5,200 figures who shaped the history of the Jewish people and of humanity
This gallery brings together the figures who mark the history of the Jewish people — patriarchs and prophets, kings and exiles, sages of the Talmud, rabbis, philosophers, kabbalists, scholars, writers — and those who, without belonging to it, shaped the world in which this history was written: pharaohs of Egypt, kings of Babylon and Persia, emperors of Rome and Byzantium, caliphs, princes and reformers, thinkers and witnesses of the great upheavals. Presented in chronological order, grouped by era and then by century, they trace a fresco of 58 centuries, from the first pharaoh who unified Egypt to the contemporaries of the 21st century. Each entry aims to be brief — a portrait, some dates, a few traits to situate the person in their time and, when it sheds light on the narrative, within the thread of biblical and Jewish history. The chronological thread on the left allows you to travel freely from one era to another.
Sumer, Egypt, Canaan — the backdrop of the patriarchal world.
The first man according to Genesis 1-5, created on the sixth day in the image of God and placed in Eden. Jewish tradition dates his creation to year 1 of the Hebrew calendar (c. 3760 BCE) — strikingly close to the rise of Mesopotamian proto-cities. He named the animals, transgressed, mourned Abel, and lived 930 years.
First of the seven legendary sages (apkallū) of Eridu in Sumerian tradition. A priest of Enki, he was summoned to heaven by Anu after offending the south wind, and missed immortality by refusing food and drink — a primordial figure often compared to Adam of Genesis.
Legendary king of Shuruppak, the last ruler before the Flood according to the Sumerian King List. Warned by Enki, he built an ark and survived — known as Atrahasis in the Akkadian poem and Utnapishtim in Gilgamesh. Direct precursor of biblical Noah.
A recurring figure on Uruk-period seals and sculpture: a bearded man in long netted skirt with headband, holding spear or sling, sometimes worshipping Inanna. Known by the Sumerian title EN ("lord"), he embodies the first attested model of Mesopotamian sacred kingship — combining political, military and priestly functions.
A predynastic ruler of Hierakonpolis (Naqada IIc), owner of "Painted Tomb 100" — the first Egyptian tomb with painted walls (discovered 1898). Its murals show boats, hunting, ritual combat, and a chief brandishing a mace over bound enemies — the iconographic prototype of pharaonic kingship.
A predynastic king of Abydos (Dynasty 0), probable owner of tomb U-j (excavated 1988 by Günter Dreyer). His burial contained ~200 inscribed bone and ivory tags — possibly the earliest known Egyptian writing, contemporary with the proto-cuneiform tablets of Uruk IV. Not to be confused with the later Scorpion II.
A predynastic king (Dynasty 0) attested at Abydos through inscribed pottery (Horus falcon over a "mouth" sign), and through rock inscriptions in Sinai (Wadi Ameyra). His existence, established only in the 1980s-90s, extends pre-pharaonic kingship by several generations.
A predynastic king (Dynasty 0), immediate predecessor of Narmer, attested by serekhs (early royal cartouches) on jars found in Upper Egypt, the Delta and even southern Palestine (Tel Lod, Tel Erani). First king whose name systematically appears in a serekh.
Second pharaoh of the First Dynasty, probable son of Narmer. He consolidated the unification of Egypt and founded the city of Memphis. The inscriptions of his reign are among the earliest documents of Egyptian history.
Legendary king of Uruk in Mesopotamia, mentioned in the earliest Sumerian tablets. According to tradition, he is said to have founded the city of Uruk and established the first trade routes. Some scholars identify him with the biblical Nimrod (Genesis 10:8-12).
First pharaoh of unified Egypt, founder of the First Dynasty. The Narmer Palette, discovered at Hierakonpolis, is one of the oldest known historical documents. His reign marks the beginning of Egyptian civilization, which would form the setting of biblical history.
Predynastic king of Egypt, probable predecessor of Narmer. His ceremonial mace head, found at Hierakonpolis, bears one of the oldest depictions of an Egyptian ruler. It attests to the emergence of the centralized state in the Nile Valley.
Legendary shepherd-king of Uruk and husband of the goddess Inanna in Sumerian mythology. His cycle of love poems and his descent into the underworld constitute one of the founding myths of Mesopotamian literature, with echoes in the Song of Songs.
Semi-legendary king of Uruk, hero of the oldest known epic. The Flood narrative in the Epic of Gilgamesh presents striking parallels with the biblical account of Noah (Genesis 6-9), attesting to a shared Mesopotamian substratum.
King of Ur whose royal tomb, excavated by Leonard Woolley, revealed an exceptional treasure. The royal tombs of Ur illustrate the Sumerian civilization that forms the cultural backdrop of the account of Abraham, who came from Ur of the Chaldeans.
Queen of Ur whose royal burial, one of the richest ever discovered in Mesopotamia, contained a gold diadem and sumptuous jewelry. Her tomb attests to the high status of women in Sumerian civilization.
Vizier and architect of Khufu, master builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza. His statue, preserved at the Hildesheim Museum, is one of the oldest realistic portraits in history. He embodies the technical genius of the Old Kingdom.
Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza. His reign represents the apogee of the Old Kingdom Egyptian civilization, within whose context the biblical patriarchal tradition is set.
Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, builder of the second pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx. His funerary complex illustrates the power of Egyptian divine monarchy at its zenith.
Founding pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, innovator in pyramid construction (the Bent Pyramid of Dahshur). His reign marks the transition toward the golden age of the Old Kingdom.
Pharaoh of the Third Dynasty who had the Step Pyramid of Saqqara built, the first monumental stone construction in history. His reign inaugurates the era of the great pyramids.
Queen of Egypt, mother of Khufu. Her secret tomb, discovered at Giza, contained funerary furnishings of extraordinary richness, a unique testimony to the art and daily life of the royal court of the Old Kingdom.
Last pharaoh of the Second Dynasty, he reunified Egypt after a period of unrest. His funerary enclosure at Abydos is the oldest stone building in Egypt. He paved the way for the Third Dynasty and the age of the pyramids.
Founder of the First Dynasty of Ur, the first king attested by inscriptions and the Sumerian King List. His reign marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic period in Mesopotamia.
King of Lagash who erected the Stele of the Vultures, one of the oldest monuments commemorating a military victory. Its inscription is among the earliest known narrative historical texts.
High priestess of Ur, daughter of Sargon of Akkad. The first known author in history, her hymns to the goddess Inanna are the oldest signed literary texts. She is regarded as humanity's first poet.
King of Umma and then of Uruk, he briefly unified all of Mesopotamia before being defeated by Sargon of Akkad. His victory stele bears witness to the first attempt at a Mesopotamian empire and to the transition between the Sumerian city-states and the Akkadian Empire.
King of Lagash, author of the oldest known code of social reforms, predating the Code of Hammurabi. His reforms in favor of the poor and widows prefigure biblical social ethics.
Architect, physician, and vizier of Pharaoh Djoser. Considered the first universal genius in history, he was deified after his death. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, attributed to him, is the oldest known medical treatise.
Legendary king of Uruk, father of Gilgamesh according to Sumerian tradition. The accounts concerning him are among the oldest literary works of humanity and nourish the Mesopotamian mythological substratum.
Pharaoh of the Tenth Dynasty, recipient of the Instruction for Merikare, one of humanity's oldest treatises of political wisdom. This text, which advocates justice and royal clemency, foreshadows biblical wisdom literature.
Vizier of Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi, author of the Maxims of Ptahhotep, one of humanity's oldest collections of wisdom. His teachings on justice, humility, and measured speech prefigure biblical wisdom literature (Proverbs).
King of Kish, the oldest Mesopotamian ruler attested by contemporary inscriptions. His existence confirms the partial historicity of the Sumerian King List.
Pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, builder of the solar temple at Abu Ghurab. This temple, dedicated to the god Ra, attests to the growing importance of the solar cult in Egypt, a religious context that would be transformed by the monotheistic revolution.
Last pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, the first to have the Pyramid Texts inscribed in his burial at Saqqara. These funerary texts are the oldest known religious writings and constitute a major source on the beliefs of ancient Egypt.
Pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty, known for his trade expeditions to the land of Punt. The reliefs of his funerary temple at Abusir are among the most beautiful of ancient Egyptian art.
Poet and high priestess, daughter of Sargon of Akkad installed at Ur. Her poetic compositions and temple hymns are among the first literary works attributable to an identified author in history.
Egyptian governor and explorer, he led four expeditions into Nubia under the Sixth Dynasty. His autobiography, carved in his tomb at Aswan, is one of the oldest known travel narratives, including a letter from the young pharaoh Pepi II.
Pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty whose reign of 94 years is the longest in history. The end of his reign marks the collapse of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the First Intermediate Period.
Founder of the Akkadian Empire, the first empire in history. His birth narrative (abandoned in a basket on the river) presents a striking parallel with that of Moses (Exodus 2:1-10).
Governor of Lagash, famous for his numerous statues and detailed inscriptions. Builder of the Eninnu temple, his texts constitute a major source on Sumerian religion and culture.
Son of Sargon of Akkad and king of the Akkadian Empire. His obelisk, preserved at the Louvre, details the first documented land transaction in history, illustrating the emergence of property law in the ancient Near East.
Grandson of Sargon of Akkad, he brought the Akkadian Empire to its apogee. His famous victory stele, preserved at the Louvre, is a masterpiece of Mesopotamian art. He was the first king to deify himself during his lifetime.
Son of Sargon of Akkad, he fought the Sumerian and Elamite revolts to maintain the Akkadian Empire. His victory inscriptions document the ethnic and political tensions of the first empire in history.
King of the Third Dynasty of Ur, son of Shulgi. Under his reign, the Sumerian bureaucracy reached an unrivaled degree of sophistication, with thousands of administrative tablets documenting every aspect of the state economy.
King of Isin, author of the Code of Lipit-Ishtar, one of the oldest known legal codes, written in Sumerian. His laws on property, family, and slavery prefigure the provisions of the Code of Hammurabi and of biblical legislation.
Son of Ur-Nammu, he brought the Third Dynasty of Ur to its apogee. A great reformer, he standardized weights and measures and founded the first scribal schools. Ur was then the city from which, according to tradition, Abraham came.
Founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur, author of the oldest known law code, predating the Code of Hammurabi by three centuries. His code established principles of social justice that would find echo in the Torah.
Last king of the Third Dynasty of Ur, whose fall at the hands of the Elamites and Amorites marks the end of Sumerian civilization. This period corresponds traditionally to the era of the patriarchal migrations.
Founder of the dynasty of Isin, which took over from Ur as the center of Mesopotamian culture. His successors compiled legal collections that influenced biblical law.
Pharaoh of the Eleventh Dynasty who reunified Egypt after the First Intermediate Period, founding the Middle Kingdom. His funerary temple at Deir el-Bahari is one of the architectural masterpieces of ancient Egypt.
Pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom, he led campaigns in Nubia and Canaan. The Execration Texts of his era, curses against Egypt's enemies, mention Jerusalem (Rushalimum) — one of the earliest attestations of the holy city.
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob — the Covenant and the twelve tribes.
Founding patriarch of Abrahamic monotheism, father of the Jewish people. A native of Ur of the Chaldeans according to Genesis (11:31), he received the divine Covenant and the promise of the Land of Israel. A founding figure of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Eldest son of Abraham and Hagar (Genesis 16, 21). Ancestor of the Ishmaelites and, according to Islamic tradition, ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad. His reconciliation with Isaac at Abraham's funeral (Genesis 25:9) symbolizes the potential brotherhood among the Abrahamic peoples.
