XIIth century CE

Grandson of Rashi and a major figure of the Tosafists, he led the talmudic school of Ramerupt in Champagne. His halakhic rulings left a lasting mark on Ashkenazi Judaism.

One of the most celebrated and venerated tzaddikim of Moroccan Judaism, whose tomb stands on a mountain approximately 16 km from the village of Agouim, between Ouarzazate and Marrakech; his hiloula…

Master established in Morocco with whom Maimonides came to study Torah after leaving Córdoba (Spain), at a time when Morocco was renowned as a center of study.

Samuel ben Meir, grandson of Rashi, was a biblical commentator devoted to the literal sense (peshat) and a Tosafist. He also commented on talmudic tractates left unfinished by his grandfather.

Alleged martyr of a ritual murder accusation in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England, in 1181. The circumstances of his death are not known, but the expulsion of Jews from the city, ten years later, is…

Salomon ben Abraham ibn Daoud, physician and translator, belonged according to Kaufmann and Gross to the family of the Spanish translator Abraham ben David ha-Lévi of Toledo. He translates under the…

Salomon ben Isaac of Orléans, French tosafist of the twelfth century, is the senior colleague of tosafist Joseph ben Isaac of Orléans, with whom he co-signs responsa. Eliezer ben Joel ha-Levi, citing…

Solomon ben Méir, French biblical grammarian and exegete of the 12th century, grandson of Rachi, is the brother of the tosafists Isaac ben Méir (RIBaM), Samuel ben Méir (RaSHBaM) and Jacob Tam —…

Salomon ibn Zaqbel, Spanish poet of the twelfth century, relative of Abou Omar Joseph ibn Sahl, who died in 1124, is the author of a satirical novel composed in the manner of Arabic "Maqamat," a…

Solomon the Egyptian, physician to the Byzantine emperor Emmanuel Comnène, lived in Constantinople in the second half of the 12th century. According to Benjamin of Tudela, who visited the city in…

Author of the Tosafot of Sens, departed for the Holy Land around 1211.

Tosafist of the twelfth century, grandfather of the Tosafists Isaac b. Abraham of Dampierre and Samson of Sens, in scholarly correspondence with Jacob Tam, who esteemed him greatly. He is the author…

person associated with Hebrew manuscripts

French Tosafist of the 12th and 13th centuries, disciple and correspondent of Isaac b. Samuel the Elder of Dampierre, mentioned in the Tosafot, the « Or Zarua' » and the « Haggahot Maimuniyyot »…

Leader of the Erfurt community in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Author of several piyyoutim, including five for marriages celebrated on a Sabbath and others for the Friday evening service and…

Tosafist, liturgical poet, and twelfth-century philosopher, surnamed « the Prophet », who seems to have lived in Spain and then in France. He is cited in the tosafot and by Samuel b. Meïr (Rachbam),…

French liturgical poet, author of a « reshout » in Aramaic recited with the targoum of the haftara of Shavuot, composed of sixty rhymed hemistichs and signed « Samuel ha-Ketabi ». According to Gross,…

Masorite and grammarian of the twelfth century, author of a grammatical work, the « Deyaqout », preserved in the Royal Library of Berlin, which treats various points of grammar and accentuation and…

French Orthodox rabbi

Scholar of the 12th century, student of Rashi, author of several works that remained mostly in manuscript form: notes on the construction of the Tabernacle edited by Berliner in 1864, an exegesis of…

Tosafist of the early 12th century, student of Rashi and probably the father-in-law of Samuel b. Meïr, cited as a tosafist in several Talmudic treatises. The Sefer ha-Likkoutim is attributed to him,…

German tosafist of the first half of the twelfth century, student of the tosafist Isaac b. Asher, considered an eminent authority on religious rites; Jacob b. Meïr Tam himself consulted him on a…

French physician

Rabbi of Fès, twelfth century. Mentioned in 4874 of the Hebrew era (1114). Recorded in Malkhei Rabbanan (Yosef Ben Naim, 1931), f. 120-4.

Simḥa b. Samuel of Vitry, French Talmudist of the eleventh and twelfth centuries who died in 1105, was a disciple of Rashi and the compiler of the Maḥzor of Vitry, which brings together decisions and…

French scholar and liturgical poet, active in Narbonne in the first half of the twelfth century, son of Kalonymus the Great, a renowned scholar of Narbonne in the eleventh century. A war of…

French Jewish rabbi

French merchant and rabbi

Tosafist and liturgical poet, martyred in York, England, in March 1190, when the Jews of the city, sheltering in the fortress and cornered by the crowd after several days of resistance, chose on his…

Almoravid king of Spain in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the sole Almoravid sovereign hostile to Jews, whom he attempted for a time to force to convert to Islam. Passing through Lucena in 1105,…

Rabbi, Talmudist

Talmudic author and liturgical poet of the twelfth century, disciple of Moses ben Joseph of Narbonne, from the Spanish family Yiẓhari of Girona before settling in Lunel, where he taught — his student…

Born in Gérone, active in Lunel, author of the Sefer ha-Maor criticizing the Rif.