XVIIIth century CE

Ancestor of the lineage, member of the Great Sanhedrin convened by Napoleon (1807), founding figure of the prestige of the d'Avigdor family before its establishment in England.

Prolific writer of the early Haskala, author of Mishlei Asaf.

Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, author of Erekh ha-Choulhan, a commentary in six volumes.

American inventor of the colonial and revolutionary period, died in 1798, established in Newport from 1755. In 1790, he offered to Washington, on a visit to Newport, a bottle of desalinated water…

writer

German rabbi

Austrian businessman

Austrian rabbi

Italian rabbi

Talmudist, rabbi of Breslau, pioneer of critical annotation of the Talmud.

Talmudist and author, chief rabbi of Modena, born in 1724 and died in 1811. Recognized as a profound dialectician, he received numerous casuistical questions; his responsa and novellæ were gathered…

Rabbi of Taza, eighteenth century. Mentioned in 5532 of the Hebrew era (1772). Son of Yehuda. Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 79-3.

Rabbi of Marrakech, 18th century. Mentioned in 5548 of the Hebrew era (1788). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 79-4.

Printer and author, active in Prague in the 17th-18th centuries. He is the author of the « Hanhagot Yisrael », a treatise on the education of children whose first edition was published anonymously in…

Galician scholar born in Boberka at the beginning of the eighteenth century and died in Brody in April 1772. Trained in the Talmud by his father but passionate about philosophy and mathematics, he…

Talmudic casuist born in Shklov around 1770 and died in Tiberias on 13 May 1839, one of the scholars of Shklov attracted to Vilna by the Gaon Elijah ben Solomon, of whom he was a disciple for less…

Hasidic rabbi, Kabbalist and wonderworker known as the Maggid of Kozienice, born around 1745 in Kozienice, in the government of Radom, and died in 1815. Disciple of Baer of Meseritz, Samuel Shmelka…

Hungarian rabbi

Rabbi of Marrakech. Period not specified by the source. Son of Yosef. Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 79-3.

Italian rabbi, eminent Talmudist and devotee of Kabbalah, active in Reggio Emilia then in Rovigo in the late seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth century. He edited in Venice (1744) the «…

Chief Rabbi and physician of Mantua, figure of the Mantuan branch (the largest) of the Cases family. He composed a collection of prayers of thanksgiving published in Mantua in 1788.

Austrian tobacco manufacturer and financier, the first Jew ennobled in the Habsburg monarchy (1789).

German Jewish philanthropist and community organizer (1768-1828)

German rabbi

ḥazzan and composer (1773–1832)

Ḥayyim Abraham Israël is an eighteenth-century Italian rabbi who lived in Candie and then in Ancona. He is the author of Bet Abraham (Livorno, 1786), a casuistic commentary on the Ḥoshen Mishpaṭ…

French rabbi

Rabbi of Podhajce, in Galicia, born in Lisko in 1712 and died in Berlin on October 28, 1744, son of the author of the "Pené Yehoshua'" and student of Hirsch, rabbi of Halberstadt. In 1741, he gave…

Rabbi. Period not specified by the source. Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 79-4.

Rabbi of Meknès. Period not specified by source. Son of Haim. Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 102-1.

Turkish Talmudist of the 17th-18th centuries, son-in-law of Elijah Ḥako, author of the « Ruaḥ Eliyahou ». A Talmudist of great repute, he had many students, including his own son-in-law Juda…

Member of the rabbinical court (Bet Din) established by the Portuguese kehilla of Amsterdam after the death of Haham Daniel Cohen d'Azevedo in 1822, the community having then preferred a college of…

18th-century Talmudist

Chief Rabbi of Damascus, arrested and tortured during the Damascus Affair (1840); emigrated to Jerusalem.