Nephew of Abraham, he settled in Sodom (Genesis 13-19). Ancestor of the Moabites and the Ammonites, he is an ambivalent figure in the Bible. Ruth the Moabite, his descendant, is the ancestor of King David and of the messianic lineage.
Matriarch of the Jewish people, wife of Abraham. According to Genesis, she gave birth to Isaac at the age of 90. Rabbinic tradition regards her as a prophetess and a model of faith. The Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron is dedicated to her.
Eldest son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. Ancestor of the Edomites, he sold his birthright for a dish of lentils (Genesis 25:29-34). Rabbinic tradition makes him the ancestor of Rome and of Western civilization, in contrast with the lineage of Jacob/Israel.
Second patriarch, son of Abraham and Sarah. The episode of the Binding of Isaac (Akedat Yitzhak, Genesis 22) is one of the founding narratives of Judaism, a symbol of absolute faith and of the relationship between God and his people.
Third patriarch, father of the twelve tribes of Israel. Renamed Israel after his struggle with the angel (Genesis 32:29), he is the eponymous ancestor of the Jewish people. His story illustrates the themes of exile, return, and blessing.
Matriarch of the Jewish people, wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau. A figure of prophetic discernment, it was she who directed the paternal blessing toward Jacob, ensuring the continuity of the Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis 27).
King of Babylon, author of the famous Code that bears his name. The parallels between the Code of Hammurabi and biblical laws (Exodus 21-23) illuminate the Mesopotamian legal context in which the Torah is set.
Son of Jacob, sold by his brothers and become vizier of Egypt (Genesis 37-50). His story, one of the most elaborate narratives in the Bible, illustrates divine providence and prefigures the exile and redemption of the Jewish people.
Fourth son of Jacob and Leah, ancestor of the royal tribe of Judah. His speech before Joseph (Genesis 44) is considered one of the finest pleas in the Bible. From his tribe would come David, Solomon, and the messianic lineage.
Daughter-in-law of Judah (Genesis 38), she obtained justice by cunning when Judah refused to give her his son in levirate marriage. Judah acknowledged: "She is more righteous than I." An ancestor of the royal lineage of David, she stands among the women who shaped the history of Israel.
Pharaoh who founded the New Kingdom of Egypt, who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt. Some scholars see in the expulsion of the Hyksos a historical echo of the Exodus narrative, the Hyksos being sometimes identified with the Hebrews.
Third son of Jacob and Leah, ancestor of the priestly tribe. His descendants, the Levites, would be consecrated to the service of the Temple. Moses and Aaron are his great-grandsons. The tribe of Levi received no territory but Levitical cities (Numbers 35).
Theban pharaoh who launched the war of liberation against the Hyksos. His mummy, bearing terrible battle wounds, attests to the violence of this struggle. His sacrifice opened the way to the reunification of Egypt by his son Ahmose.
King of Mari whose archives (more than 20,000 tablets) constitute a major source on the ancient Near East. The Mari texts mention peoples and practices that illuminate the world of the biblical patriarchs.
Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, his reign represents the height of the luxury and diplomacy of the New Kingdom. The Amarna Letters, an international diplomatic correspondence found at his capital, illuminate the political world in which biblical history unfolds.
Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, one of the few women to have reigned over Egypt. Her prosperous reign and her expeditions to the land of Punt mark the apogee of the New Kingdom, the context of the pre-Mosaic period.
Architect and counselor of Hatshepsut, designer of her funerary temple at Deir el-Bahari. His astronomical ceiling is the oldest known celestial atlas. Of modest origin, he illustrates the meritocracy of New Kingdom Egypt.
Conquering pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, often called the "Napoleon of ancient Egypt." His campaigns in Canaan established Egyptian dominion over the future Land of Israel. Some consider him the pharaoh of the oppression.
Bondage, Exodus, Moses, entry into Canaan, Judges.
Revolutionary pharaoh who imposed the exclusive cult of Aten, the solar disk. His "monotheistic revolution" has prompted countless debates about its possible links with Mosaic monotheism. Freud likened him to Moses.
Great royal wife of Akhenaten, she played a central role in the Atenist religious revolution. Her bust, preserved in Berlin, is one of the most famous works of art of antiquity.
Founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty, a former vizier who became pharaoh. Although his reign was brief, he inaugurated the line of the Ramesses that dominated Egyptian history for a century and constitutes the most likely historical setting of the biblical Exodus.
Great Hittite king who transformed Anatolia into an imperial power rival to Egypt. His diplomatic correspondence (Amarna Letters) illuminates the international relations of the ancient Near East, the backdrop of the pre-Mosaic biblical world.
Brother of Moses, first High Priest (Kohen Gadol) of Israel. Ancestor of the priestly lineage of the Cohanim, he embodies the ideal of peace and reconciliation in the rabbinic tradition: "Love peace and pursue peace" (Pirkei Avot 1:12).
One of the twelve scouts sent by Moses into Canaan (Numbers 13). With Joshua, he was the only one to encourage the conquest, which earned him entry into the Promised Land. At 85, he conquered Hebron. A model of courage and faithfulness, he embodies perseverance in the face of adversity.
Supreme prophet of Judaism, liberator of the Hebrew people from slavery in Egypt and mediator of the Covenant at Sinai. The Torah (Pentateuch), foundational text of Judaism, is traditionally attributed to him. Moses remains the most decisive figure in Jewish history.
Elder sister of Moses and Aaron, prophetess of Israel (Exodus 15:20). She watched over the infant Moses in the reeds of the Nile and led the song of victory after the crossing of the Red Sea. Talmudic tradition attributes to her the "well of Miriam" that accompanied the Hebrews in the desert.
Successor of Moses, he led the conquest of the Promised Land (Book of Joshua). Military and spiritual leader, he renewed the Covenant at Shechem and divided the territory among the twelve tribes of Israel.
Grandson of Aaron, he received the Covenant of perpetual peace (Numbers 25:12-13) for his zeal in the service of God. Tradition places him at the origin of the lineage of High Priests who officiated at the First Temple of Jerusalem.
Last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom, he repelled the invasion of the Sea Peoples (including the Philistines) who then settled on the coast of Canaan. His reign marks the geopolitical context of the period of the Judges in Israel.
Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty whose intact tomb, discovered in 1922, revealed the splendors of ancient Egypt. His reign marked the return to polytheism after the monotheistic parenthesis of Akhenaten.
Prophetess and judge of Israel (Judges 4-5). Her song of victory is one of the oldest poems of the Hebrew Bible. A figure of female leadership, she guided Israel in the battle against Sisera and the Canaanites.
Judge of Israel who, with only 300 men, defeated the Midianites through a stratagem (Judges 7). He refused kingship, declaring: "The Lord shall rule over you." His victory illustrates the biblical theme of strength in weakness.
Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, son of Ramesses II. His victory stele (c. 1208 BCE) contains the oldest known mention of "Israel" outside the Bible, attesting to the existence of the people of Israel in Canaan at that time.
Pharaoh of the 19th dynasty, often identified as the pharaoh of the Exodus. His 66-year reign is marked by monumental constructions (Abu Simbel, Ramesseum). The Merneptah Stele, of his successor, contains the first extra-biblical mention of Israel.
Moabite convert to Judaism, model of loyalty and piety. Her story (Book of Ruth) is one of the most moving narratives in the Bible. Great-grandmother of King David, she is the proof that the messianic lineage also welcomes converts.
Judge of Israel endowed with superhuman strength (Judges 13-16). Popular hero of the resistance against the Philistines, his story illustrates the themes of the nazirite, temptation, and ultimate sacrifice for the freedom of the people.
Last of the Judges and first of the classical prophets. He anointed the first two kings of Israel—Saul then David—marking the transition from tribal theocracy to monarchy. The sanctuary of Shiloh was the religious center of his era.
First king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel (1 Samuel 10). A valiant but tormented warrior, his tragic trajectory — from divine election to downfall — constitutes one of the most psychologically profound narratives of the Hebrew Bible.
United monarchy, First Temple, divided kingdoms.
Wife of King David and mother of Solomon. A figure of resilience, she secured the succession of her son to the throne (1 Kings 1). Rabbinic tradition sees in her a woman of wisdom who influenced the writing of Proverbs 31 (Eshet Hayil).
Prophet of David's court, he dared to confront the king after the Bathsheba affair with the famous parable of the poor man and his ewe lamb (2 Samuel 12). He conveyed the Davidic Covenant and secured the succession of Solomon, embodying the prophetic role of moral conscience before power.
Second king of Israel, founder of the royal dynasty of Jerusalem. Poet and musician, he is the traditional author of the Psalms. The Davidic Covenant (2 Samuel 7) grounds the messianic hope of Judaism. The House of David is attested by the Tel Dan Stele.
Third king of Israel, son of David, builder of the First Temple of Jerusalem. Renowned for his proverbial wisdom, he is the traditional author of the Song of Songs, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes. His reign represents the biblical golden age.
Prophet and author of the shortest book of the Hebrew Bible, directed against Edom. His oracle on the fall of Edom and the triumph of the kingdom of God illustrates divine justice against the nations hostile to Israel.
Prophet of Israel, champion of monotheism against the prophets of Baal (1 Kings 18). According to tradition, he did not die but was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire. He is awaited as the precursor of the Messiah and invited to every Passover seder.
First king of the kingdom of Israel (North) after the schism. The separation of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah (931 BCE) is a major turning point in biblical history, prefiguring the themes of division and exile.
Legendary sovereign who visited King Solomon to test his wisdom (1 Kings 10). Their meeting symbolizes the international radiance of the kingdom of Israel at its apogee. Ethiopian tradition makes her the ancestor of the Solomonic dynasty.
Prophet of Israel, disciple and successor of Elijah. His numerous miracles (2 Kings 2-13)—resurrection, multiplication, healing—make him one of the most active prophets in the Bible. He exercised major political influence over the kings of Israel.
King of Israel who overthrew the dynasty of Omri and rooted out the cult of Baal (2 Kings 9-10). His reign is attested by the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (British Museum), where he appears prostrate before the king of Assyria — the oldest known portrait of a biblical figure.
Queen of Israel, wife of King Ahab. A Phoenician princess, she introduced the cult of Baal into Israel, provoking the opposition of the prophet Elijah. A controversial figure, she embodies in biblical tradition the danger of idolatry and foreign influence.
King of Israel, husband of Jezebel. A powerful sovereign and builder (ivory palace of Samaria), he is nevertheless condemned by the prophets for his compromise with the cult of Baal. The Battle of Qarqar (853) against Assyria is attested by extra-biblical sources.
Prophet of social justice, shepherd of Tekoa become the first writing prophet. His denunciations of injustice and the exploitation of the poor ("Let justice roll down like water," Amos 5:24) ground the prophetic tradition of social justice in Judaism.
One of the greatest prophets of Israel, counselor of the kings of Judah. His visions of universal peace ("They shall beat their swords into plowshares," Isaiah 2:4) and of the suffering servant deeply marked Judaism and Christianity. The Isaiah Scroll is the most famous manuscript of Qumran.
Prophet contemporary with Isaiah, native of Moresheth in Judah. His summary of the Jewish faith ("To do justice, to love mercy, to walk humbly with your God," Micah 6:8) is regarded as the quintessence of prophetic ethics.
King of Judah, religious reformer who resisted the siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib of Assyria (701 BCE). His Siloam Tunnel, a masterpiece of engineering, is attested by a Hebrew inscription discovered in situ and preserved in the Istanbul museum.
