XIXth century CE

Physician and French municipal counselor, member of the Academy of Nîmes and son of David Carcassonne; died in Marseille in 1894. He is the author notably of Questions on Various Branches of Medical…

Consul of Tunis and Algeria in Gibraltar around 1805, descendant of a Judeo-Portuguese family. Delegate of General Fox, governor of Gibraltar, he concluded on November 5, 1805 a treaty with Sidi…

Dutch Talmudist and important community leader, born in Amsterdam in 1808 and died in that city in 1890. Trained from an early age at the bet ha-midrash 'Eẓ Ḥayyim and with Rabbi Berenstein in The…

Austrian actor

American producer (1867-1939)

Born in Livorno in 1877 in a Jewish family, he was a lecturer in Sanskrit and later taught paleography at the University of Bologna. He devoted himself especially to the study of Hebrew texts,…

Italian philosopher and poet from a Jewish family in Gorizia (Ashkenazi descent). He took his own life at age 23 shortly after completing his dissertation La persuasione e la rettorica, a radical…

Italian Jewish intellectual and politician, founder of the antifascist movement 'Giustizia e Libertà', assassinated in France in 1937 with his brother Nello Rosselli by agents of the Cagoule on…

Rabbi and German historian, born in 1844 near Posen, son of the exegete and preacher Joseph Ḥayyim Caro, rabbi of Wloclawek. After studies in Bromberg, at the Jewish theological seminary and at the…

Lecturer in history at the University of Zurich, born in 1867 in Glogau, Prussia. After studies at several German universities crowned by a doctorate in Strasbourg in 1891, and a stay in Italy,…

German historian, born in Gnesen, in the province of Posen, in 1836, son of Joseph Ḥayyim Caro. After studies in Berlin and Leipsic, he gained attention for his work Das Interregnum Polens im Jahr…

Italian political economist, born in 1820 in Bologna. First deputy elected to the Italian Parliament by the city of Ferrara, he subsequently divided his time between Bologna and Rome, where he…

German artist (1881-1942)

French engineer, born in Talence, Gironde, in 1820. Graduated at the head of his class from the École polytechnique and the École des ponts et chaussées, he served as an engineer on the Midi railway,…

German physician

Australian community worker, born in 1814 and died in South Melbourne in 1886. One of the oldest settlers of Victoria, he arrived in Melbourne in 1838 after a two-year stay in Sydney, presided over…

Biochemist born in Warsaw into an intellectual Polish Jewish family (father Jakub Funk, dermatologist). He coined the term « vitamin » in 1912 following his work at the Lister Institute in London on…

Orientalist and biblical scholar German of Jewish origin, born in Dessau in 1814 and died in 1892; raised in the Jewish faith, he converted to Christianity in 1838, then was called in 1847 to the…

Journalist and chess columnist, born in 1850 in Konitz, in western Prussia, where his father was a rabbi. Left for England in 1879, he began as chess editor of the Bradford Observer-Budget, organized…

German physician, born in 1859 in Schwerin-on-the-Warta, in the province of Posen. Trained at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1883, he…

Converted to Christianity and missionary to the Jews, born in 1821 in Gross-Glogau, Silesia, and died in 1892 near Berlin. After directing royalist newspapers in Erfurt from 1849 and having himself…

Hazzan of the Judeo-Portuguese community of Hamburg, born in Amsterdam in 1808 and died in Hamburg in 1893. Elected hazzan in 1827, a post he held until his death, he was also its spiritual leader,…

Italian scholar, born in Leghorn, Tuscany, in 1836 and died in 1901. Trained at the rabbinical college of Leghorn, he taught Hebrew and Italian in the city's Jewish schools from 1857 to 1863, then…

Italian Christian legal scholar, born in Milan in 1801 and died near Lugano in 1869. Though not particularly favorable to Jews, he protested vigorously against the laws that oppressed them in Italy,…

Moroccan educator and writer, born in Tetuan in 1851. Trained in Paris by the Alliance israélite universelle, he was entrusted at eighteen years old with founding schools in the East — in Volo in…

English historian specializing in Jewish history (England, Italy, Marranos, Renaissance). Reader in post-biblical Jewish studies at Merton College (Oxford) from 1938/1939 to 1964, then…

Born Cécile Kahn into a bourgeois republican Jewish family (Alsatian industrialist father who opted for France in 1870). President of the French Union for Women's Suffrage (UFSF) from 1924 to 1946…

French philanthropist

Mathematician, first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics from a Canadian university.

