Mendelssohn's Biur, Enlightenment translation and commentary

The Biur is the project of a German translation of the Torah, written in Hebrew characters, accompanied by a Hebrew commentary, launched by Moses Mendelssohn and his collaborators from 1780. Aiming to give German Jews a refined access to the language and the plain sense of the text, it became a manifesto of the Haskalah. It also aroused strong opposition from traditional circles.