Prophet of the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE), he foretold the fall of Jerusalem while prophesying the restoration and the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34). His Lamentations are read on Tisha BeAv.
King of Judah who led the greatest religious reform in biblical history (2 Kings 22-23). The discovery of the "Book of the Torah" in the Temple during his reign is a founding event in the history of the biblical text.
King of Babylon who destroyed the First Temple of Jerusalem (586 BCE) and deported the Judean elite. This traumatic event founded the experience of exile (Galut) and transformed Judaism from a religion of the Temple into a religion of the Book.
Prophet of Judah, great-grandson of King Hezekiah. He prophesied the "Day of the Lord" as a day of universal judgment, but also as a day of purification and renewal. His message nourishes Jewish eschatology and the liturgy of the Dies Irae.
Babylon, Cyrus, rebuilding of the Temple.
King of Persia, liberator of the Jewish exiles from Babylon (539 BCE). His edict authorizing the return and the rebuilding of the Temple is reported in Ezra 1. Isaiah 45:1 calls him "messiah" (mashiah) — the only such occurrence for a non-Jew in the Bible.
Jewish sage at the court of Babylon, interpreter of Nebuchadnezzar's dreams. The Book of Daniel, with its apocalyptic visions of the four empires, founds the apocalyptic genre and nourishes messianic hope. His faithfulness in the lions' den is a model of constancy in faith.
Prophet-priest of the Babylonian exile, author of grandiose visions: the divine Chariot (Merkavah), the valley of dry bones (chapter 37), the future Temple. His visions are at the origin of Jewish mysticism (Maaseh Merkavah).
Descendant of the royal house of David, he led the first return from the exile in Babylon and laid the foundations of the Second Temple (Ezra 3). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah saw in him a messianic hope. He symbolizes the national restoration after the catastrophe of 586.
Priest and scribe, he led the second return from exile and restored the study of the Torah in Jerusalem. The Talmudic tradition (Sanhedrin 21b) holds that "had the Torah not been given through Moses, it could have been given through Ezra." He founded the Great Assembly (Knesset ha-Gedolah).
Queen of Persia and heroine of the Book of Esther (Megillah). Together with her uncle Mordecai, she saved the Jewish people from Haman's genocidal plot. The festival of Purim commemorates this event. The Scroll of Esther is the only biblical book in which God is not named.
2nd-century BCE Jewish leader, head of the Jewish forces during the Maccabean Revolt
Uncle and guardian of Esther, counselor at the Persian court. He uncovered Haman's plot and guided Esther in the rescue of the Jewish people. Tradition counts him among the members of the Great Assembly who fixed the biblical canon.
Athenian philosopher whose maieutic method (dialectical questioning) presents parallels with the Talmudic method of discussion and refutation. His trial and death for impiety resonate with the martyrdom of the Jewish sages under persecution.
King of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire. According to the Talmud (Yoma 69a), he met the High Priest Simon the Just at the gates of Jerusalem and bowed before him. The hellenization he initiated would profoundly transform Judaism.
Greek philosopher whose thought permeated medieval Jewish philosophy. Maimonides, Gersonides, and Ibn Gabirol sought to reconcile his metaphysics with biblical revelation. The Guide for the Perplexed is a dialogue between Jewish faith and Aristotelian reason.
Priest of Modiin, father of the Maccabee brothers. His refusal to sacrifice to the Greek idols and his cry "Whoever is for the Lord, let him follow me!" (1 Maccabees 2:27) triggered the Maccabean revolt, a decisive turning point in Jewish history.
Cupbearer to the king of Persia who became governor of Judea, he rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem in 52 days (Nehemiah 6:15). Together with Ezra, he reestablished the observance of the Torah and organized the post-exilic Jewish community.
Hellenization, Hasmoneans, Herod, destruction of 70 CE.
Sage of the Great Assembly, disciple of Simon the Just. His teaching "Be not like servants who serve the master for the sake of a reward" (Avot 1:3) lays the foundation of selfless ethics in Judaism.
Sage of Jerusalem, author of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), a collection of wisdom composed in Hebrew around 180 BCE. Although excluded from the Jewish canon, Hebrew fragments were found in the Cairo Genizah and at Qumran, attesting to its importance in Second Temple Judaism.
Pharaoh of Egypt who, according to tradition (Letter of Aristeas), commissioned the translation of the Torah into Greek (Septuagint) by 72 Jewish sages in Alexandria. This translation is one of the most important intellectual undertakings of antiquity.
High Priest of Jerusalem, one of the last members of the Great Assembly. The Talmud (Avot 1:2) records his teaching: "The world rests on three things: the Torah, divine service, and acts of loving-kindness." Ben Sira (Sirach 50) paints a grandiose portrait of him.
leader of the Hasmonean dynasty of the 2nd century BCE. Successor to Mattathias
Leader of the Maccabean revolt against the religious persecution of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. His victory and the purification of the Temple (164 BCE) are commemorated by the festival of Hanukkah. He embodies Jewish resistance for religious freedom.
high priest of Jerusalem
The only reigning queen of Judea (76-67 BCE), she presided over a golden age of peace and prosperity. An ally of the Pharisees, she fostered the rise of the rabbinic academies. The Talmud (Taanit 23a) evokes her reign as a blessed time when the rains fell abundantly.
Queen of Judea (76-67 BCE), the only woman to have reigned over an independent Jewish state. An ally of the Pharisees, she fostered the rise of rabbinic Judaism and presided over a period of peace and prosperity that the Talmud compares to a golden age.
Pharisee, president of the Sanhedrin and brother of Queen Salome Alexandra. He strengthened the authority of the rabbinic courts, instituted compulsory public education, and promoted the marriage contract (ketubah) to protect women.
Pharisee and nasi of the Sanhedrin in Judea
son of Mattathias, Jewish leader of the 2nd century BCE
Rabbi and Nasi of the Sanhedrin.
priest
Queen of Adiabene
King of Chalcis
King of Judea
King of Judea appointed by Rome, builder of the enlarged Second Temple (Herod's Temple), of Masada and of Caesarea. Despite his cruelty, his architectural work is considerable. The Western Wall (Kotel) is a remnant of his Temple.
first-century rabbi
One of the greatest masters of Judaism, president of the Sanhedrin. Founder of the school of Beit Hillel, he formulated the golden rule: "What is hateful to you, do not do to another — that is the whole Torah, the rest is commentary" (Shabbat 31a). His seven rules of interpretation found rabbinic hermeneutics.
tanna
Jewish philosopher of Alexandria, pioneer of biblical allegory and of the synthesis between Greek thought and Torah. His immense body of work influenced Christian theology and prefigured medieval Jewish philosophy. He led the Jewish delegation to the emperor Caligula.
Contemporary and intellectual rival of Hillel, co-president of the Sanhedrin. Founder of Beit Shammai (the school of Shammai), known for its strict halakhic positions. The debates between Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai structure the Mishna and embody the pluralism of rabbinic Judaism.
1st century CE rabbi and nasi
rabbi
Grandson of Honi, pious laborer whose prayers brought rain.
Tanna; halakhic traditions on the gates and rites of the Temple.
Grocer of Jerusalem, model of honesty; criticized the high priests.
Civil judge of Jerusalem cited in Mishna Ketubot for his rulings.
king of Chalcis
Uncompromising Tanna regarding his traditions; aphorisms in Pirké Avot.
1st century AD High Priest of Israel
Greek translator of the Hebrew Bible
Disciple of Shammai; advised Herod to restore the Temple.
Tanna of advanced age, halakhic authority consulted after Yavne.
Son of R. Zadok; testimonies on Jerusalem before the destruction.
Disciple of Yohanan b. Zakkai, praised as « overflowing source ».
Jewish scholar
1st-century CE Jewish rabbi and Tannaim sage
Disciple of Joshua b. Hananiah, renowned for his extreme charity.
Major disciple of Yohanan b. Zakkai, called « the Great »; excommunicated.
late 1st/early 2nd century Judean rabbi and tannaim (sage)
Tanna, mishnaic source on the structure of the Temple (« clear mishna »).
religious figure
Talmud figure
Romanized Jewish historian, author of The Jewish War and the Jewish Antiquities, essential sources on Second Temple Judaism. Commander in Galilee during the revolt, he became the historian of the destruction of Jerusalem.
Nassi, grandson of Hillel; master of the Law cited in the Acts.
Judean rabbi
Grandson of Hillel, president of the Sanhedrin and one of the greatest Pharisaic masters. The first to bear the title of Rabban ("our master"). The Mishna (Sotah 9:15) says: "Since the death of Rabban Gamaliel, reverence for the Torah has ceased."
Compiled the Megillat Taanit; reconciled the book of Ezekiel with the Torah.
Sage and miracle-worker renowned for his piety and answered prayers.
Mishnah Rabbi
2nd century Jewish rabbi and teacher
Founder of the school of Hillel; nassi; seven rules of hermeneutics.
Rain-maker; drew a circle and prayed until answered.
Interpreter (meturgeman) of Gamliel II; one of the Ten Martyrs.
Tanna, 13 rules of exegesis; methodological rival of R. Akiva.
king of Adiabene
2nd century Jewish Tanna sage
Mishnah rabbi
Palestinian rabbi
Eminent disciple of Hillel; the Targum of the Prophets is attributed to him.
Jewish Tanna sage of the 3rd generation
High Priest; established the universal primary school for children.
Levite, disciple of Yohanan b. Zakkai; moderated Akiva's school.
Headed an academy at Nisibis (Babylonia), corresponded with Yavne.
Jewish writer and historiographer
Colleague of Hillel on the court, resigned his position; linked to the Essenes.
Master of R. Akiva; said « this too is for the good ».
érudit et sage juif du Ier siècle de notre ère
Judge in Jerusalem, originally from Media; cited in the Mishna.
first-century rabbi
Tanna; principle of exegesis of the general and the particular; known prayer.
author of an edition of the Targum
2nd century Mishnah rabbi
Tanna, student of Rabbi Akiva, persecuted by the Romans. According to tradition, he hid for 13 years in a cave with his son and there received mystical revelations. The Zohar is attributed to him. His tomb at Meron is the site of the Lag BaOmer pilgrimage.
Late 1st/early 2nd century Jewish rabbi and sage
scholar and religious
daughter of Herodias
1st century CE Babylonian Jew and religious scholar
Galilean rabbi who lived between the end of the 1st century and the 2nd century of the Christian era
2nd century CE Judean rabbi and nasi and Great Sanhedrin president
Son of Hillel, reportedly his successor as nassi; little documented.
Composed the blessing against heretics (Birkat ha-Minim).
Ordained the 18 blessings of the Amida before Gamliel II at Yavne.
Tanna of 3rd generation at the Sanhedrin of Yavne, polyglot.
queen of Adiabene
Disciple of Hillel, he founded the academy of Yavneh after the destruction of the Temple (70). By negotiating with Vespasian, he secured the survival of rabbinic Judaism. His decision to substitute study and prayer for sacrifices transformed Judaism forever.
Jewish sage 1st and 2nd centuries CE
Yavneh, Mishna, Talmuds, intellectual exile.
Founder of the academy of Sura; major figure of the 1st generation of Babylonian Amoraim.
2nd/3rd century Babylonian Jewish Talmudist
Tanna; minority opinions preserved in the Mishna.
Proselyte; literal Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible.
rabbi
Leader of the last great Jewish revolt against Rome (132-135). Rabbi Akiva recognized him as messiah. His defeat brought about the ban on Jews entering Jerusalem and the renaming of Judea as Palestine. His letters, discovered in the Judean Desert, attest to his leadership.