German-British endocrinologist and physiologist

Yiddish poetess known for her poems on desire and death.

French author, born in Épinal in 1811 and died in 1858. After studying law, he entered government service, where he held numerous posts, the last being prefect and inspector general of prisons in…

French journalist, born in Épinal in 1817 and died in Paris in 1883. After having traveled extensively in Algeria and the Orient, he was attached in 1839 to the penitentiary administration of the…

Son of Rabbi Shelomo Bohbot (Kabbalist rabbi of Rabat who ascended to the Holy Land in 1889), Chabbétaï Bohbot was Chief Rabbi of Syria and Lebanon from 1924. He is the author of several works:…

Son of Chacham Moshe Tajir, Rosh Av Beit Din (head of the rabbinical court) in Jerusalem. At age 30 he took a position as rav in Turkestan, which became that of Chief Rabbi, a post he held for…

rabbi of Valozhyn, Moscow, and Jerusalem (1832–1912)

Descendant of the Spira family of Munkács, he became president of the rabbinic court of Munkács in 1903, then Chief Rabbi of the city and surrounding communities. Author of over twenty works on…

Polish rabbi

Talmudist and specialist in Targum combining rabbinic erudition and modern textual criticism.

Ottoman rabbi (1834–1904)

American Orthodox rabbi (1857–1935)

Rebbe who rebuilt the court of Vizhnitz in Bnei Brak after the Shoah (Shikun Vizhnitz quarter). His teachings were published under the title Imrei Chaïm.

American rabbi

Belarusian rabbi

Grandson of the preceding, born in Essaouira and active in Casablanca, venerated as a saint.

« Reb Chaim Telzer », rosh yeshiva of Telz, architect of the Telzer Derech method of study.

Polish mathematician, writer and journalist

Russian rabbi

Hungarian rabbi

Russian-American rabbi and scholar (1870–1949)

Rabbi author of the sefer « Beer Chaim », printed in Vilna in 1887 (scan available on HebrewBooks.org, ref. no. 47), as well as the sefer « Divrei Chaim ». Few precise biographical data survive.

Hungarian Rabbi

Hungarian rabbi

Rosh yeshiva

Polish activist

rabbi (1864-1948)

20th century Hasidic Rebbe born in Romania, died in the USA

Philosopher and essayist, theorist of Yiddishism and Jewish diasporism.

American rabbi and writer (1881–1973)

Rabbi, printer and publisher born in Baghdad and settled in Algiers. He founded a Hebrew press and distributed abundant popular literature in Judeo-Arabic — translations, tales, works of morality and…

Music critic and antisemitic Anglo-German writer, born in 1855 in Portsmouth, England, son of Admiral W. C. Chamberlain. Trained in France, Switzerland, and Austria, where he became a private…

French figurative sculptor (1888-1968)

Ukrainian rabbi

Hasidic rabbi (1836-1904)

Fourth Sochatchover Rebbe

rabbi

English educator and community worker, born in 1845. Trained at the Jews' College in London, he became assistant master there and was then appointed director of the Jews' Hospital and Orphan Asylum,…

Convert to Judaism, born in 1834 and died at Roxborough Castle, Ireland, in 1882. Only daughter of William Meredyth, first Lord Athlumney, she married in 1856 James Molyneux, third Earl of…

German mathematician

British businessman

Merchant born in Strasbourg, co-founder (May 17, 1860) and first treasurer/secretary of the Alliance israélite universelle. Sent to Palestine by the AIU in 1868, he obtained from the Ottomans land…

Franco-German photographer

American Jewish poet, major figure of objectivism, son of Sarah Yetta (Wolvovsky) and Nathan Reznikoff, who had fled the pogroms of the Russian Empire. His work is strongly traversed by Jewish…

Doctor of law (1866), agrégé (1867), professor at the law faculties of Nancy and then Paris (1872), of which he became dean in 1906. Elected to the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences (1893), he…

Geneticist, founder of mutagenesis; discovered the mutagenic effect of mustard gas.

