and Hebrew teacher Russian, born in Dubno in 1815 and died in Jitomir in 1889. He entered in 1835 the model school of Bezaleel Stern in Odessa, where Simḥa Pinsker was his master of Hebrew…

Russian journalist born on January 1, 1849 in Berditchev, trained at the Jitomir gymnasium. Left to study law in Odessa in 1866, he turned to journalism, served ten years at the "Odesski Vestnik"—war…

German rabbi, born in Galicia in 1857, trained in Berlin under Hildesheimer. Rabbi in Winzenheim, Alsace, from 1884 to 1890, then preacher of the Federation of Synagogues in London, he has been chief…

French historian, born in Lisieux in 1842. In 1867, he went to study in Russia the organization of Slavic peoples, from which he drew "The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians" (Paris, 1882-89), he…

Born into a Sephardic Jewish family of Moroccan origin. Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1932–1934), Minister of Transport (1934–1937) — he introduced the « Belisha beacons » (orange flashing…

German physician and specialist in forensic medicine, born in Stargard, Prussian Pomerania, on 22 May 1851, graduate of the University of Berlin in 1875. Assistant at the institute of pharmacology of…

Polish painter, born in Warsaw in 1814 and died in that city in 1884, trained at the Warsaw lycée, at the Academy of Dresden from 1833 and in Munich, under Cornelius and Schnorr, in 1842. Devoted…

German physician, born in Neisse on May 12, 1852, trained at the universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Strasbourg, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1876. Assistant at the dermatological…

German soldier, born in Neustadt around 1850, serving in the dragoons of the Second Brandenburg during the Franco-Prussian War. On November 18, 1870, during a patrol between Sens and Villeneuve,…

Poet, editor and publicist German, born in Rathenow, in Prussian Brandenburg, on December 7, 1802, and died in Berlin on December 2, 1867. Having gone to Berlin at a very young age, he became a…

Russian Jewish writer

Russian writer, born in Minsk in 1835 and died in Saint-Petersburg in 1888, graduate of the rabbinical school of Wilna in 1854, then appointed teacher in the governmental school of his native city…

French physician, born in 1831, admitted in 1851 to the Agronomic Institute of Versailles before turning to medicine (doctorate, 1860). Physician of the Northern Railway Company from 1863, ambulance…

Russian jurist, born in Kamenetz, in Podolia, in 1837, and died in Saint Petersburg on January 16, 1894. Settled in Saint Petersburg in 1863 to devote himself to law, he obtained his university…

American lawyer and judge, born in Winnsboro, South Carolina, on January 31, 1845, graduated from the Free Academy of New York in 1864 and, in 1871, from the University of the City of New York. He…

Swedish poet and critic, born in Gryt, in Ostrogothia, on July 17, 1862, trained at the university of Upsal (doctorate, 1882), where he became lecturer in 1889, before being appointed professor of…

English writer, born in Portsea in 1819 and died in Birmingham in 1873, daughter of Joseph and Amelia Moss. At eighteen, with her sister Marion, she published a collection of poems, « Early Efforts »…

German rabbi

rabbin allemand

Russian rabbi of the first half of the nineteenth century. After being rabbi at Selichow and then at Pinsk, he was called to the rabbinate of Berditchev, where he wrote the "Ḳedushshat Lewi"…

American rabbi

Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic rabbi

Polish rabbi

Hasidic master famed for his compassion and love of Israel, nicknamed "the advocate of the Jewish people" before God. Author of the Kedushat Levi.

Italian jurist born in Padua on June 12, 1856, where he studied. Appointed assistant professor of international law in 1885 then titular in 1890 at the University of Padua, he is a corresponding…

German rabbi, born in Worms on October 14, 1806 and died in Giessen on April 4, 1899, son of Samuel Wolf Levi, member of the Sanhedrin of Paris and rabbi of Mainz from 1807 until his death in 1813.…

Italian physiologist, born in Genoa on March 26, 1866, trained at the University of Modena, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1889. Repetitor then assistant professor of experimental…

Poet and Italian patriot, born in Chieri in 1816 and died in Venice on October 18, 1898. Student of law in Parma from 1835 and then in Pisa, lawyer in Paris from 1839, member of the irredentist…

Italian author, born November 21, 1861 in Padua, trained in that city and then in Florence and Hanover. Appointed in 1885 professor at the Royal Superior School for Young Women in Florence, she…

American lawyer and community activist, born September 15, 1856 in Victoria, Texas, and died in New York on January 13, 1904. Returning to Texas in 1871, he entered the University of Virginia in 1872…

