The kibbutz movement and the collective utopia
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Region: Palestine / Israël
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The kibbutz is a community founded on the collective ownership of property, communal labor, and an egalitarian organization of social life. The first of them, Degania, was established in 1909–1910 on the shores of the Sea of Galilee by pioneers of the Second Aliyah. Inspired by socialist and Zionist ideals, the kibbutz movement aimed to create a new Jewish "man," rooted in the land and freed from the structures of the diaspora. The kibbutzim played a major role in agricultural settlement, defense, and the political life of the yishuv and then of the State of Israel, despite their limited demographic weight. Over time, many underwent transformations and partial privatization, but this original social experiment left a lasting mark on Israeli culture.
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Sources & resources
- Encyclopaedia Judaica — 2e éd., Keter/Macmillan
- Jewish Virtual Library ↗
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