German-American trans actress

German politician

Physician and psychotherapist, author of pioneering work in sexology on bisexuality.

Neo-Hebrew poet and Russian translator, born in Vilna in 1848, later settled in Odessa. His first collection of Hebrew songs, Nite'e Na'amanim, was published in Warsaw in 1869, followed by several…

Russian physician, born in 1832 and died in Odessa in 1902. Settled in that city in 1869, he practiced there for more than thirty years, became in 1870 a member of the Odessa Medical Society and…

Rabbi born in Aleppo, founded a yeshiva; emigrated to Buenos Aires where he prohibited conversions (« Dibber Chaoul »).

President of the rabbinical court of Fès for 50 years, kabbalist; author of Asher li-Shlomo.

French stage actor (1805-1896)

English Christian biblical critic, Oriel Professor of biblical exegesis at Oxford, born in London in 1841. Long the almost sole representative of higher criticism in England, he provided with…

Founder of Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidism and author of the Tanya and the Shulchan Aruch ha-Rav. He developed intellectual Hasidic thought (Chabad).

Hungarian deputy, grandson of Aaron Chorin, born in Arad in 1842. After studying law in Arad, Budapest, and Vienna, he practiced in his native city, became vice-president of the bar, then was elected…

Russian traveler, born in Minsk in 1835 and died in Odessa in 1880. Intended by his parents for viticulture, he abandoned this career to explore the Caucasus, Transcaucasia and several countries of…

English rabbi and author, born in Krakow in 1844 and trained at the rabbinical seminary and University of Breslau. After his ordination, he was first rabbi of the congregation of Belfast, Ireland,…

American heavyweight boxer, born in San Francisco in 1868. He made his ring debut in 1884, where he was beaten by J. J. Corbett in one round, then faced most of the great pugilists of his time,…

German actor, born in 1837 and died in Meiningen in 1890, stage manager of the famous Meiningen troupe, founded by Duke George of Meiningen. Trained in Paris then in Berlin in 1856 under Görner, he…

Soldier and police officer Beni-Israel, born in 1822 and died in Poona in 1867. Enlisted in the third regiment of light native infantry of Bombay, he served in the Punjab army in 1848-49, was among…

Jurist, academic and collector of Italian Jewish art (Florence, 1873-1956). Professor of administrative law at the Cesare Alfieri Institute in Florence from 1910, then at the universities of Cagliari…

Hebrew writer of fiction and literary critic, born in Minsk in 1862. Trained at the rabbinical school of Volozhin, he published his first Hebrew text at fourteen in Ha-Maggid, translated in 1884 Leon…

Poet, dramatist and Austrian actor, born in 1842 in Lemberg. After abandoning studies in medicine and then a commercial career, he made his debut as an actor in 1860 at the Burgtheater in Vienna,…

German chemist

Developmental psychologist, pioneering study of child language through 18 years of journals.

American attorney and social worker

English Jewish scholar and theologian

French military surgeon, born in Nancy on May 11, 1812 and died in Paris on September 18, 1872. Entered military medical service in 1832, he became surgeon in 1834 and directed the clinic of the…

Italian painter, born in Ferrara in 1811, died in Venice on January 26, 1856. Trained in the style of the Venetian landscapist Canaletto, he exhibited in 1840 in Venice The Facade of Ferrara…

Jewish child of Rome, born in 1854, abducted in 1864 while delivering a pair of shoes to a priest and forcibly taken to the Casa dei Neofiti to be baptized, despite the protests of his father and the…

Austrian physician, born in Spalato, Dalmatia, on January 19, 1839. Educated at the gymnasium of his native city and then at the University of Vienna, where he obtained his doctorate in medicine in…

Rabbi and writer, died in Tunis around 1835, at an advanced age. He is the author of two Hebrew works annotating the Talmud: Ereẓ Yehudah (Land of Judah), published in Livorno in 1797, and Admat…

