The Dreyfus Affair and its consequences
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Region: France
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The Dreyfus Affair erupted in 1894 with the unjust conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer falsely accused of treason on behalf of Germany. The revelation of judicial errors and manipulations deeply divided France between Dreyfusards and anti-Dreyfusards, with the writer Émile Zola publishing his celebrated "J'accuse…!" in 1898. The affair unleashed a virulent antisemitic wave and called into question the achievements of Jewish emancipation and republican universalism. Theodor Herzl, who witnessed it as a journalist, saw in it a confirmation of the necessity of a Jewish state, at the genesis of his Zionist commitment. Dreyfus was finally rehabilitated in 1906. The affair left a lasting imprint on French political life and on the Memory of modern antisemitism.
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Sources & resources
- Encyclopaedia Judaica — 2e éd., Keter/Macmillan
- Jewish Virtual Library ↗
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