Russian Talmudist

Tunisian Jewish scholar

Rabbi, posek and kabbalist said to be « of Vilna », member of the circle of Judah Hasid ha-Levi. He collaborated with Nathan Nata Mannheim on the Me'orot Natan, which takes up the Me'orei Or of Meir…

Russian rabbi of Brest-Litovsk in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Jacob ben Joël is the author of the "She'erit Ya'aḳob" (Altona, 1727), a collection of ḥiddouchim on the Pentateuch, the…

Polish rabbi of the second half of the eighteenth century, trained in Talmudism, Jacob ben Juda Löb became rabbi of Krasnopol, in the government of Suwałki. He is the author of the "Peduyot Ya'aḳob",…

Russian preacher known as the Maggid of Dubno, born in Zietil, in the Vilna governorate, around 1740 and died in Zamość on December 18, 1804, Jacob ben Wolf Kranz preached from the age of eighteen in…

Rabbi of Algiers under Ottoman rule. On November 14, 1782, he appears — alongside Rabbi Tsemah Duran — as a witnessing rabbi before whom three brothers (Mordechai, Jacob and Solomon) conclude a…

Son of Moses de Chaves, wealthy merchant of Amsterdam. Student of the poet and kabbalist Moïse Ḥayyim Luzzatto, who published his drama « La-Yesharim Tehillah » on the occasion of Jacob's marriage to…

Poet and mathematician, author of Ha-Kerav describing the game of chess in verse.

German decisor and polemicist, famous for his struggle against the remnants of Sabbateanism. Author of a reference annotated siddur.

German rabbi

Preacher (maggid) of Dubno, celebrated for his parables illustrating Jewish tradition.

French rabbi

Posek and rosh yeshiva of Tripoli, author of some forty works including Kol Yaakov.

Son of Abraham, he succeeded him as muqaddim of Algiers, was one of the principal shipowners of his time, consul of Ragusa (1735) and supported the yeshivot by financing the printing of Hebrew works.

Sephardic Jew of converso origin (Seville), arrived in Newport via Curaçao in 1748. Second most powerful merchant in the Newport Jewish community after Aaron Lopez (his cousin, then father-in-law…

-1801

Patriarch (c. 1704-1796) of the Jewish Minerbi family of Ferrara, renowned for his professional honesty and profound Jewish learning; his descendants numbered among the founders of Assicurazioni…

Israël Jacob, banker and German philanthropist born in 1729 in Halberstadt and died in 1803, was a court agent of the Duke of Brunswick and the Margrave of Baden; he is credited with the suppression…

Danish physician born in Yaroslav, Galicia, in 1764, and died in Copenhagen in 1811, Samuel Jacobi first studied Talmud before turning to medicine, which he practiced at the universities of Breslau,…

Danish surgeon born in Copenhagen on January 10, 1783 and died in the same city on August 29, 1843, Ludwig Lewin Jacobson received his doctorate in medicine there in 1804 and served as military…

German rabbi

rabbi

German writer

Fifth son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, he settled in Paris in 1812 and founded in 1817 the house of Rothschild Frères with his brothers as partners. By 1823 the Paris house is the banker of the…

Aaron Jaroslaw was one of the Biurists, tutor in the house of Moses Mendelssohn before becoming a teacher in Lemberg. His commentary on the Book of Numbers appeared in the first edition of…

Rabbinical author versed in the Midrashim, died in Vienna in 1730, Jehiel Michael ben Uzziel of Glogau composed the « Nezer ha-Qodesh », vast commentary on Midrash Rabba of which the part devoted to…

Austrian physician and poet born on June 20, 1794 (or 1795) in Brünn, Moravia, and died in that city on April 16, 1858. Alois Jeiteles, doctor of medicine from Vienna (1819), turned to poetry through…

Russian physician and Kabbalist born in the early eighteenth century, reputed to be a Talmudist from his youth, Jekoutiel ben Löb Gordon studied medicine in Padua where he befriended the young Moses…

Samuel Jesi was an Italian engraver, born in Milan in 1789 and died in Florence on January 17, 1853. A pupil of G. Longhi at the Academy of Milan, he engraved notably The Abandonment of Hagar after…

Czech rabbi

Joël b. Juda Selki ha-Lévi is the author of Dibre ha-Iggeret, an account of the sufferings of the Jews of Glogau during the siege of the city by the Prussians in the winter of 1740-41, published in…

Johanan ben Isaac of Holleschau was, in the early eighteenth century, rabbi of the German community of London. He edited, adding his own remarks, the Teshouvot ha-Gueonim, responsa of contemporary…