Rabbi and Tunisian writer, born and died in Tunis, where he dies in 1864. His Hebrew works, printed in Livorno at the expense of the Tunisian Jewish family Chemama, include the Mishmerot Kehunnah,…

Pioneer of Krugersdorp, in the colony of the Transvaal, born around 1860. Emigrated to South Africa in 1881, he bonds with the Boers whose language he learns, then, on the way to Johannesburg in…

French writer, born in Marseille on December 31, 1831, died in Paris on February 17, 1896, brother of composer Jules Cohen. Appointed auditor to the Council of State on May 28, 1855, he holds this…

English lawyer and Queen's Counsel, born in London on November 18, 1830. After studying at the gymnasium in Frankfurt-on-the-Main and then at University College London, he was admitted to Magdalen…

English politician and philanthropist, born in London in 1844, son of Louis Cohen, founder of the Louis Cohen & Sons firm. Engaged in numerous Jewish and general charitable works, he presided over…

Australian statesman, born in London in 1822, died in March 1877. Having arrived in Australia where he entered his father's business, he settled in the colony of Victoria in 1846, acquires a house of…

English painter, trained at the Slade School and the Royal Academy in London, as well as in Paris under Constant and Laurens. She exhibits for the first time at the Royal Academy in 1891, with a…

German mineralogist, born in Aakjær, near Horsens, in Jutland, October 12, 1842. Trained at the universities of Heidelberg and Berlin, he is assistant at the mineralogical institute from 1867 to…

French composer and numismatist, born in Amsterdam in 1805, died in Bry-sur-Marne on May 17, 1880. His parents settled in France in 1811; trained in harmony under Reicha and in singing under Lois and…

Judge at the Supreme Court of New South Wales, born in Port Macquarie in December 1840. After starting as a clerk in 1856 then in business in Bathurst, he studies law in London from 1868 and is…

Mauritian journalist, died May 31, 1879 in Curepipe. He devoted nearly twenty years to the press, founding and directing the Mercantile Record and Commercial Gazette of Mauritius, and worked actively…

American laryngologist, born in New York on February 28, 1838. Educated at the Central High School of Philadelphia, Jefferson Medical College, and the University of Pennsylvania, where he obtained…

American hazzan, probably born in the Barbary States, died in Philadelphia in September 1811. After living in London in his youth, he is found in Quebec and then in New Orleans in 1777; he serves the…

American lawyer and judge, born in Plymouth, England, on November 29, 1841, from a long-established family in Cornwall. A prominent lawyer in western Pennsylvania, he presides over the executive…

French composer, born in Marseille on November 2, 1830, died in Paris in January 1901. Trained at the Paris Conservatory under Zimmerman, Marmontel, Benoist and Halévy from 1847 to 1854, where he won…

American sculptor and painter, born in Philadelphia on March 18, 1859. Trained in the art schools of Philadelphia and New York under J. Liberty Tadd, John J. Boyle and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, she…

French musician, born in Paris on 12 February 1829, died in 1884. Trained at the Paris Conservatory under Leborne, he won the Prix de Rome in 1851 and shortly thereafter became violinist at the…

Journalist and defender of the Jews of Tangier, born in Mogador in 1844, died in Tangier on November 9, 1888. Settled in England in his youth and later established in Tangier, he became the protector…

Dutch physician and medical author, born on October 6, 1817 in Meppel, in the province of Drenthe, died on November 22, 1889 in Groningen. Graduated from medical school at the University of Groningen…

English financier and politician, born in London in 1832, died on June 26, 1887, son of Louis Cohen, founder of the house Louis Cohen & Sons. Trustee of the London Stock Exchange from 1870 and then…

Lord-mayor of Liverpool in 1899, born in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1846, son of Samuel Cohen, member of Parliament for Morpeth in the New South Wales Parliament. Trained in London, he settled in…

Grand Rabbi of Serrès, in European Turkey, from 1862 onwards, a position he held for twenty years before dying at an advanced age in Jerusalem. He was summoned to Constantinople by Fu'ad Pacha, Grand…

Dutch military officer, born on November 27, 1877 in Goes, in the province of Zeeland. Enlisted in April 1894 in the second hussars regiment, he resigned in May 1896 and enlisted for six years in the…