English political economist, born in Ancona, Italy, in 1821, and died in London on May 7, 1888. Having left for England, converted to Christianity, he was admitted to the English bar in 1859; he…

Italian philologist, born in Trieste on June 22, 1869, trained at the gymnasium of Trieste and at the universities of Pisa, Rome, where he obtained his doctorate in 1891, and Berlin. Professor of…

American pedagogue, born on 23 November 1857 in Sachsenhausen, in the Waldeck, graduated from the University of Michigan in 1887 and then trained at the Sorbonne, in Paris. Appointed in 1902…

Italian physician born in Trieste on August 9, 1840 and died in Florence on March 10, 1886. Diploma from the University of Padua in 1862, he practiced at the general hospital in Venice and then…

Australian merchant and politician born in Liverpool on January 20, 1830. Having gone to the gold mines of Victoria in 1853, settled in Melbourne in 1858, he is elected in 1860 to the Legislative…

Russian Hebraist and author of the 19th century, born in Hrubieszów, in the government of Warsaw. He publishes a double commentary on Job preceded by two poems (Lemberg, 1833), the epic poem "Dibre…

American Orientalist born in Szagarren on February 13, 1860, trained in Russia then at Columbia College in New York and at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, where he is fellow in Oriental…

German politician

Russian teacher and community activist born in Minsk on December 15, 1820, trained at the school of nobility in Molodetchno (1836-41) then professor in Wilna and Minsk before teaching at the…

Danish grammarian and linguist born in Randers in 1810, died in Copenhagen in 1883. Graduate of the Randers gymnasium, he worked as editor of a critical journal and translator of novels, and…

Galician Hebraist born in Brody in 1844. In 1865, he became co-editor, with Werber, of the Hebrew journal « 'Ibri Anoki », where he published a series of articles on the condition of Jews in Russia…

Lithuanian Talmudist and author born in Vilna on July 22, 1818, died in Paris on November 15, 1883. Trained under Elie Kalischer, he settles in Volozhin where he teaches Talmud, becomes rabbi of…

Hebrew poet born in Minsk, Russia, in 1845, trained in Talmud from childhood before turning to the study of the Zohar and mystical literature. Settling in Kiev in 1868 as a tutor then treasurer for…

American politician and publicist born in Charleston, South Carolina, on 10 November 1808, died in Philadelphia on 14 March 1860. Itinerant lawyer in several states before settling in Philadelphia in…

German rabbi born in 1843 in Wongrowitz, in the province of Posen. Trained at the University of Berlin, he officiated briefly in Zurich and then, from 1872 onwards, in Nuremberg, before becoming,…

Danish author born in Copenhagen June 17, 1869, doctor from Copenhagen University in 1898. Recognized literary critic, he wrote two plays, « Antoinette » and « Sejr » (Copenhagen, 1895 and 1899), and…

Danish operatic soprano born in Copenhagen on January 8, 1839, died in the same city on March 22, 1899. She made her debut at the Royal Theatre of Copenhagen on December 20, 1860 in the role of…

Russian geologist born in 1861, graduate of the physico-mathematical faculty of Saint Petersburg University in 1883, responsible for the geological collection in 1886, then privatdozent in 1889 and…

German industrialist and writer born in Berlin in May 1842. After studies at the Köllnisches Gymnasium in Berlin, he founded in England, with his brothers, an aniline dye factory in Manchester,…

Russian-American rabbi born in Kovno, Russia, on May 12, 1864, trained at the rabbinical schools of Kovno, Wilna and Byelostok, and received in 1888 his rabbinical diplomas from Isaac Elchanan…

Danish pedagogue and author born in Copenhagen on April 22, 1803, died in the same city on March 23, 1891, graduate of Copenhagen University in 1823. Appointed tutor at the Jewish school of…

Danish physician born in Copenhagen on November 9, 1843, doctor of medicine from Copenhagen University in 1868. After serving as assistant physician in several Copenhagen hospitals, he was appointed…

Russian painter born near Eydtkuhnen on August 18, 1860, died in Moscow on July 22, 1900. Entered the Moscow School of Art around 1875, he exhibited « The Plowed Field » in 1880 and experienced his…

French sculptor born in Paris on May 4, 1864, student of Étienne Leroux, he exhibited for the first time in 1886 a portrait medallion. He subsequently produced a long series of works, including…

English novelist and poetess born in London on November 10, 1861, died in the same city on September 10, 1899. After studying in Brighton and two years at Girton College, Cambridge, she published the…

Engineer, geologist, and French mineralogist born in Paris on August 17, 1844, son of Michel Lévy. Entered the École polytechnique in 1862, he became a mining engineer in 1867 and then chief engineer…