German artist

Joseph Johlson, German translator of the Bible and pedagogue, born in 1777 in Fulda and died in Frankfurt am Main on June 13, 1851, was sometimes called "Fulda", after the name of his native city…

Born in Lisbon into a Portuguese Jewish family, he settled in Virginia in 1745 where he practiced medicine. His father, Francisco Machado de Sequeira, a physician arrested in Rio in 1706 and…

Ottoman rabbi

Member of a Prague family (the Wehle) of Sabbatean tradition, Jonas Wehle was the leader of the Frankist group in Prague, assisted by his brothers — including Aaron Beer Wehle (1750–1825) — and by…

German-Hungarian rabbi

Jonathan ben Joseph, Lithuanian rabbi and astronomer, lived in Risenoï, in the Grodno governorate, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, versed in astronomy and mathematics as much as in…

Talmudic and kabbalistic prodigy, chief rabbi of the « Three Communities » (Altona, Hamburg, Wandsbek). He was at the heart of a famous controversy with Jacob Emden.

Thomas Jones, English editor converted to Judaism, was born a Catholic in 1791 and died in London on May 25, 1882, his conversion resulting from long study and deep conviction. A bookseller and…

German rabbi

Joseph b. Moses Phineas, called ha-Tsaddiq, was a Polish rabbi born in 1726 and died in Posen in 1801, a man of fortune, influence and great piety; his father-in-law, R. Ezekiel Landau of Prague,…

Hungarian rabbi

Joseph ben Abraham Issachar Bärman Minkdam was a Dutch scholar of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He translated into Yiddish the targum of the Song of Songs (Amsterdam, 1711), a translation…

Considered one of the great Moroccan scholars of his time, rabbi of Salé and then of Rabat (1780), where he maintained an important yeshiva that survived after his death. His responsa, concerning…

Joseph ben David Heilbronn of Eschau was a German masorete established in The Hague in the eighteenth century. He is the author of the Sefer Mevin Hidot (Amsterdam, 1765), an important work on the…

Ottoman rabbi

Joseph ben Mardochée ha-Cohen, Turkish rabbi and liturgist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was born in Jerusalem. A student of Moses Galante the Younger, he brought to Amsterdam the…

Joseph (Josel) ben Moses of Frankfurt was a dayan in Fürth in the first half of the eighteenth century; born in Frankfurt-am-Main, he is the author of the Torat Yossef, a massorah on the Pentateuch…

Rabbi in Lesla in the first half of the 18th century, he is the author of a supercommentary on Rashi on the Pentateuch entitled « Tif'eret Yosef » (Prague, 1724), covering the first three books of…

Tunisian rabbi

Joseph David, called "the Saint", was rabbi of Salonique in the first half of the eighteenth century, contemporary of Salomon Amarillo and Joseph Covo I; according to Azoulaï, he would have served as…

Joseph David ben Tsevi, rabbi and Russian author, was born in Zetil, in the Grodno government, in 1767, and died in Mir, in the Minsk government, in 1846. Grandson of the rabbi of Zetil and…

Hungarian rabbi

Prussian-American businessman (1799–1881)

Uncle and father-in-law of Francis Salvador, an eminent businessman of London, investor in the British East India Company. The family, ruined by the Lisbon earthquake (1755) and the reverses of the…

German rabbi

Galician rabbi, author of the Pri Megadim, reference supercommentary on the Shulchan Aruch.

German rabbi

English Hebraist and man of communal affairs, born in Königsberg on October 8, 1763 and died in London on February 9, 1849. Leaving for Berlin at age thirteen and then settling in London in 1781, he…

American Talmudist born in Brest-Kuyavsk, in the government of Warsaw, in 1799, and died in Keokuk, Iowa, in 1864. Settling young in Kurnik, in Prussia, whence his surname « Joshua of Kurnik », he…

Rabbinic author of the eighteenth century, died in Jerusalem, contemporary of Elijah of Vilna. He wrote "Maẓmiaḥ Yeshu'ah" (Nowydwor, 1782), composed of a commentary on the "Mordekai" of R. Mordekhaï…