Bulgarian journalist, born in Choumen, Bulgaria, in 1864. He published in 1897 in Philippopolis a Brief History of the Israelites, summarizing in French the work of Theodore Reinach, then founded in…

Russian journalist, born in 1863, died in Yekaterinoslav on January 27, 1893. His account of the ghetto, In a Forsaken Town, first appeared in Vestnik Evropy in November 1892 and then as a volume in…

American physician, born in Philadelphia in September 1857. Graduated from Central High School in 1872, he studies medicine from 1880 under his brother J. da Silva Solis Cohen and then at Jefferson…

French Talmudist, died in May 1806 in Metz, his native city, at an advanced age, son of a member of the city's rabbinical college. Assistant rabbi to Aryeh Löb b. Asher Günzburg, he succeeded him as…

American philologist, born in Paris on May 29, 1851. Bachelor of Letters from the University of Paris in 1868, he obtained his law degree in 1873 and his diploma as archivist-paleographer in 1874,…

German physician, born March 30, 1827 in Breslau, died in that city on June 16, 1864. Awarded his doctorate in medicine on August 20, 1855, he established himself that same year as a physician in…

German physicist, born in Neustrelitz on 28 September 1854. Trained at the university of Strasbourg, where he obtained his doctorate in 1878, he was assistant at the physics institute from 1881 to…

German jurist, born September 19, 1845, in Breslau. Honorary professor of German civil and commercial law at the University of Heidelberg in 1888, he collaborates on the Handbuch des Handels-, See-…

German economist, born September 12, 1840, in Marienwerder, West Prussia. Trained at the Universities of Berlin and Jena, he became privatdozent in Heidelberg in 1869, then professor at the…

German ophthalmologist, born in Breslau on June 4, 1838. Educated at Heidelberg and then at Breslau, where he obtained his doctorate in philosophy in 1860 and his doctorate in medicine in Berlin in…

French statesman, born in Paris on March 11, 1849, second son of Albert Cohn. Bachelor of letters in 1866, he embraces the bar before turning toward politics: private secretary to Jules Simon, then…

German historian, born in Breslau on May 22, 1834, died in Göttingen on January 13, 1871, from a family of merchants. Physically handicapped since childhood, he enters the University of Breslau in…

Austrian writer (pseudonym Conimor), born in Kreuzburg, in Silesia, on January 8, 1844. First employed as a merchant, he devoted himself to writing after the success of his early plays and settled in…

German writer, born in Breslau on February 21, 1839, died in Bad Nauheim on August 6, 1893. Destined for commerce, he took over his father's trading house in Breslau, but went bankrupt in 1880 and…

German physiologist, born in Schneideemühl, in the province of Posen, on April 23, 1862. Trained at the Kneiphöfsche Gymnasium and then at the University of Königsberg, where he obtained his…

German political economist, born in Bromberg in 1862, died in Berlin on July 30, 1900. Trained at the Joachimsthal-Gymnasium then at the University of Berlin, where he obtained his doctorate in…

German rabbi, born in Zülz, in Prussian Silesia, on 24 March 1822, died in Breslau on 22 September 1902, grandson of rabbi Meshoullam Salomon Cohn of Fürth. After a brief stay at the Presbourg…

Physician and medical author, German, born in Breslau on December 26, 1866. Trained at the Elisabeth gymnasium of his native city and at the universities of Breslau and Freiburg, he is assistant at…

German writer, born in Pyritz, in Pomerania, on August 3, 1809, died in Berlin on January 20, 1868. Established in Breslau in his youth, he became a doctor but became better known as editor of the…

German pathologist, born in Demmin, in Pomerania, on July 20, 1839, died in Leipzig on August 15, 1884. Trained at the universities of Würzburg, Marburg, Greifswald and Berlin, where he obtained his…

German physician, born in Labes, Pomerania, on December 2, 1867. Educated at the gymnasium of Stettin and at the universities of Berlin, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Tübingen and Würzburg, where he received…

German gynecologist, born in Gnesen, in the province of Posen, on August 1, 1841, died in Charlottenburg, near Berlin, on July 25, 1894. Trained at the gymnasium of his native city and then at the…