Learned woman of the Talmud, wife of Rabbi Meir and daughter of Rabbi Hanina ben Teradion (a Roman martyr). Her halakhic opinions are cited in the Mishna and the Talmud — a unique case for a woman in Talmudic literature. She symbolizes female scholarship in ancient Judaism.
daughter of Rabbi Haninah Ben Teradion
3rd century Judean rabbi
Tanna; transmitted R. Meir and Jose; traveled to Babylon.
rabbi
Tanna arrested by Rome with R. Hanina; escaped miraculously.
Priest, disciple of R. Akiva; renowned master of halakha.
Son of bar Yochai; tanna and aggadist, stories in the Talmud.
Early 3rd century Jewish rabbi
late 1st/early 2nd century Judean Jewish scholar
Aggadist; present at Beitar during the Bar Kokhba revolt.
Tanna of the 4th generation, disciple of R. Akiva.
1st-century CE rabbi
Tanna who became apostate (« Aher »); master of R. Meir.
Mishnah rabbi
Originally from Alexandria; disciple of R. Akiva debating at Yavne.
Tanna of the 4th generation; contemporary of Juda bar Ilai.
Babylonian Jewish Talmudist (died c.250)
Tanna; traditions on the Temple and the priests in the Mishna.
Disciple of R. Akiva; sometimes counted among the Ten Martyrs.
Rabbi and author of the Tosefta (c.180–c.230)
Son of Jose ben Halafta; transmitted his teachings to Rabbi.
2nd and 3rd-century Middle Eastern rabbi
Head of the academy of Tiberias; central figure of the Jerusalem Talmud.
Disciple of Joshua b. Hananiah; rulings in the Mishna.
Tanna; reprimanded R. Akiva for seeing Bar Kokhba as the Messiah.
2nd century Talmud rabbi and tanna
Late 2nd century Judean rabbi
Transitional sage tanna-amora; father-in-law of son of Rabbi.
Tanna; his own rules of hermeneutics and halakhic opinions.
Tanna; halakhic and aggadic teachings in the Mishna.
rabbi
2nd century rabbi and editor of the Mishnah
Most cited Tanna in the Mishna; disciple of R. Akiva.
Martyr; ordained rabbis despite the Roman interdiction (Hadrian's law).
Tanna of the early 2nd c.; counted among the Ten Martyrs.
Nassi; edited and closed the Mishna around 200.
Late 2nd/early 3rd century Jewish scholar
Israeli religious and scholar
Av Beit Din; the Avot de-Rabbi Nathan are attributed to him.
Pious sage; baraita on degrees of holiness; son-in-law of bar Yochai.
One of the greatest masters of the Talmud, he systematized the interpretation of the Torah and supported the Bar Kokhba revolt. Martyred by the Romans, he died reciting the Shema. His hermeneutic method is at the foundation of rabbinic Judaism.
rabbi
Transitional aggadist; marked the tombs; master of R. Yohanan.
Disciple of Rabbi; compiled the baraitot (Tosefta); came from Babylon.
2nd-century Jewish Tanna sage/teacher
Disciple of R. Ishmael; exegetical debates with R. Josiah.
Disciple of R. Ishmael; halakhic exegesis often against Jonathan.
Disciple of Rabbi Akiva and master of the Mishna. Husband of Bruriah, one of the rare learned women of the Talmud. His teachings constitute an essential part of the Mishna, and anonymous mishnaiot are traditionally attributed to him.
Disciple of R. Akiva; attributed to the Tosefta.
Transitional sage tanna-amora; founded an academy at Akbara.
3rd-century Babylonian rabbi
Jewish rabbi and amora (c. 200 — c. 275)
Head of the academy of Nehardea; authority in civil law ('halakha as Samuel').
Disciple of R. Akiva; mystical tradition, the Zohar is attributed to him.
Aggadist; contemporary and friend of Juda haNassi.
Son of Juda haNassi; colleague of Bar Kappara.
Babylonian rabbi (c.165-c.254)
2nd century tanna
Disciple of R. Meir; ethical maxims in the Tosefta.
Nassi after the Bar Kokhba revolt; father of Juda haNassi.
Late 2nd/early 3rd century Judean rabbi
Master exegete died young; mystical speculation (Maassé Beréchit).
Disciple of R. Tarfon; rulings on the get and tithes.
Disciple of R. Meir; rule of divisions in doubt ('half').
2nd-century Tanna
Tanna of Yavne; frequent opponent of R. Akiva in halakha.
3rd-century Judean rabbi
Reputed Israeli aggadist; 3rd generation.
Refined Israeli halakhist, contemporary of R. Ammi and R. Assi.
Sage of Acre (Akko) cited in the Talmud.
member of the third generation of Amoraim
Two Jewish rabbis and Talmudic scholars
Renowned Babylonian sage, contemporary of Abaye; dialectician.
Israeli aggadist, preacher; his prayers are cited.
Head of Tiberias after R. Yohanan, with R. Assi (3rd generation).
Disciple of Samuel of Nehardea, 2nd Babylonian generation.
Israeli sage occasionally cited in the Talmud.
Member of the Great Assembly; 'serve without expecting reward'.
Israeli rabbi
second and third generation Amora Sage of the Land of Israel
From southern Judea, directed the academy of Sepphoris after Juda haNassi.
3rd century Judean rabbi and nasi
Rabbi and nasi
Turbulent Babylonian sage, contemporary of Rav Huna; executed.
Israeli aggadist, son of Hanina bar Hama; active in Sepphoris.
Disciple of Rav; several sages bear this name (2nd generation).
Son-in-law of Rav, transmitted traditions of his father-in-law.
Israeli halakhist and aggadist; 3rd/4th generation.
Jewish scholar
important figure in Judaism
Son of R. Hiyya; transmitted tannaitic tradition (2nd generation).
Disciple of R. Yohanan, transmitter; traveled between Israel and Babylonia.
3rd- and 4th-generation Bablyonian Amora
Disciple of Rav at Sura, second generation of Babylonian Amoraim.
Disciple of Rav and Samuel; emigrated to the Land of Israel (2nd generation).
early 3rd century Judean Jewish Amora
Halakhist and aggadist, disciple of R. Yohanan; 3rd generation Israeli.
Israeli sage, transmitter of traditions of R. Yohanan.
Transitional amora Babylon–Israel; sage of the 1st/2nd generation.
Disciple and colleague of Rav, 2nd generation Babylonian.
Israeli halakhist, disciple of R. Yohanan; 2nd generation.
3rd century Judean scholar of the Talmud
Babylonian rabbi and amora (220–299)
Founder of the academy of Poumbedita; disciple of Rav and Samuel.
Rabbi and Prince of the Sanhedrin.
Israeli rabbi
Major Israeli aggadist, disciple of R. Yohanan.
Exilarch and head of the tribunal, disciple of Samuel; renowned for his charity.
Jewish Talmudist
Exilarch and judge at Nehardea/Mahoza; master of Rav Nahman.
Babylonian disciple of R. Yohanan in Israel; famous aggadic stories.
"Rabba", head of Pumbedita, dialectician ("okér harim").
Head of the academy of Sura, son of Rav Huna; 3rd generation.
Jewish Talmudist and rabbi
Patriarch of Judea and editor of the Mishna (c. 200), the first codification of the Oral Law. This monumental work is the foundation of all rabbinic Judaism and the basis of the Talmud. Called simply "Rabbi," so unquestioned was his authority.
Israeli aggadist frequently cited; 3rd generation.
Greatest Amora of the Land of Israel, head of the academy of Tiberias. Principal editor of the Jerusalem Talmud (Yerushalmi). His teachings and biographical accounts occupy a central place in both Talmuds.
Founder of the academy of Sura in Babylonia, he inaugurated the golden age of Babylonian Judaism. His discussions with Samuel (master of Nehardea) structure the Babylonian Talmud. He is one of the fathers of the synagogue liturgy.
Colleague of Rav at Nehardea/Huzal, 1st generation of Babylonian Amoraim.
Babylonian Jewish Talmudist
Disciple of Rav, transmitted numerous traditions to Sura.
"Hamnuna the Elder", disciple of Rav; also appears in the Zohar.
3rd century Babylonian Talmudist and Exilarch
Head of the academy of Sura after Rav; 2nd Babylonian generation.
Disciple of Rav; emigrated to Israel where he studied with R. Yohanan.
Babylonian judge (dayan) of the 1st generation, contemporary of Rav and Samuel.
Babylonian rabbi
Talmud Rabbi
amora of Babylonia
Pious merchant and scholar who traveled between Israel and Babylonia.
Directed an academy ('sidra') before Rav; sage of the 1st generation.
Blind amora, scholar of baraïtot; debated with Rav Nahman.
"Sinai", head of Pumbedita after Rabba; scholar of baraïtot.
babylonian rabbi
Head of the academy of Nehardea in Babylonia, astronomer and physician. He formulated the principle "Dina de-malkhuta dina" (the law of the land is the law), the legal foundation of Jewish loyalty to the State. An expert in civil law, halakha follows his opinion in financial matters.
Major aggadist of the Land of Israel, disciple of R. Yonatan.
Babylonian amora
Israeli sage cited in the Talmud, from Kefar Tamarta.
Disciple of R. Yohanan, Israeli halakhist often compared to R. Abba.
Resh Lakish, dialectical partner of R. Yohanan in Tiberias.
Israeli aggadist, transmitted from R. Yehoshua ben Levi.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli sage often cited by R. Yohanan as a source of traditions.
High Priest, last of the Great Assembly; maxim of the 3 pillars.
Aggadist, enumerated the 613 commandments; debated with minim.
"of the West" (Israel), transmitted baraïtot to Babylonia.
"Nahota", brought the teachings of Israel to Babylonia.
Babylonian who emigrated to Israel; pious, fasted to forget Babylonian study.
Babylonian sage who emigrated to Israel, disciple of R. Yohanan.
Babylonian Talmudic master, head of the academy of Pumbedita. His debates with Rava (sugiot of Abaye and Rava) are the model of Talmudic dialectical reasoning. His biography as an orphan who became a great master illustrates the meritocratic ideal of Judaism.
"Nahota" between Israel and Babylonia; aggadist (4th generation).
Babylonian sage, contemporary of Rav Ashi; 6th generation.
amoraim, master of the School of Sura in Babylonia (4th century)
Son of Abaye, Babylonian sage; 5th generation.
Jewish Rabbi and Prince of the Sanhedrin.
Rabbi and Prince of the Ancient Sanhedrin.
Patriarch of Judea who, around 359, fixed the perpetual Jewish calendar still in use today. This momentous reform allowed diaspora communities to celebrate the festivals on the same dates without depending on the monthly observation of the new moon in the Land of Israel.
Israeli sage of the 4th generation, namesake of Hoshaiah Rabbah.
Jewish scholar
babylonian rabbi and exilarch
Exilarch, contemporary and friend of Rav Ashi.
Study companion of Rav Papa; 5th generation Babylonian.
Disciple of Rava; founded a lineage of sages at Naresh/Shekanzib.
Babylonian who emigrated to Israel; renowned for his dialectical questions.
Israeli sage, namesake of the 4th generation.
Head of Tiberias with R. Yona; last great Israeli duo.
Late Israeli halakhist, authority of the Talmud of Jerusalem.
Nasi of the Sanhedrin (385–400 CE) following Gamaliel V
Jewish Amora sage of Babylon
Head of Sura, contemporary of Rav Ashi; 6th generation.