German physician born in Lauterbourg, Alsace, on March 5, 1864, trained at the universities of Strasbourg, Heidelberg and Paris, doctorate in medicine in 1887. Settled in Strasbourg, where he became…

French engraver born in Toul on June 21, 1819, died in Paris in 1894, pupil of Geille. He exhibits for the first time at the Salon of 1844 and engraves notably portraits after Véronèse, Raphael, the…

French painter born in Nancy on September 23, 1840, pupil of the École des beaux-arts and of Picot, Cabanel and Fromentin. He exhibits for the first time at the Salon of 1865, then « Joash Saved from…

French rabbi born on January 20, 1835 in Marmoutier, Alsace, trained at the rabbinical school of Metz. Rabbi in Verdun from February 1858, then in Lunéville in 1865 and grand rabbi of Upper Alsace in…

American merchant, son of Michael Levy and Rachel Phillips, born in Philadelphia in 1807, died in New York in 1883. The Peruvian government granted him honorary citizenship for services rendered to…

English economist born in 1838, trained at the City of London School and City of London College. Entering British civil service, he joins the Board of Education in 1862, where he becomes examiner of…

American rabbi born in London on November 24, 1865, trained at Jews' College and University College London, then at the universities of Bristol and Pennsylvania. Rabbi of the Hebrew congregation of…

Tunisian rabbinical author, originating from Gibraltar, son of Nathan Levy, died in Tunis in the mid-19th century. He publishes under his name the four-part work « Maḥane Lewiyyah », devoted notably…

Poet and cantor of the synagogue in Berlin, died on January 25, 1853. He is the author of « Teḳufat ha-Shanah » (Berlin, 1842), poems on the four seasons in imitation of Thomson's « Seasons », whose…

American photochemist born in Stenowitz, in Bohemia, on October 12, 1846, emigrated early to the United States and trained in Detroit and at the University of Michigan. He invented in 1875 the…

German architect born March 14, 1852 in Landau. Returning from Italy, where he completed his studies, he is entrusted with the construction of the new synagogue of Kaiserslautern, then designs the…

French engineer, member of the Institute, born in Ribeauvillé, in Alsace, on February 28, 1838. Graduate of the École polytechnique and the École des ponts et chaussées, engineer in 1863, he…

American inventor born in Detroit in 1857. After an apprenticeship with an architect, he became chief draftsman in the photogravure workshop of his brother Louis E. Levy in Baltimore, then…

French publisher born in Pfalzbourg on December 20, 1821, died in Paris on May 6, 1875. Established in Paris in 1836, he founded with his brothers Calman and Nathan one of the most important French…

German Orientalist born in Altona on March 11, 1817, died in Breslau on February 22, 1872. Trained for the rabbinate, he taught for nearly thirty years at the Synagogen-Gemeinde in Breslau and…

Danish physician born in Copenhagen on September 8, 1808, died in that city on December 30, 1865. Winner of the gold medal of the university of Copenhagen in 1830, doctor of medicine in 1833, he then…

French rabbi born in 1829 in Lauterbourg, Alsace, died in Bordeaux on November 29, 1886. Trained under Salomon Ulmann then at the rabbinical seminary of Metz, which he left in 1853 for the rabbinate…

Danish musician and critic born in Copenhagen on October 14, 1858, trained at the University of Copenhagen and at the Polytechnic Institute until 1878, the year he devoted himself to music. Director…

Polish publisher born in Włocławek, in Russian Poland, in 1839, died in Wiesbaden on September 24, 1902. Son of modest Jewish parents, he acquired in 1862 the printing house of the Varsovian John…

American physician born in Radnitz, Bohemia, on August 17, 1820, died in Albany, New York, on December 19, 1897, trained at the universities of Prague and Vienna, doctor of medicine in 1846. He first…

German dermatologist born in Sondershausen on April 25, 1820, died in Berlin on November 1, 1896, trained at the universities of Halle and Berlin, doctorate in medicine in 1845. Settled in Berlin as…

Russian teacher and writer born in 1833 in Vyeshiuti, in the governorate of Kovno, trained in the Talmud at Zhagory under his uncle Simon Hurvitz. Graduate of the Mitau gymnasium in 1865, he remained…

Australian politician

American merchant and philanthropist of Bavarian origin, co-founder of the Alaska Commercial Company. Born Löb Gerstle in 1824 at Ichenhausen, Bavaria, where his family had been established since at…

English merchant and philanthropist born in London in 1823, died in Liverpool on December 4, 1885. Established in Liverpool in 1840, he opened his own clothing business for boys in 1856, which he…