Bishop of Natal and English biblical scholar, born in St Austell, Cornwall, on January 24, 1814, died on January 20, 1883. Trained at Cambridge, he became bishop of Natal in 1853, where he learned…

Anglo-American actress, born in London around 1865. On stage from the age of five as a rope dancer, she then performs with her sisters Marie and Lizzie Collins in music halls, before becoming famous…

French musician, born in Bordeaux on July 23, 1838. Trained at the Paris Conservatory, he abandoned his position as first violin at the Opera to found in 1874 the Artistic Association of Châtelet…

Italian jurist and economist, born in Modena on 25 June 1868, died in that town on 6 December 1901. Doctor of law in 1889 after further studies in Padua and London, he becomes lecturer at the…

German Jewish historian, teacher and art collector (1869-1940)

Professor and author of Roman law, born in Breslau on September 16, 1848 under the name of Cohn, which he changed to Conrat in 1882 upon converting to Christianity. Trained at the…

Italian Hebraist, born in Ancona in 1806, died in Florence in 1887. Trained in Talmud Torah in his native city by Rabbi David A. Vivanti, he subsequently studied Italian and Latin despite opposition…

Lyric poet and photographer of Saint Petersburg, patron of the Odessa Committee.

Romanian political figure

Greek industrialist, born in Zante in 1865, president of the Jewish community of Athens. Trained in Paris, where he obtained a doctorate in science and a diploma of engineer from the Superior School…

Palestinian scholar of Sephardic and Ashkenazi parentage, born in Amsterdam in 1810, died in Jerusalem on August 6, 1890. Student of R. Abraham Susan, he emigrated in 1830 to Safed, Palestine, where…

Italian statesman and writer, born in Milan on January 3, 1815, died in Lesa, in the province of Novara, on October 4, 1888. Great friend of the Jews of Italy and declared opponent of antisemitism,…

Talmudic scholar and Hebrew grammarian of Berlin, died in Stettin, Prussia, on March 21, 1832. His Hebrew grammar in the form of a catechism, the Maslul, published for the first time in Hamburg in…

Italian rabbi, born in 1819, died in 1897. He succeeds Abraham Baruch Piperno as rabbi of Leghorn in 1864. Among his numerous works are an annotated Maḥzor for Rosh Hashanah (1869), a complete…

English composer and conductor of Sephardic origin, born in Naples on February 4, 1810, died in Brighton on April 29, 1884. Trained by his father Pasquale Costa, his grandfather Tritto Costa and…

Austrian writer, traveler and diplomat, born in Vienna on October 12, 1859. After studying law in Vienna and military service with the hussars, he obtained his doctorate in philosophy in 1883,…

English merchant, volunteer officer and alderman, born in Chatham in 1832, died in Buxton on October 22, 1899. Member of the Honorable Artillery Company, he joined in 1863 the Third London Rifles…

English conductor and composer, born in Kingston, Jamaica, on 29 January 1852, brought to England at the age of four; a child prodigy, he composed an operetta at eight years old and studied at the…

American attorney and jurist, son of Bennett and Bertha Cowen, born in Houston, Texas, on December 12, 1861. After studies in public schools in Texas and California and seven years in Germany, he…

English journalist and politician (born Cohen), born in 1865 in Hull. After years in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where his father E. Cohen served as hazzan, he settled in London in 1888 and collaborated on…

Painter, born in 1846, died in August 1895, brother of composer Frédéric H. Cowen. A member of the Royal Society of British Artists, he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy; he died at sea in…

Jewish community editor and activist, born in New York in 1853, educated in public schools. He was among the founders and editor of The American Hebrew, involved in the creation of the Young Men's…

German poet and literary historian, son of Michael Creizenach, born on April 17, 1818 in Mainz, died on December 6, 1877 in Frankfurt-am-Main. Trained in Classical Antiquity at Giessen, Göttingen and…

French cavalry officer, born in Paris on January 20, 1857, died in Porto Novo, in North Africa, in November 1892. In 1892, after La Libre Parole published a series of anti-Semitic articles on the…

French socialist and writer, born in Nîmes on June 22, 1836, died in Marseille on December 1, 1871. A lawyer in Aix from 1856, where his generosity toward impoverished clients earned him the nickname…