Polish rabbi died in Vilna, at an advanced age, on September 9, 1749. Named after his grandfather, R. Höschel, who died in 1663, he became rabbi of Vilna in 1712 and held this position until his…

Russian rabbi

Russian mining engineer, born around 1800 and died in Saint Petersburg in 1874. Graduate of the Saint Petersburg School of Mines in 1823, he completed his training at the School of Mines in Freiberg,…

German historian born in Bernburg on February 22, 1793 and died in Frankfurt am Main on November 22, 1860. Orphaned of his father at age ten, he was raised in Wolfenbüttel, where he befriended Zunz,…

Chief Rabbi of Tunis (1847), kabbalist, author of Avnei Tsedek on the Choulhan Aroukh.

French Hebrew scholar, active at the beginning of the 18th century, born in Krotoschin, Germany, and established in Avignon and then Carpentras, a city whose name he generally bears. He is the author…

Rabbi in Slutsk, in the government of Minsk, in Russia, in the middle of the eighteenth century. He is the author of « Torah Or » (Berlin, 1745), halakhot on the reading and writing of the Law as…

rabbi and Talmudist

Lithuanian Talmudist and philanthropist, born and died in Wilna, March 18, 1762, after having been a dayan, community secretary then, briefly, rabbi. Consulted as a Talmudic authority during the…

Rabbi in Venice and then in Amsterdam in the first half of the 18th century, prolific author of kabbalistic and homiletic works: « Seder Ḳeri'e Mo'ed » (Venice, 1706), « Peraḥ Lebanon » and « Naḥal…

Grammarian and poet, author of the grammar Talmud Lashon Ivri.

Rationalist Galician maskil, author of the dialogue Kinat ha-Emet.

German writer

German physician and penitentiary reformer, born in Altona on October 3, 1783 and died in Hamburg on August 20, 1862. Trained in Hamburg and then Berlin, he studied medicine in Heidelberg and…

Russian rabbi of the eighteenth century, author of « Or ha-Ne'erab », Talmudic commentary completed with notes by his son Salomon Zalman Kahana (Ostrog, 1804). He also left in manuscript sermons, «…

Karaite scholar of Tchoufout-Kalé, in Crimea, died on February 17, 1754, author of the « Me'il Shemuel », commentary on the « Ha-Mibḥar » of Aaron ben Joseph. Unable to complete the work, it was…

Rabbi of Agadir. Period not specified by the source. Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 80-1.

Rabbi and colonization pioneer, born March 24, 1795 in Lissa, Posen, and died October 16, 1874 in Thorn, on the Vistula, where he served without remuneration, for more than forty years, as deputy…

Rabbi of Kalisz, in Prussia, in the 18th century, trained by Elijah of Vilna and then by the Maggid of Mezeritch, whose ardent Hasidic disciple he became. After the latter's death, he settled in…

German rabbi, born and died in Frankfurt-am-Main (1 December 1762), son of Löb Kann. Chief Rabbi of Hesse-Darmstadt, he directed for more than half a century the talmudic school of Frankfurt founded…

German Talmudist, born in 1772 in Prostiboř, in Bohemia, and died in 1842 in Fürth, disciple of Ezekiel Landau in Prague and of Phinehas Horwitz in Frankfurt-on-the-Main. Merchant in Paris for…

The Kaulla family (Caula/Kaulla) was an important family of court bankers in Hechingen then Stuttgart, in Württemberg. Karoline Kaulla (1739-1809), born in Buchau am Federsee, daughter of banker…

Rabbi of Bohemia, born in Prague around 1762 and died in that city on May 6, 1838. After his studies, he devoted himself to the Talmud without exercising a rabbinic function, was called around 1810…

English actor, born in London on November 4 (?) 1787 and died near London on May 15, 1833, natural son of a Jew, Aaron Kean. Abandoned in infancy by his mother, he made his debut in 1801, then led a…

English Christian Hebraist, born in Totnes on April 4, 1718 and died in Oxford on August 18, 1783. Trained at Wadham College, where he became passionate about Hebrew, he became canon of Christ Church…

Jewish Moroccan writer and poet (the Rakhbam) of the 18th c.

