Post-Holocaust Theology and the Question of Evil

After the Holocaust, Jewish thinkers acutely reopened the question of evil, the suffering of the innocent, and the presence or absence of God in history. Very diverse positions emerged, from Richard Rubenstein to Emil Fackenheim, including Eliezer Berkovits, Abraham Joshua Heschel, and Hans Jonas. This theological field interrogates the covenant, divine silence, and faithfulness after catastrophe.