French dramatist, born in Paris November 10, 1828, died in that city in 1892, of the same family as Isaac Adolphe Crémieux. After studies at Lycée Bourbon and then at the school of law in Paris, he…

Italian writer

Italian poet of Jewish origin born in the ghetto of Rome in 1868, regarded as the greatest author in Judeo-Romanesque dialect (nicknamed the « Gioachino Belli » of Roman Jewry). His sonnets paint,…

Romanian rabbi, teacher and journalist, born around 1850 in Eskee Sara, in Eastern Rumelia; he took refuge in Romania after the Russo-Turkish war of 1878. He was the first in the East to found a…

Turkish rabbinic author, who lived in Smyrna in the first half of the 19th century, son of Joshua Abraham Crespin, grand rabbi of Smyrna. He is the author of the Mesheq Beti (The Steward of my…

Teacher and polemicist, active in England around 1838. He gives Hebrew lessons to a few students of the university of Cambridge while the regius professors of Hebrew are durably absent there; opposed…

Romanian author, born in Jassy on April 25, 1868. After his baccalaureate in 1889, he entered the University of Jassy to study philosophy, then went to Paris to study medicine; he published in April…

President of the Supreme Court of Hungary, born in Csongrad on May 3, 1826, died on March 18, 1899. He organizes in 1848 an infantry battalion during the Hungarian War of Independence, then maintains…

Hungarian opera singer, born around 1840. Noticed in the choruses of the Hungarian National Theater of Budapest, she trained under professor Proch and made her debut in 1858 in the role of Fides in…

Hungarian actress born in Duna-Adony on May 17, 1862, she established herself as a popular actress at the National Theater of Budapest, where she performs ingénue roles from 1879 to 1898, after…

Neo-Hebrew poet of the early nineteenth century established in Lutsk, Volhynia, Baruch Czatzkes belongs to the « Bikkure ha-Ittim » school, which Germanizes Hebrew poetry. His poem « Ha-Bitahon »,…

Polish lawyer, writer and journalist born on June 20, 1801 and died in London on January 31, 1867, Jan Czynski, son of parents converted to Catholicism before his birth, became a zealous defender of…

Head of the translation bureau at the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs, born in Salonique in 1845 into a modest family, Da'ud Effendi Molko grew up in Constantinople where he received his…

Russian preacher known as the Maggid of Sloutsk, Ẓebi Hirsch Dainow was born in Sloutsk, in the province of Minsk, in 1832, and died in London on March 6, 1877. An orator of extraordinary talent, he…

Historian and jurist born in New York in 1816 and died in 1899, Charles P. Daly, of Catholic parents, was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas of New York in 1844, a position he held for…

Julia Myra Hess, born in Kilburn (London) to a Jewish family (paternal grandfather from Alsace, Spitalfields textile family of Orthodox tradition), studied at the Royal Academy of Music. During the…

French musician born in Paris on February 26, 1835 and died in the same city on June 9, 1896, Adolphe-Léopold Danhauser studied at the Paris Conservatory under Bazin, Halévy and Reber, where he won…

Born of poor and pious Jewish parents in Vilna, he studied in Breslau (with the support of Abraham Geiger) then became professor of Oriental languages at the University of Saint Petersburg (1855)…

Russian decisionist died in Grodno on April 30, 1807, where he exercised for forty years the function of dayyan and where he was nicknamed « the saint », « the pious » and « the modest », Daniel ben…

The youngest of the Tsharni (Charney) siblings from Dukor. Began in poetry in 1907, central figure in Yiddish literary circles in Moscow (1918-1924), then contributor to the newspaper Der Tog until…

Born in Paris, son of librettist Ludovic Halévy and grandson/descendant of the Halévy family (composer Fromental Halévy is a great-uncle). Schoolmate of Marcel Proust at the Lycée Condorcet. He…

Polish Jewish writer and pedagogue, figure of the Haskalah in Poland. He founded and directed the weekly Jewish newspaper in Polish Jutrzenka (« Ayyelet ha-Shaḥar », Warsaw 1861–1863), advocating for…