Bene Israel soldier, subadar in the Anglo-Indian army, enlisted in the sixteenth regiment of indigenous infantry of Bengal in 1790 and promoted subadar on May 21, 1802. He was decorated with a bronze…

Polish scholar, born in Zamość, in the government of Lublin, in 1798, and died in Lemberg in 1873. After losing his early fortune, he made his living as a tutor in Galicia, drawing on his knowledge…

Austrian physician and writer, born in Sieniawa, Galicia, in 1797, and died in Krakow in 1860. After studies in philosophy and medicine in Berlin, he established himself as a physician in Krakow,…

Talmudic author, born in Kittsee (Köpcsény), Hungary, around 1775, and died in Presbourg on September 28, 1845. Disciple of Marcus Benedict, he devoted himself to rabbinic studies without exercising…

Russian rabbi and author, born in Wilna in 1797 and died in Lida on July 2, 1883, descendant of Rabbi Meïr Katzenellenbogen of Padua. Appointed in 1831 principal teacher of a newly founded yeshiva,…

German preacher, pedagogue and writer, born in Bernstadt, Silesia, on June 10, 1789, and died in Hamburg on October 4, 1867. Trained in Berlin under Fichte and Schleiermacher, he was called to…

Grand dayan and preacher of Brody, in Galicia, born in Komarów, in Russian Poland, in 1783, and died in Brody on June 9, 1869. Rabbi successively in Rawa, Kulikow, and Jozefów, then preacher and,…

Christian Hebraicist German scholar, born in Osnabrück in 1747 and died on April 2, 1792. He published in Jena, between 1772 and 1780, several philological studies on the Hebrew Bible, then a « Nova…

Hungarian Talmudist born in Vágújhely around 1765, died in Rechnitz on December 29, 1850, where he became rabbi in 1822; his family then took the name Engelsmann. Strictly Orthodox, he opposed any…

Hazan in Munich, Bavaria, born toward the end of the 18th century, predecessor of Salomon Naumbourg, future great cantor of Paris. He was the first in Germany to abolish the irregular singing of the…

German physician from Ulm, active in Ferrara in the 17th and 18th centuries. His name, Kokabi, translates into Hebrew his German name, Stern (« star »), which he latinizes into Stella. He is the…

Austrian Talmudist, born August 2, 1795 in Goltsch-Jenikau, Bohemia, and died in that same city on October 26, 1881. Trained solely by his father, who headed a yeshiva, he took over its direction…

German military commissioner, born on September 15, 1775 in Breslau and died in 1851. Having become Blücher's commissioner in 1806, in charge of the Prussian royal war treasury, he received the order…

Rabbi and Turkish writer, active in Rhodes in the first half of the 18th century, son-in-law of R. Moïse Israël, author of the « Masse'ot Mosheh ». He is the author of the « Ma'amar Mordekhaï »…

Austrian philosopher and historian, born in Brody, in Galicia, on February 17, 1785, and died in Tarnopol on July 31, 1840. Married at fourteen, he settled at his father-in-law's in Żółkiew, where he…

Russian teacher and author, born in Tukums, in Courland, on February 1, 1793, and died in Mitau in 1831. Trained by rabbis J. W. Blumenfeld and M. Ezekiel as well as at the district school of his…

Christian advocate for the emancipation of the Jews, born on 22 June 1770 near Wittenberg and died in Leipzig on 12 January 1842. Professor of philosophy in Frankfurt an der Oder, in Königsberg —…

Frankist leader, active in Galicia in the eighteenth century. Rabbi of Nadwórna before joining the Frankist movement at its birth and becoming its leader, he was sent to represent the Frankists at a…

German poet, born in 1731 in Breslau and died in that same city on April 3, 1790. Intended by his parents for the study of the Talmud, he turned to his father's business, then entered in 1763 into…

Rabbi and Polish cabalist, born in Kuty, in Galicia, and died in Jerusalem around 1760, follower of the practical Kabbalah of Isaac Louria and recognized as an authority on rabbinic matters, one of…

Christian Hebraist, born in Vaucouleurs on January 3, 1709 and died in Paris on December 29, 1765, a versatile mind who distinguished himself equally in belles-lettres, mathematics, philosophy and…