Grandson of Samuel through his daughter Rachel; Babylonian sage.
Babylonian sage cited in the Talmud; 4th generation.
Prolific Israeli aggadist of the Talmud of Jerusalem; 4th generation.
Israeli aggadist cited in the midrashim.
Major Israeli aggadist of the midrashim; 4th/5th generation.
Head of Tiberias with R. Yossi; father of R. Mana II.
Head of Sepphoris, son of R. Yona; final authority of the Yerushalmi.
A great Amora of the Land of Israel, he founded the academy of Tiberias which produced the Jerusalem Talmud. Renowned for his beauty and piety, his tragic friendship with Resh Lakish is one of the most moving narratives of the Talmud (Bava Metzia 84a).
"Nahota", brought the teachings of Israel to Babylonia ("when Rabin came").
Babylonian dialectician, brother-in-law of Rava; 4th generation.
"Nahota", transmitted the teachings of Israel to Babylonia.
Disciple of Rava, transmitted his teachings; 4th generation.
Disciple of Rava, Babylonian dialectician; 5th generation.
Disciple of Rava, colleague of Rav Papa; Babylonian judge.
Head of Sura, contemporary of Rav Ashi; 6th generation.
Head of Pumbedita after Rava; 5th generation Babylonian.
Babylonian Talmudic master, head of the academy of Mahoza. His debates with Abaye ("discussions of Abaye and Rava") are among the most subtle reasonings of the Talmud. The halakha almost always follows his opinion against Abaye.
rabbi
Jewish amora
Israeli sage, transmitted from R. Eleazar and R. Ammi.
Babylonian talmudic master and judge at Nehardea. With Mar Zutra and Rav Ashi, he formed the triumvirate that presided over the final compilation of the Babylonian Talmud. His rulings on the shofar and the festivals remain normative.
Son of Rav Ashi and head of the academy of Sura, he continued the work of compiling the Babylonian Talmud. His contribution to the final redaction of the Talmud is often underestimated, yet essential to the completion of this monumental work.
Late sage, contributed to the additions ("tosafot") to the Talmud; 7th generation.
Head of the academy of Sura for 52 years, he undertook the writing of the Babylonian Talmud, the vastest compilation of rabbinic knowledge. This encyclopedic work became the central text of Judaism for the following 1500 years.
Last of the Amoraim (masters of the Talmud), he completed the writing of the Babylonian Talmud begun by Rav Ashi. The Talmud (Bava Metzia 86a) declares: "Rav Ashi and Ravina — the end of instruction" (sof horaah), closing the Talmudic era.
Sura, Pumbedita, the Judeo-Arabic golden age.
Collective figure of the Savoraim, the last editors of the Babylonian Talmud after the close of the Amoraic era. They added the late explanations and discussions that gave the Talmud its finished form, ensuring the transition to the era of the Geonim.
Byzantine Jew and poet
Gaon of Pumbedita, one of the very first.
Byzantine emperor whose Novella 146 (553) regulated the reading of the Torah in synagogues and banned the Mishna. His anti-Jewish legislation durably influenced the status of Jews in Christendom, but failed to suppress Talmudic study.
poet and one of the chiefs of the Jewish tribe of Medina, Banu Nadir
Sassanid rabbi
First Gaon of Sura according to traditional lists, around 591.
Exilarch of Babylonia who attempted to found an independent Jewish state in Mesopotamia (c. 513-520). This brief Jewish principality, established at Mahoza, is one of the last attempts at Jewish political autonomy before the modern era.
soldat juif mort lors de la bataille de Khaybar contre Mahomet en 628 de notre ère
Gaon of Pumbedita at the end of the 6th century.
First of the Savoraim ("reasoners"), the intermediate generation between the Amoraim and the Geonim. The Savoraim added to the Talmud complementary explanations and discussions, contributing to the final form of the text as we know it.
Jewish poet
Arab poet
Scholar
Author of the Sheiltot, the first halakhic collection of the Geonim period
The first Jewish exilarch under Arab rule, he was confirmed in his office by Caliph Omar. His marriage to a captive Sasanian princess gave rise to a famous rabbinic controversy over the status of his descendants.
Gaon of Soura at the end of the 7th century
Prophet of Islam, whose preaching in Medina involved significant interactions with the Jewish tribes (Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza). The Quran's borrowings from biblical and talmudic traditions attest to the influence of Judaism on nascent Islam.
Gaon of Sura at the time of the Arab conquest, he negotiated the status of the Jewish community of Babylonia with the new Muslim masters. The transition to Arab rule inaugurated an era of relative tolerance that allowed the intellectual flourishing of Babylonian Judaism.
Second caliph of Islam, conqueror of Jerusalem (637). He permitted the Jews to return to pray in Jerusalem, from which they had been banned by the Byzantines. The Pact of Omar defined the status of dhimmi that would govern Jewish communities in the lands of Islam for centuries.
Founder of the Karaite movement, which rejected the oral law (Talmud) and recognized only the written Bible. Karaism, the principal dissent within rabbinic Judaism, stimulated in reaction a deepening of exegesis and Hebrew grammar.
Gaon of Soura at the end of the 8th century.
Gaon of Pumpadita, brother of Yehudai Gaon.
Gaon of Soura at the end of the 8th century.
Gaon of Soura in the early 8th century
Jewish astronomer and astrologer of Basra, one of the founders of Arab astronomy. He took part in choosing the site of Baghdad for Caliph al-Mansur (762). His astronomical treatises were translated into Latin and influenced medieval Europe.
Gaon of Pumbedita at the beginning of the 8th century.
Gaon of Sura, he composed the first collection of halakhic responsa sent to the communities of Spain. These legal questions and answers became the principal means of communicating Jewish law between the Babylonian academies and the communities of the diaspora.
rabbi
Presumed author of the Halakhot Guedolot, a major halakhic code.
Gaon (head) of the academy of Sura, author of the Halakhot Pesuqot, the first post-talmudic halakhic code. His work marks the beginning of the legal codification that would culminate in the Shulhan Arukh of Joseph Caro in the sixteenth century.
Gaon of Soura, author of the Halakhot Pessuqot
rabbi
Gaon of Sura, author of the Seder Rav Amram, the first complete liturgical compilation (siddur) in Jewish history. Composed in response to a question from the Jews of Spain, this foundational text structured Jewish prayer as it is practiced to this day.
exilarch of the Jewish community of Babylon
North African Jewish scholar
Physician and astronomer of Kairouan, author of a commentary on the Sefer Yetsira.
A mysterious Jewish traveler who claimed to come from an independent Jewish kingdom in Africa, a descendant of the tribe of Dan. His accounts of the Ten Lost Tribes fascinated medieval Jewish communities and fueled messianic hope.
Gaon of Soura, son of Nahshon ben Zadok.
Jewish physician and philosopher
10th century Karaite dogmatist and exegete
rabbi and historian
Algerian rabbi
Philologist of Tahort, author of the Risala, comparative dictionary of Semitic languages.
Gaon of Soura in the 9th century.
Gaon of Soura, known for the calendrical cycle Iggoul de-Rav Nahshon.
Gaon of Soura, author of hundreds of halakhic responsa.
Gaon of Pumbedita, ordered the copying of an annotated Talmud for Spain.
Gaon of Sura, the first great Jewish philosopher. His Book of Beliefs and Opinions (Emunot ve-Deot) founds rational Jewish philosophy. He translated the Bible into Arabic (Tafsir) and combated Karaism. A major intellectual figure of medieval Judaism.
Gaon of Soura, author of numerous responsa.
Gaon of Pumbedita, author of the Epistle of Sherira Gaon (Iggeret Rav Sherira), the first history of rabbinic Judaism. This fundamental document traces the chain of transmission of the oral law from Moses to the Geonim, founding Jewish historiography.
Gaon of Soura at the end of the 9th century.
Gaon of Pumbedita, author of a Talmudic lexicon.
Gaon of the Land of Israel, opposed to Saadia in the calendar controversy of 922.
Karaite grammarian and Sage
Gaon of Pumbedita, opponent of Saadia Gaon.
Jewish scribe
Medieval Judeo-Arabic philosopher and controversialist
Poet and grammarian of Fez and then Córdoba, he introduced Arabic meter into Hebrew poetry, revolutionizing Jewish prosody. His controversy with Menahem ben Saruq over Hebrew grammar founded scientific Hebrew philology.
Hebrew poet and grammarian
Poet and grammarian, introduced Arabic metrics into Hebrew poetry.
Scholar, physician and astronomer from Kairouan, disciple of Isaac Israeli, author of a commentary on the Sefer Yetsira. He contributed to comparative Hebrew grammar.
11th-century French Tosafist
Rhineland rabbi, Talmudist and decisor of the 10th and 11th centuries
Ifriqiyan rabbi
Talmudist of Kairouan, author of a major commentary synthesizing the Talmud.
Spanish rabbi
Physician and diplomat in the service of the Caliph of Córdoba, he was the first great patron of Jewish culture in Spain (Sefarad). His correspondence with the Khazar king Joseph is a unique document on the Jewish kingdom of the Khazars.
son of Gamliel III
Coming from Italy, led the yeshiva of Kairouan, introduced the Jerusalem Talmud there.
Jewish Neoplatonic physician and philosopher from Kairouan, one of the first medieval Jewish philosophical authors. His medical treatises were translated into Latin and studied in Europe.
Ifriqiyan Jewish philosopher and rabbi
Grammarian in Saragossa, author of Kitab al-Tanqih, first complete Hebrew grammar.
Philosopher and rabbi
Gaon of Soura, rival and then predecessor of Saadia.
rabbi
French rabbi
Moroccan rabbi, exegete and philologist
Andalusian rabbi
Gaon of Pumbedita, in conflict with the exilarch David ben Zakkaï.
Karaite Jewish scholar
Gaon of Pumbedita, rival of Kohen Tzedek for the geonicship.
Spanish poet
Hebrew lexicographer and grammarian of Córdoba, author of the Mahberet, the first dictionary of biblical Hebrew. He was secretary to Hasdai ibn Shaprut.
Founder of talmudic study in Cordova, one of the « Four Captives ».
Gaon of Pumbedita, predecessor of Sherira.
Gaon of Kairouan, author of the talmudic commentary ha-Mafteah and the Hibbur Yafe.
Ifriqiyan rabbi and exegete
Nicknamed "Light of the Exile" (Meor ha-Golah), he imposed revolutionary decrees (taqqanot) on Ashkenazi Judaism: the prohibition of polygamy, the prohibition of reading another's mail, and protection of the woman in divorce. Founder of the Rhineland talmudic school.
Karaite sage
Vizier of the kingdom of Granada, poet, talmudist and military commander — the most powerful Jew of Muslim Spain. Unique in medieval Jewish history, he commanded the armies of a Muslim state while composing brilliant Hebrew poetry and supporting the talmudic academies.
Vizier of Granada, poet and talmudist, leader of the Andalusian Jewish community.
Spanish poet
Physician and astronomer born in Oria, author of the Sefer Hakhmoni on the Sefer Yetsira.
Head of the yeshivah of Cairo, Egypt
Rabbi, kabbalist, poet
French rabbi
German rabbi
Iraqi rabbi
German Talmudic Rabbi
French Talmudist, liturgical poet and Tosafist
Andalusian rabbi and linguist
Rashi, Maimonides, Crusades, Kabbalah.