English author and community activist born in London in 1861, trained at King's College School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he obtained his degree in 1884 and was among the first…

English dramatist born in London in 1828, died in the same city on February 23, 1890. Lawyer from 1850 to 1875, he translates in 1871 « The Polish Jew » by Erckmann-Chatrian under the title « The…

Pawnbroker and English philanthropist born in Birmingham in 1837, died in London on January 13, 1901. After being a steel pen seller and then a jeweler, he ventured into moneylending, an activity to…

American politician and philanthropist born in New York in 1831. Retired from business in 1862, he was elected in 1868 to the Board of Education of New York, then elected alderman in 1874 and served…

English lawyer born in London on April 21, 1833, trained at University College London. Placed in 1850 with his father James Graham Lewis (1804-1869), founder of the Lewis & Lewis firm, he was…

American merchant and philanthropist born in Hamburg on October 10, 1847, died in London on March 5, 1902. Sent to the United States in 1863 by his father, Hamburg merchant Samuel Lewisohn, he…

Polish pianist born in Płock, Poland, in 1855, died in Paris in February 1889. Graduated with distinction from the Vienna Conservatory, he joined the Pasdeloup concert orchestra in Paris, obtained in…

Danish chemist born in Copenhagen on July 5, 1817, died in the same city on January 1, 1863. Graduated in pharmacy in 1835, he subsequently studied chemistry at the polytechnic school and then in…

Hebraist and rabbi of Peiskretscham, Upper Silesia, born December 6, 1805, died February 14, 1860. He leaves numerous manuscripts — sermons, Talmudic novellæ, Hebrew grammar — and publishes notably…

Yiddish poet of the Kiev group; shot during the Night of the Murdered Poets.

Russian physician died in Saint Petersburg in 1824, probably son of Jacob Liboschütz. Medical graduate from Dorpat in 1806, he settled in Saint Petersburg as a court physician, founded a hospital for…

Hungarian otolaryngologist born in 1848 in Szeged, trained in Budapest and Vienna, doctor of medicine in 1873. Returning to Budapest, he became there docent in diseases of the ear in 1883, the year…

Violinist born in San Francisco on November 22, 1861, student of Beaujardin then of Wieniawski, whom he accompanied on tour in the United States before joining him in Brussels after a period of study…

Polish mathematician and author born in Lublin in 1811, died in Warsaw on March 22, 1887, descendant of Moses Isserles. A trained Talmudist, versed in Latin, German, French, and Polish, he devoted…

Bohemian talmudist who lived in Prague in the first half of the nineteenth century. He is the author of "Shesh ha-Ma'arakah", a commentary on the six orders of the Mishna published in five separate…

German physician born on December 7, 1845 in Breslau, where he completed his secondary studies before studying medicine in Berlin, Zurich and Breslau, where he obtained his degree in 1868. Assistant…

Polish rabbi and author who lived at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, grandson of R. Kalman of Byelostok, rabbi and preacher in Prassnysz, in the government of Plotzk. He is the author of «…

Austrian chemist born in Vienna on December 3, 1836, trained at the universities of Vienna, Heidelberg (doctorate in 1856) and Paris. Privat-docent at the University of Vienna in 1861, he then taught…

Talmudist of the first half of the 19th century, probably originally from Austria, agent of the supporters of the Reformed Temple of Hamburg, in defense of which he published « Nogah ha-Ẓedeḳ » then…

Russian writer born in Vilna around 1840, prosecuted for his participation in revolutionary movements, refugees in the United States, where he took his own life in Syracuse, New York, on November 8,…

German industrialist born in Märkisch Friedland on February 4, 1812, died in Berlin on January 15, 1901. Settled in Berlin with his family from 1825, he completed his studies and then worked in…

Russian writer born in Pilvischok, in the governorate of Suwałki, on 12 April 1820, died in Byelostok on 15 April 1895, son of a shoḥet. Trained in Talmud by his uncle Rabbi Élie Schick, he joined…

German historian born July 20, 1851 in Berlin. Initially destined for commerce, he works in a Berlin bank from 1869 then in England, in Manchester, in 1871, before returning to Germany to devote…

German painter born in Berlin on July 29, 1849. After a year of law at the University of Berlin, he turned to painting in Weimar in 1869, stayed in Paris in 1872 and then in Holland in 1876-77,…

German pianist born in Pless, Silesia, on April 12, 1851, educated at the Neue Akademie der Tonkunst in Berlin under Ehrlich and Kullak, then under Dachs in Vienna and Liszt in Weimar. Having gone to…

German folklorist born in Namslau, Silesia, on March 13, 1812, died in Saint-Hubert on August 3, 1890. Trained in philology at the universities of Breslau, Munich and Berlin, he became in 1849…