Austrian merchant, born in Tuschkau, near Pilsen in Bohemia, on August 28, 1766, and died in Vienna on April 18, 1845. He founded a trading house at the age of twenty-one in Prague and rendered…

Christian Hebraist English scholar, born in Bath in 1760 and died in Dublin in 1838. Appointed royal professor of Hebrew and canon of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1814, then archbishop of Cashel, in…

Hebraist, poet, and Russian grammarian, born in Vilna around 1789 and died in that city on November 19, 1878. Trained as a Talmudist, he became passionate about Hebrew grammar from age eleven, then…

German pedagogue, born in Memmelbach, Bavaria, on November 16, 1800, and died in Berlin on September 1, 1876, trained in Talmud in Fürth and then in Pressburg under Moses Sofer, before receiving from…

rabbi

Dutch pedagogue, born in Naarden on November 5, 1785, and died in Amsterdam on October 17, 1832, trained by his father and, in mathematics, by Littwack. Becoming a professor of religion, he took over…

Dutch physician and activist for the emancipation of Jews, born in the mid-eighteenth century and died at an advanced age in Amsterdam on December 5, 1823. Appointed physician to the poor in…

German poet and critic, born on 22 January 1729 at Kamenz, in Upper Lusatia, and died on 15 February 1781 at Brunswick. His quest for freedom of thought led him to a sympathetic attitude toward Jews:…

German historian and poet, born in Soldin, in the Neumark, on January 18, 1784, and died by suicide between Kropstadt and Wittenberg on September 2, 1831. He interrupted his medical studies to fight…

Rabbi of Demnate. Period not specified by the source. Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 80-3.

Galician Talmudist who lived in Brody in the first half of the eighteenth century. He is the author of "Bet Lewi" (Zolkiev, 1732), a collection of halakhic novellae and explanations of difficult…

Rabbi of Meknès, 18th century. Mentioned in 5467 of the Hebrew era (1707). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 80-2.

Rabbi of Marrakech, 18th century. Mentioned in 5492 of the Hebrew era (1732). Listed in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 92-2.

German traveler, born in Horn, in the principality of Lippe, in 1702, and died in Amsterdam on February 1, 1785. Sent to study from the age of five to Brog, near Lemgo, where he remained until 1714,…

Converted to Christianity under the name of Joseph Jean François Élie, born in Haguenau in 1721, son of a Jewish commissioner. He left for Paris in March 1751 for a lawsuit, converted there and was…

Hebraist and author, born in London in 1742 and died in 1801. At first destined for the rabbinate, he was put to apprenticeship with a shoemaker and then launched into the hat-making business,…

Rabbi in Alexandria and Siena, died in 1790, author of the hymns composed for the reconsecration of the Siena synagogue in 1786, printed the same year in the "Seder Zemirot we-Limmud" in Livorno.

Italian physician, born in Guastalla in 1796 and died in Venice on December 27, 1859. Graduated in medicine from the University of Padua in 1817, he settled in Venice, where he practiced until his…

Polish scholar and author, also known by the names Lefin and Satanower, born in Satanow, Podolia, around 1741, died in Mykolaiv in 1819. Trained in Talmud, he turned to secular sciences after reading…

Russian-Hebrew scholar and writer born in Kremenets on 13 October 1788, died in the same city on 12 February 1860. Trained from childhood in Talmud and Bible, he settled at eighteen in Radzivilov,…

German surgeon born in Berlin in a family called "Schnaber," died in Hamburg on February 10, 1797. Trained under David Fränkel, the Grand Rabbi of Berlin, he went to England where he studied under…

Patriot of the American Revolution, founder of Aaronsburg, in Pennsylvania ; born in Amsterdam in 1742, died in Philadelphia on February 23, 1815. Settled early in Pennsylvania, he trades with the…

Alsatian martyr born in Wittolsheim, executed in Colmar on December 31, 1754. Wrongly accused, with three other Jews, of stealing from the house of a widow, he refuses to confess under torture and is…

French mathematician and mineralogist born in Paris in 1794, died in the same city on June 26, 1841. Graduate of the École normale, where he taught mathematics (1814-15), he stayed in England until…