Gaon of the Land of Israel, author of the Meguilat Evyatar.
rabbi, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher
Philosopher and moralist of Saragossa, author of the Duties of the Heart (Hovot ha-Levavot), the first systematic treatise of Jewish ethics and spirituality. His work, which explores the inner life and sincere devotion, remains one of the most widely read books of piety in Judaism.
Spanish judge and head of a yeshivah in Córdoba
German rabbi
Gaon of the Land of Israel, descendant of Babylonian exilarchs.
Gaon of Soura, son of Saadia Gaon.
French Tosafist
German rabbi
Halakist and poet
Decisor, chronicler of the persecutions of 1096.
French rabbi
Gaon of the Land of Israel, last to sit in Tyre.
Gaon (c. 1040–1112)
Last great gaon of Pumbedita, supreme halakhic authority of his time, author of numerous responsa and legal treatises. His death marked the end of the geonic era.
Talmudist from Kairouan, author of one of the first continuous commentaries on the Talmud, transmitting the traditions of the geonim. His work influenced Rashi and the Sephardic decisors.
Rabbi of Cordova, figure of talmudic autonomy in Spain.
Gaon of Pumbedita and exilarch, whose death marks the end of the geonicperiod.
Greek rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Andalusian Jewish Talmudist and astronomer (1035–1094)
Talmudist born in Algeria and active in Fez then in Spain, he composed the Sefer ha-Halakhot, a halakhic abridgement of the Talmud. His work was a major source for the Shulhan Arukh.
Maghrebi Talmudist and posek (1013–1103)
12th century commentator on the Mishnah
poet
12th-century French Tosafist
Andalusian Hebrew grammarian
Halakhist and payetan in Lucena, author of Meah Shearim, master of Isaac Alfasi.
Spanish rabbi
Last gaon of Soura, son of Samuel ben Hofni.
Jewish exegete of Northern France
Spanish rabbi
Son of Samuel haNagid, vizier of Granada, killed in the massacre of 1066.
Spanish rabbi
Rabbi, poet and philosopher in Cordova, author of Microcosm (Olam Katan).
Andalusian rabbi and Talmudist (11th–12th century)
12th-century rabbi and poet
12th century bible commentator, son-in-law of Rashi
Son-in-law and disciple of Rashi, glossator of the Talmud.
German Jewish martyr
12th-century Jewish grammarian and poet
French rabbi
Son-in-law of Rashi, father of Rabbeinu Tam and the Rashbam.
French precursor exegete, anterior to the tosafist school.
Jewish martyr and businesswoman
Andalusian Hebrew grammarian and rabbi
écrivain juif
Roman lexicographer, author of the Aroukh, dictionary of the Talmud and the Midrashim.
Jewish Italian lexicographer
Italian Jewish lexicographer, author of the Aroukh, the first great Talmudic dictionary. His work remains an essential tool for understanding the Talmud.
Italo-Norman musician
Jewish writer of Andalusian origin
renowned Ashkenazi Jewish rabbi, leading French Tosafist, leading halakhic authority
French rabbi and Torah commentator
Grandson of Rashi, biblical and Talmudic commentator, brother of Rabbeinu Tam.
The greatest commentator on the Bible and the Talmud, born in Troyes in Champagne. His commentaries, of unequaled clarity, are printed in every edition of the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud. No Jewish text has been more read or more studied than his commentaries.
French rabbi
Poet and philosopher of Málaga, author of the Source of Life (Meqor Hayyim), a Neoplatonic treatise so universal that Christian scholastics believed him to be Muslim (under the name Avicebron). His poem Keter Malkhut (Royal Crown) is recited on Yom Kippur in the Sephardic rite.
Gaon of Sura, halakhist and exegete, father-in-law of Haï Gaon, author of rationalist commentaries on the Torah. He was one of the last great geonim of Babylonia.
12th-century German Tosafist
French rabbi
Gaon of Jerusalem, abundantly documented by the Cairo Genizah.
Jewish poet
Byzantine exegete and payetan, author of the Lekah Tov (Pesikta Zutarta), a midrashic commentary on the Torah. He was a figure of medieval Greek Judaism.
Poet and philosopher of the Spanish Golden Age, author of the Kuzari, a philosophical dialogue defending the superiority of revelation over reason. His poems of Zion ("My heart is in the East") express the longing for Jerusalem with unequaled intensity.
Spanish rabbi
Jewish financier and Chief Rabbi of England
rabbi and legalist of the Rishonim era
Mathematician, astronomer and philosopher from Barcelona, one of the first to write scientific treatises in Hebrew. His work on geometry influenced Latin Europe.
Provençal rabbi and Talmud commentator (c.1125–1198)
French rabbi
12th/13th-century Provençal rabbi and scholar
Originating from Lunel, author of the Sefer ha-Manhig on liturgical customs.
Historian and philosopher in Toledo, author of Sefer haQabbalah, first Jewish Aristotelian.
12th century Spanish astronomer, historian and philosopher
Poet, grammarian, exegete, and astronomer of the Spanish Golden Age. His biblical commentaries, of pioneering philological rigor, foreshadow modern biblical criticism. A tireless traveler, he transmitted Judeo-Spanish culture throughout Europe.
Jewish martyr
médecin de cour égyptien
Professor of Medieval Talmud (Vienna)
late 13th century translator from Arabic to Hebrew in Barcelona
Egyptian rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Kabbalist of Gérone, disciple of Isaac the Blind, theorist of Eïn Sof.
German Orthodox rabbi
Author of Sefer haTeroumah, disciple of Ritzba.
Traveler and geographer of Navarre, author of the Book of Travels (Sefer ha-Massa'ot), an account of his fourteen-year journey across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. His descriptions of the Jewish communities constitute an invaluable ethnographic source on the medieval Jewish world.
Karaite Jewish physician and scholar
Grammarian and exegete of Narbonne, author of the Mikhlol and the Sefer ha-Shorashim.
German tosafist and liturgical poet (c. 1110–1175)
Son of Ri haZaken, tosafist who died before his father.
German decisor, author of Sefer Ra'avya.
German Rabbinic scholar
Disciple of Rabbeinu Tam, author of Sefer Yereïm.
Italian rabbi
Tosafist and payetan, student of Rabbeinu Tam.
Exegete and Ashkenazi tosafist, esoteric commentary on the Torah.
Deciding rabbi, tosafist and German chronicler of the 12th century
Disciple and colleague of Rabbeinu Tam.
French rabbi
12th-century Provençal rabbi
Successor of Ri haZaken at the head of the Dampierre school.
First known tosafist, student of Rashi, in Speyer.
Disciple of Rabbeinu Tam, commentary on the tractate Ketoubot.
Grandson of Rashi, elder brother of Rabbeinu Tam, died young.
rabbin autrichien
Head of the tosafist school of Dampierre, nephew of Rabbeinu Tam.
Spanish poet
Son of the Raavad, one of the first kabbalists of Provence.
Jewish kabbalist
Italian rabbi
Principal talmudist of Italy, author of tossafot and halakhic decisions.
Leader of the Yemenite community, recipient of Maimonides' Epistle to Yemen (1172).
British rabbi
Rhineland tosafist, father of Ra'avya.
Studied with French tosafists, author of Sha'arei Teshuva.
12th-century French commentator on the Talmud
médecin et moraliste catalan
Exegete and tosafist of Orléans, disciple of Rabbeinu Tam.
13th-century Jewish philosopher, poet and writer
Moroccan writer and physician
Talmudist of Lucena in Spain, disciple of the Rif, he was the teacher of Maimonides' father. His talmudic commentaries were highly esteemed by the decisors.
Grammarian, exegete and translator, father of David and Moïse Kimhi, a refugee from Spain to Provence. He introduced Andalusian Hebrew grammar into Christian lands.
German philosopher
Andalusian scholar, translator, linguist and rabbi
French tosafist
Founded an important tosafist school in Paris (Sir Léon).
Head of the Hassidei Ashkenaz, principal author of Sefer Hassidim.
kabbalist, teacher of Nachmanides
Spanish poet
Rabbi, exegete and Andalusian moralist of the 12th century
The greatest philosopher and codifier of Judaism, born in Córdoba. His Guide for the Perplexed achieves the synthesis between Aristotelian reason and Jewish faith. His Mishneh Torah is the first systematic codification of all Jewish law. Physician to Saladin in Cairo.
Last gaon of the Palestinian lineage, transferred the academy to Fustat.
Talmudist in Toledo, author of Masoret Seyag laTorah on the Masoretic text.
Poet and philosopher of Granada, one of the great masters of Andalusian Hebrew poetry. Author of widely circulated penitential poems (selichot).
rabbi
Grammarian of Narbonne (ReMaK), author of the Mahalakh Shevilei ha-Daat.
clergyman
Czech rabbi
Grandson of Rashi and a major figure of the Tosafists, he led the talmudic school of Ramerupt in Champagne. His halakhic rulings left a lasting mark on Ashkenazi Judaism.
Philosopher and historian of Toledo, author of the Sefer ha-Qabbalah (Book of Tradition), the first chronicle of rabbinic Judaism. His philosophical work Emunah Ramah (Exalted Faith) is the first attempt at a synthesis between Aristotelianism and Judaism, before Maimonides.
Samuel ben Meir, grandson of Rashi, was a biblical commentator devoted to the literal sense (peshat) and a Tosafist. He also commented on talmudic tractates left unfinished by his grandfather.
Author of the Tosafot of Sens, departed for the Holy Land around 1211.
French Jewish rabbi (c. 1150 – c. 1230)
person associated with Hebrew manuscripts
French Orthodox rabbi
French physician
French Jewish rabbi
Rabbi, translator, and poet
French merchant and rabbi
Rabbi, Talmudist
Born in Gérone, active in Lunel, author of the Sefer ha-Maor criticizing the Rif.
Spanish rabbi
Spanish talmudist
14th-century Provençal rabbi and scholar
French Jewish martyr
Rabbi of Lunel and Montpellier, instigator of the Maimonidean controversy.
Jewish kabbalist and philosopher of Spanish origin
Founder of ecstatic kabbalah, born in Saragossa, theorist of letter combinations.
French poet
Catalan-Jewish physician
French rabbi
German rabbi
Aristotelian Jewish philosopher
Rabbi and Talmudist
Austrian talmudist, one of the first tosafists of Vienna.
Liturgical poet and talmudist of Rome, author of the Massa Gei Hizzayon.
English tosafist of the Tosafot Hakhmei Anglia, from Lincoln.
Jewish fabulist and grammarian, author of the Mishlé Choualim (Fox Fables), a Hebrew adaptation of European and Eastern fables. He likely lived in England and France.
13th century French Biblical commentator
Spanish philosopher and encyclopedist, popularizer of Aristotelian philosophy and defender of Maimonides. Author of the Sefer ha-Mevakech.
German Talmudist
Judge in Narbonne, author of the Sefer ha-Mikhtam, halakhic work based on the Rif.
active 1300
Grammarian and biblical exegete from Narbonne, author of the Mikhlol and of widely circulated biblical commentaries. He took part in the Maimonidean controversy as a defender of the philosopher.
Rhenish mystic and halakhist, last great master of the Hasidei Ashkenaz, author of the Rokeach. He transmitted the esoteric teachings of Judah the Pious.
Among the last Tosafists, and editor of many Tosefot compositions
Kabbalist of the Gérone circle, commentator on the Song of Songs.
French philosopher and scientist
female physician and surgeon
Spanish-Italian rabbi
Physician and philosopher, author of the Tagmulei ha-Nefesh on the immortality of the soul.