German physician and pharmacologist born in Königsberg, in East Prussia, on February 14, 1839, younger brother of Richard Liebreich. Trained in chemistry and medicine at Tübingen, Königsberg, and…

English ophthalmologist born in Königsberg, in East Prussia, on June 30, 1830, brother of Oskar Liebreich, trained at the universities of Königsberg, Berlin and Halle, doctor of medicine in 1853.…

German classical archaeologist and teacher

Sixth of ten children of Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling, and sister of Edwin Montagu. Founder of the Liberal Judaism movement in Great Britain and of the World Union for Progressive Judaism.…

Austrian artist born in Drohobycz, Galicia, in 1874. Apprentice to a sign manufacturer, then student of the academies of fine arts in Kraków and Munich, he settled in Berlin and illustrated books and…

Russian scholar born in Keidany, in the government of Kovno, on October 22, 1843. Married at fifteen, he founded a yeshiva in Wilna in 1865, then published in 1868 in « Ha-Meliẓ » the article « Orḥot…

German mechanical engineer and aviation pioneer born May 23, 1848 in Anklam, died August 9, 1896 in Rhinow. Convinced that artificial flight must follow the principles of bird flight, he achieves in…

Physician; known for her letters written in captivity, murdered at Auschwitz.

English merchant who died in London in 1818, engaged in trade with the Western Indies, who negotiated after the Treaty of Amiens the supply of merchandise worth 260,000 pounds to General Leclerc's…

Dutch writer born in London on September 18, 1819, died in The Hague on March 9, 1879. He went to Holland in 1838 as a teacher of English in Arnhem and then at the Military School of Breda, studied…

Russian-Yiddish humorist born in Vinnitsa on September 8, 1839, son of the Hasidic rabbi Joseph Linetzki. A runaway then student of the rabbinical school of Zhitomir (1862-63), he published his first…

German writer (1884-1958)

German rabbi

Dutch journalist born March 23, 1806 in Elberfeld, died October 19, 1869. He entered the Prussian army in 1824 and the Dutch army in 1830, departed for the Indies in 1834 and retired from service in…

Dutch journalist born in Amersfoort on December 17, 1821, died in The Hague on August 27, 1873. Settled in Amsterdam, he became editor of the "Handelsblad" in 1840, devoted himself to stenography in…

Son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, founder of the British branch. Elected to the House of Commons for the City of London from 1847, he became on 26 July 1858 the first observant Jew to sit in the…

British banker and zoologist (1868-1937)

Yiddish poet and dramatist, cofounder of the Kiev group.

Austrian poet born in Jarosław, Galicia, on October 24, 1856, trained at the gymnasia of Tarnów and Vienna then at the universities of Leipzig and Strasbourg. Appointed in 1881 librarian of the…

American actress born in Chicago. She made her debut as an ingénue alongside Modjeska in 1888, created the leading role of « Incog » in 1891 then that of Julie Bon Bon in « The Girl from Paris » in…

Dutch jurist born in London on April 27, 1802, died in Hilversum on July 7, 1871. Trained in Glückstadt, Hamburg and Amsterdam, he studied law at Leiden (1819-22) and established himself as a lawyer…

Hungarian rabbi

Austrian editor and bibliographer born on December 22, 1823 in Stanislawów, Galicia, died on August 26, 1900 in Vienna. Cantor and religious instructor at Eperies, Hungary, he later settles in…

French engineer born in Verdun on February 22, 1833, trained at the lycée of Metz then at the École centrale des arts et manufactures of Paris, graduated engineer in 1856. He participates in the…

Austrian chemist born in Prague on 23 September 1842, trained at the gymnasium of Vienna then at the universities of Leipzig and Heidelberg (doctorate in 1864), with a postdoctoral stage in Paris.…

French physicist born in Hollerich, Luxembourg, in 1845, trained at the École normale then in Germany, doctor of sciences in Paris in 1875. He invents the capillary electrometer and discovers in 1891…

German rabbi born in Memmelsdorf, Bavaria, died in Kissingen on 26 May 1864. Trained in Talmud at Burgpreppach then at the yeshiva of Fürth and under the chief rabbi Hillel Sondheimer in…

French engineer born in Ville-d'Avray on 27 September 1847, bachelor of law in 1869. He serves in the artillery during the Siege of Paris in 1870, is appointed in 1874 director of the national arms…

German mathematician born on May 14, 1832 in Königsberg, East Prussia, died in Bonn on October 8, 1903. Doctor in 1853, he became privat-docent at the University of Bonn in 1857, professor of…