Colonial resident of Philadelphia who signs, on November 7, 1765, with other citizens, the pledge not to import English goods as long as the Stamp Act is not repealed, then is appointed, on December…

German musician born on March 3, 1796 in Sankt Avold, Lorraine, died on June 3, 1846 in Vienna. Trained by his father, musician of the Duke of Deux-Ponts, then at the Paris Conservatory, he served in…

Colonial resident of New York before the Revolution, he took refuge in Philadelphia during the British occupation and presented on August 26, 1779 a petition to the Continental Congress seeking…

Colonial merchant of New York born in 1721, died in the same city in 1789. Active from a young age in the fur trade from 1760, he signed in 1770 in New York resolutions of non-importation, went…

English philanthropist born in London in 1706, died in that same city on 20 January 1803, daughter of Moses Hart, founder of the Great Synagogue of London, and wife of financier Elias Levy. Having…

Founder of the first Jewish cemetery in Philadelphia, born in February 1704, died in Philadelphia on 23 December 1753, probably came from New York, where a merchant of this name belonged in 1730 to…

German philanthropist born in Berlin in June 1761, died in the same city on March 11, 1854, daughter of Daniel Itzig and wife of Berlin banker Samuel Levy. Sought after by French diplomatic circles…

American naval officer born in Philadelphia on April 22, 1792, died in New York on March 22, 1862. Apprentice sailor in 1806, he obtained on October 23, 1812 a commission as master of maneuvers in…

Russian physician born in 1741, died in Vilna on February 10, 1827. Trained at the University of Halle, he went to Saint Petersburg but, his religious confession preventing him from settling there,…

Hebraist and Polish Talmudist born in Lublin, in Russian Poland, on July 15, 1787, died in Odessa on January 17, 1870, known for his works of charity towards poor students as much as for his biblical…

Rabbi of Plonsk, in the government of Warsaw, in the eighteenth century. He is the author of "Zera' Abraham" (Dyhernfurth, 1811), a commentary on the Sifré accompanied by biblical and talmudic…

German mathematician born in Hanover in 1759, died in Berlin on December 5, 1849. He is the author of « Reshit Limmudim », a manual of natural sciences published in two parts — physics and geography…

English communal activist born in London on August 14, 1772, died in the same city on February 26, 1852, uncle of Lord Beaconsfield, whom he circumcised himself. Closely connected to the Bevis Marks…

English author and historian born in 1783, died in London on 11 June 1865, who spent the first part of his life in Saint-Thomas, where he became a prominent merchant and presided over the local…

Planter and merchant of South Carolina, probably born in England, died in Charleston on April 26, 1774, renowned for his expertise in the cochineal and indigo trade. Established in Charleston in…

Physician to the count at Galgóc and notable Hebraist; member of the same Bettelheim family of Pressburg. Family tradition links the name to the episode of an ancestor known as « Bethlen-Jude ».

German poet

Polish scholar who lived in Kleczewo at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He publishes with the text, in Frankfurt an der Oder (1792), a double commentary on the "Beḥinat 'Olam" of…

Rabbi and eminent talmudist of the second half of the eighteenth century, descendant of Joshua Falk Cohen of Lvov and of the Maharal of Prague, student of R. Moses Zerah Eidlitz of Prague. Dayan in…

Dutch mathematician born in Poland around 1760, died on January 15, 1836, buried in Ouderveen. Disciple of Moses Mendelssohn, he settles in Amsterdam, where he becomes one of the most prominent…

Lithuanian rabbi of the 17th and 18th centuries. His notes on Rashi and on the Pentateuch commentaries of Elijah Mizrahi are published, under the title "Ḥiddoushé Maharsha", together with the…

Hasidic rabbi from the early movement, died in Yaltushkov, in Podolia, around 1797, the most mysterious figure among the Hasidic wonder-working rabbis of the late eighteenth century. He constantly…

Polish rabbi of the 18th century, author of « Pene Aryeh » (Novidvor, 1787), Talmudic novellae accompanied by the fascicule « Ḳontres Mille de-Abot », gathering the novellae of his father and…

German Rabbi (1737–1814)