Spanish philosopher
Son-in-law of Yehiel of Paris, author of Sefer Mitzvot Katan (Semak).
Author of Sha'arei Dura on dietary laws.
Talmudist, author of the Or Zarua, a halakhic compendium that preserves many traditions of the Hasidei Ashkenaz. He was the teacher of the Maharam of Rothenburg.
Jewish philosopher
German writer
Grandson of the Rid, author of the Piskei Halakhot, first ritual code produced in Italy.
rabbi, translator, and traveler
Son of the Rosh in Toledo, codifier, author of the Arbaa Tourim, foundation of the Shulhan Arukh.
Astronomer and translator of Montpellier (Profatius), inventor of an astronomical quadrant.
Italian man of letters, of the Middle Ages
Scholar and scribe of Rome, author of the Maalot ha-Middot.
Castilian kabbalist, disciple of Abraham Abulafia. His work Sha'arei Orah (Gates of Light) is one of the clearest expositions of the doctrine of the ten sefirot and the divine Names. In Ginnat Egoz (Garden of Nuts), he achieved a synthesis between ecstatic kabbalah and theosophical kabbalah that profoundly influenced the school of the Zohar and, later, the Christian kabbalists of the Renaissance.
Spanish Rabbi in 13th century
Castilian kabbalist, disciple of Abulafia, author of the Gates of Light (Shaarei Orah).
Jewish lexicographer and rabbi
Exegete, grammarian and philosopher of Argentière, influenced by Averroes.
Spanish rabbi (1280-1340)
Poet and translator, author of the Tahkemoni, a collection of maqamat in Hebrew. He translated Maimonides' Guide for the Perplexed from Arabic into Hebrew.
Spanish rabbi
13th century Spanish Jewish philosopher
Spiritual leader of the Hasidei Ashkenaz at Regensburg, principal author of the Sefer Hasidim. His work shaped the Jewish ethics and piety of Central Europe.
French poet
13th-century French rabbi and encyclopedist
Born in Bagnols, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer, author of the Milhamot ha-Shem.
Rabbi of Narbonne and Lunel, author of the commentary Sefer ha-Menuha on the Mishné Torah.
Rabbi and talmudist of Toledo, he opposed the rationalist tendencies of Maimonides. His controversy with the followers of Maimonides (the "Maimonidean controversy") illustrates the creative tension between reason and tradition in medieval Judaism.
Greatest Ashkenazi decisor of his time, he led the communities of Germany. Imprisoned by the emperor Rudolf I, he refused to allow his ransom to be paid.
Last great German tosafist, died prisoner of Rudolph I.
German Rabbi
Catalan rabbi, Talmudist and Maimonidean
Italian rabbi
French Tosafist, author of the Sefer Mitzvot Gadol (Semag), an enumeration of the 613 commandments. He preached the return to observance in the communities of Spain and France.
Castilian kabbalist, author or compiler of the Zohar (Book of Splendor), the fundamental work of the Kabbalah. Attributed to Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai (2nd c.), the Zohar became the third pillar of Judaism after the Bible and the Talmud.
Jewish philosopher
Tosafist, author of Ketav Tamim against philosophy.
German talmudist, author of the Mordekhai, a halakhic compendium appended to the printed Talmud. He was killed with his family during the Rindfleisch massacres.
Spanish rabbi
Rabbi, kabbalist, and physician of Girona, he took part in the Disputation of Barcelona (1263) against the convert Pablo Christiani. His commentary on the Torah integrates the mystical dimension into classical exegesis. He settled in the Land of Israel in 1267 and restored the Jewish community of Jerusalem.
Jew converted to Christianity, protagonist of the Talmud trial
Talmudist in Barcelona, commentator on Alfasi, major halakhic authority.
Talmudist and kabbalist
Author of the Tosafot of Rabbeinu Peretz, last great French tosafist.
Catalan moralist and talmudist, author of the Shaarei Teshuvah (Gates of Repentance). He at first opposed the writings of Maimonides before repenting publicly.
Chief rabbi of Germany who emigrated to Toledo, he achieved the synthesis between the Ashkenazi and Sephardic talmudic traditions. His halakhic code (Piskei ha-Rosh) is one of the three sources of Joseph Caro's Shulhan Arukh, together with Maimonides and the Rif.
Jewish physician and statesman
philosopher and rabbi
« Rabbi of Spain » in Barcelona, halakhist, author of more than 3000 responsa.
Great decisor of Barcelona, author of thousands of responsa that became authoritative. He took a position during the Maimonidean controversy by limiting the study of philosophy to the young.
Author of Sefer Keritout, talmudic methodology.
French rabbi
One of the « Grands d'Évreux », author of Tosafot on Sota.
German tosafist, student of Juda the Pious.
Spanish writer
Spanish philosopher
Spanish rabbi
Italian philosopher
Decisor and Rhineland tosafist, master of Or Zaroua.
(1225 – c. 1285) (Hebrew: טודרוס בן יוסף אבולעפא) was a nephew of Meir Abulafia and chief rabbi of Castille, (Not to be confused with Todros ben Judah Halevi Abulafia.)
German rabbinic authority (c. 1269 - c. 1343)
French philosopher
Scholar, poet, payton and copyist.
Son of the Rosh, rabbi of Toledo, author of responsa (Zikhron Yehouda).
French Orthodox Rabbi
Jewish kabbalist
Spanish rabbi
Talmudist, author of influential hiddushim on the Talmud, disciple of the Rashba.
Spanish rabbi
Rabbi of Rome, author of the Shibbolei ha-Leket, compilation of ritual laws.
author
theologian and rabbi
cartographer from Palma, Majorca
Crimean rabbi
Catholic bishop
Spanish rabbi
Spanish physician
Czech rabbi
Exegete and kabbalist from Saragossa, disciple of the Rashba, author of a fourfold commentary on the Torah. His work was widely circulated.
Prominent citizen of Girona
Spanish rabbi
Compiler of Midrash ha-Gadol, a vast midrashic collection on the Torah.
Sephardic rabbi, physician and theologian
Physician and rabbi, founder of the Jewish community of Tlemcen.
Philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer of Bagnols-sur-Cèze (Provence). His philosophical work The Wars of the Lord (Milhamot Hashem) treats metaphysical questions with Aristotelian rigor. He invented Jacob's staff, an astronomical instrument used for centuries.
Philosopher and rabbi of Barcelona, author of The Light of the Lord (Or Hashem), a major critique of Maimonides' Aristotelianism. His philosophy of free will and divine love influenced Spinoza. He lost his son in the massacres of 1391.
Italian Jewish poet, author of the Mahbarot, blending satirical verve with Italian forms (the sonnet). He was a contemporary and reader of Dante.
14th century Spanish Talmudic scholar
Spanish rabbi
Decisor of Barcelona then of Algiers after the pogroms of 1391, famous for his responsa. He played a key role in the organization of the communities of North Africa.
Talmudist born in Valencia, authority in responsa, emigrated to Algiers after 1391.
Decisioner (Ribash), Chief Rabbi of Algiers, author of responsa founding the takkanot of Algiers.
Spanish rabbi
Austro-Hungarian historian
Sephardic rabbi
Czech rabbi
rabbin allemand
Medieval Spanish astronomer
German rabbi
German rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Bulgarian rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Talmudist of Perpignan, author of the Beth ha-Behira, a vast encyclopedic commentary on the Talmud. His tolerant view of other monotheistic nations remains famous.
German rabbi
Sephardic rabbi
15th-century rabbi
Italian physician and poet
Rabbi and exegete, author of the homiletical commentary Nour al-Zulm (Sefer Meor ha-Afela).
Talmudist, philosopher and physician of Barcelona, author of a major commentary on the Rif. His Derashot ha-Ran set forth an influential political-religious thought.
Iberian Talmudist and legalist
Grammarian, astronomer and polemicist of Perpignan. Forcibly converted in 1391, he wrote Al Tehi ka-Avotekha ("Be Not Like Your Fathers"), an anti-Christian satire disguised as a letter of encouragement to a convert. His Maaseh Efod is a major treatise of Hebrew grammar.
Grammarian, philosopher and polemicist, author of the Maaseh Efod.
Son of the Rosh, he composed the Arba'ah Turim (Four Columns), a halakhic codification that organized Jewish law into four parts—an architecture taken up by Joseph Caro in the Shulhan Arukh. His work bridges the Ashkenazi and Sephardic traditions.
14th century German Jewish female moneylender
Decisioner (Rashbash), rabbi of Algiers, author of responsa and of the polemic Milhemet Hova.
Rabbi of Algiers (the Rashbash), son and successor of Simon ben Zemah Duran.
rabbi
Spanish treasurer and synagogue founder
Spanish philosopher
Greatest Judeo-Persian poet, author of epics versifying the Torah and the book of Esther.
Spanish rabbi
medieval Algerian rabbinical authority
Rabbi born in Majorca, halakhist emigrated to Algiers, author of the Tashbetz.
Talmudist of Seville, disciple of the Rashba, author of luminous commentaries (hiddushim) on the Talmud. He defended the legitimacy of philosophical study.
rabbi
Inquisition, 1492, Sephardic diaspora, Safed.
Jewish notable of Fès, adviser then vizier of the Merinid sultan Abd al-Haqq II, killed during the 1465 revolt.
rabbi and kabbalist
Kabbalist and Sephardic messianic visionary, member of the old Yishuv of Jerusalem.
Italian rabbi
Hebrew scholar and geographer
Spanish-Jewish philosopher of religion
Italian physician and translator
Spanish rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Sephardi rabbi, banker and politician, who converted to Catholicism
philosopher, physician and translator
Portuguese astronomer
Jewish scholar
Spanish rabbi
French astrologer
Jewish writer and polyhistor
Italian rabbi
Portuguese rabbi
Egyptian rabbi
Posek and rabbi, member of the beth-din of Fès before Egypt and the Land of Israel.
The Radbaz, chief rabbi of Egypt, author of thousands of responsa.
Jewish political activist
Portuguese statesman, financier, and biblical exegete. Finance minister of Portugal and then of Spain, he tried in vain to prevent the edict of expulsion of 1492. His biblical commentaries, written in exile, analyze the political philosophy of the Bible with unprecedented depth.
Rabbi and chronicler of Candia, author of histories of the Ottoman Empire and Venice.
Sephardic philosopher
Talmudist and decisioner of Constantinople (the Re'em), mathematician.
German rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Muslim rabbi and historian
Rabbinical dynasty of Fès, judges of the beth-din for generations; Ibn Danan synagogue.
Italian physician
Italian dancing master
Second great Judeo-Persian poet, born in Isfahan, author of Fath-nameh and Ganj-nameh.
Spanish prophetess
Jewish exegete, author of the Menôraṭ hammâôr
Portuguese philosopher
Spanish philosopher and preacher, author of the Akedat Yitzhak, a collection of philosophical sermons on the Torah. He left Spain during the expulsion of 1492.
Spanish rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Portuguese-Turkish rabbi and physician
Spanish tax collector
Rabbi of Salonika, compiler of Ein Yaakov, collection of aggadic passages from the Talmud.
Polish rabbi
15th-century Portuguese court physician and scientist
Jewish mystical figure
German rabbi
Spanish philosopher, author of the Sefer ha-Ikkarim on the fundamental dogmas of Judaism. He took part in the Disputation of Tortosa.
Talmudic authority and kabbalist of Salonique, master of an entire Sephardic generation.
Author of the Shulhan Arukh (Set Table, 1565), the code of Jewish law that remains the universal halakhic reference. Born in Spain, exiled to Portugal and then Turkey, he settled in Safed in Galilee, which became the center of Jewish mysticism in the sixteenth century.
Italian rabbi
16th century physician and historian
rabbi
author (15th century)
Italian philosopher, rabbi and physician
Italian rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Portuguese Jewish philosopher, physician and poet
The Ralbah, grand rabbi of Jerusalem, opposed to the restoration of ordination by Jacob Berab.
Rabbi of Constantine, refugee from Spain in 1395, halakhic correspondent of the Rashbatz.
Italian rabbi
Spanish rabbi
Sephardic kabbalist, author of Avodat ha-Kodesh, precursor of Cordovero and Luria.
The "Maharam of Padua", chief rabbi of Padua, major talmudic authority of the 16th century.
Rabbi and explorer
Hebrew grammarian from the Middle Ages
Hakham Bashi (Chief Rabbi) of the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople.
The Mabit, rabbi of Safed for half a century, author of works on law and Jewish thought.
Turkish astronomer
German rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist of Pesaro, author of a travel narrative in the Holy Land.
Ottoman rabbi
Rabbi of Constantine, son of Maimon Najar, correspondent of the Rashbash.
Italian rabbi (the Bartenura), author of the reference commentary on the Mishna.
Rabbi, biblical exegete, philosopher and physician, founder of the school of Bologna.
Italian rabbi
Italian rabbi, physician and philosopher
Italian rabbi, author of the standard commentary on the Mishna, printed in all standard editions. In 1488 he settled in Jerusalem and reorganized the Jewish community of the city. His travel letters are a precious source on the Land of Israel in the fifteenth century.
Rabbi and grammarian
Rabbi, physician and grammarian of Constantinople, author of a treatise on the interpretation of dreams.
16th century Jewish Portuguese mystic
Rabbi of Spanish origin, commentator on the Talmud of Jerusalem.
Sephardic-Italian financier, academic, and supporter of Italian Jewry
Polish rabbi
Portuguese crypto-Jew who became a mystical and messianic preacher. After his circumcision, he preached the imminent coming of the Messiah before Pope Clement VII. Burned alive by the Inquisition at Mantua, he is a tragic figure of Renaissance Jewish messianism.
Kabbalist and poet, dayan in Tripoli; author of the Zohar commentary Ketem Paz and the hymn Bar Yochaï.
Decisor and philosopher born in Majorca, refugee in Algiers after 1391, author of the collection of responsa Tashbetz. He was also a physician and exegete.
Spanish-born rabbi
Dayan of Algiers, scholar in kabbalah and philosophy, co-author of the responsa Yakhin u-Boaz.
Spanish rabbi
Italian philosopher
Rabbi Yossef Karo, celebrated codifier of Jewish law. Author of the Shulchan Aruch
Scholar and physician (Yihye al-Tabib), author of Midrash ha-Hefetz on the Pentateuch.
person associated with Hebrew manuscripts
rabbi
Ottoman Talmudic author
religious writer
rabbi of Ragusa
Born in Fès, biblical and talmudic exegete, author of Korban Aharon (commentary on the Sifra).
Italian Talmudist
Moroccan rabbi and writer
Kabbalist born in Fès, emigrated to Hebron, author of Hesed le-Abraham and a commentary on the Zohar.
Italian rabbi and poet
Italian philosopher
Kabbalist and commentator, author of Hesed le-Avraham, settled in Hebron.
Italian kabbalist linked to Safed, commentator on the Zohar and the Lamentations.
Jewish philosopher (1570–1635)
Renowned Talmudist for his Lehem Mishneh, a commentary on Maimonides' code.
Master of the Mint of Cairo under Selim I, figure in the Purim of Cairo (1524).
Talmudist of Salonika, student of Samuel de Medina, head of yeshiva.
Scholar and physician of Algiers, author of the anthology Omer ha-Shikha (Livorno, 1748).
16th-century rabbi
Rabbi, poet and Spanish calligrapher exiled to Safi after 1492; his tomb is the object of pilgrimage.
Italian encyclopedist (1542–1612)
Talmudist of Lemberg, president of the Council of Four Countries, author of Eitan ha-Ezrachi.
German rabbi
Physician, philosopher and kabbalist, author of a Jewish catechism of the Renaissance.
Talmudist and dayan of Salonique, author of Ahot Ketannah.
Italian-Jewish polymath (1544–1599)
biblical scholar
born 1595; died 1663
Italian rabbi and physician, advocate of the critical approach to ancient texts
Italian rabbi
Scholar and physician, author of Me'or Enayim, pioneer of Jewish historical criticism.
rabbi and Talmudic scholar (1520-1591)
Talmudist, author of the Shitah Mekubetzet, a vast collection of Talmudic commentaries.
Talmudist, author of Shitah Mekubetzet, master of Isaac Luria.
Polish rabbi
Sephardic decisor, chief rabbi of Egypt in Cairo, author of thousands of responsa and teacher of Rabbi Isaac Luria. He ended his life in Safed.
Italian-Jewish physician (1525–1588)
Ashkenazi Jewish mathematician and astronomer
Polish rabbinic authority, author of the Turei Zahav (Taz), commentary on the Shulchan Aruch.
Dutch rabbi
Italian poet
Rabbi and ecclesiastical censor
Portuguese businesswoman and philanthropist, one of the most influential women of the Renaissance. A Marrano who had returned to Judaism, she organized escape networks for the crypto-Jews, negotiated with the Ottoman sultan, and attempted to found a Jewish colony in Tiberias.
rabbi, kabbalist, liturgical poet
Kabbalist of Safed, author of the Sefer Haredim and the song Yedid Nefesh.
Kabbalist of Safed, author of the Sefer Haredim and the celebrated liturgical poem Yedid Nefesh.
The Ranah, halakhic authority of Constantinople, author of the responsa Mayim Amukim.
Kabbalist of Safed, student of Cordovéro, author of the pious work Reshit Chochmah.
rabbi
Talmudist and Chief Rabbi of Chełm, linked to the legend of the Golem.
Polish rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist of Worms, called Baal Shem of Worms, commentator on the Zohar.
Talmudist, student of Joseph Karo and dean of the yeshiva of Safed.
Talmudist, led the yeshiva of Safed after Joseph Caro, author of homiletical commentaries.
rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist of Mantua, disciple of Menahem Azariah da Fano.
victim of the Spanish Inquisition
Scholar born in Safed, son of Moshe Cordovero, transmitter of his father's legacy.
Rabbi and Italian chronicler, author of the chronicle Shalshelet ha-Qabbalah.
Polish diplomat
Portuguese businesswoman
Italian rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist of Cairo nicknamed Baʽal Nes; works Be'or HaChaim and Sifsei Chaim.
kabbalist rabbi.
German rabbi (died 1588)
Kabbalist of Aleppo, disciple of Hayyim Vital in Damascus, author of « Mekor Hayyim » on the Shulchan Aruch.
Rabbi who came from Fès to organize the community of Tétouan, founder of a rabbinical dynasty.
Rabbi and talmudist of Salonika (Maharhash), great sage of Greek Jewry.
Italian rabbi
Sephardic scholar active in Venice, apologist for the Jewish oral tradition.
Greek Orthodox rabbi
First known member of the Coriat lineage, dayan and kabbalist of Marrakech.
Physician and rabbi of Salonika in the 16th century.
Jewish rabbi, kabbalist and mystic (16th c.)
The greatest kabbalist of Safed, founder of Lurianic Kabbalah. His concepts of Tzimtzum (divine contraction), Shevirat ha-Kelim (the breaking of the vessels), and Tiqqun (repair) revolutionized Jewish mysticism and profoundly influenced Hasidism and modern Jewish thought.
Spanish poet and rabbi
Prague rabbi
rabbi of Spanish origin
Rabbi of Safed, ordained by Jacob Berab, sat on the beth din with Karo and Trani.
Liturgical poet and kabbalist, author of numerous piyyutim sung in the Mediterranean.
Prolific Sephardi liturgical poet, author of the hymns in the collection Zemirot Yisrael.
Jewish kabbalist, student of Isaac Luria (1590–1610)
Palestinian mathematician
16th-century Polish commentator on Midrash (and the Bible)
noble tchèque
Sephardic Talmudist of Safed, initiator of the attempt to reinstate semikha to prepare for the messianic coming. He was a dominant figure in the city.
Rabbinical scholar and judge of Cairo (Maharikash), specialist in Jewish law.
Marrano physician returned to Judaism, kabbalist editor of Lurianic writings.
Dutch colonial governor
Rabbi and masorete, author of Minhat Shai, critical commentary on the biblical text.
Italian rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Polish rabbi
Rabbi
Rabbi and Sephardic commentator connected to the scholarly world of Safed and Jerusalem.
Polish rabbi
kabbalist, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer
person associated with Hebrew manuscripts
Chief rabbi of Smyrna, author of the Rosh Yosef, who excommunicated Shabbetaï Tsevi.
Sephardi rabbi
Moroccan Jewish merchant and diplomat
Rabbi born in Salonika, hakham of the Bet Yaakov congregation in Amsterdam.
Physician and scholar, engaged with Lurianic Kabbalah in his Maayan Ganim.
Talmudist and Kabbalist of Salonica, teacher of several great Sephardic rabbis including Joseph Caro. He was a central spiritual figure of the Ottoman Empire.
The Maharit, major Talmudist, chief rabbi of Constantinople, author of responsa.
German rabbi
Physician and rabbi of Constantinople, commentator of the Jerusalem Talmud.
Talmudist author of the annotations Ein Mishpat and Massoret ha-Shas of the printed Talmud.
Rabbi of Lemberg, author of the Sma and the commentaries Dricha and Pricha.
Eminent Talmudist at the head of the Cracow yeshiva, renowned for his halakhic acuity.
Ottoman Rabbi
Rabbi of Damascus, author of the commentary Me'or Einayim on the Ein Yaakov.
Physician and rabbi of Constantinople, commentator on the Talmud of Jerusalem (Sdeh Yehoshua).
Physician, poet, and Neoplatonic philosopher, son of Isaac Abravanel, author of the Dialoghi d'amore. His work left its mark on European Renaissance thought.
Czech rabbi
Italian rabbi
Chief rabbi of Mantua, preacher and author of the commentary Qol Yehuda on the Kuzari.
First rabbi of the Neveh Shalom synagogue in Amsterdam (1608).
Polish rabbi
Venetian Jewish scholar
Rabbi and Venetian writer, critic of the Kabbalah and author of Riti ebraici.
Decisor of Jerusalem, famous for his opposition to the project to restore rabbinic ordination (semikha) launched in Safed. Son of a rabbi who fled from Portugal.
Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel, chief rabbi of Prague, original thinker and legendary figure. His philosophical and ethical work anticipates modern themes (human dignity, education). The legend of the Golem, a clay creature he is said to have animated to protect the Jews, made him a universal cultural symbol.
Greek rabbi
Polish rabbi
Rabbi and maggid of Belgrade, died in Safed after travels in Europe.
Rabbi of Lublin (the Maharam), author of the Talmudic commentary Meir Einei Chakhamim.
Chief Rabbi of Moravia at Nikolsburg, author of the Tzemach Tzedek responsa.
Italian rabbi
Rabbi, masorete and poet, connected to the kabbalistic circle of Safed and Jerusalem.
Masorete, lexicographer and poet, author of studies on the text of the Bible.
rabbi, Masoretic scholar, lexicographer and poet
Rabbi of Brest-Litovsk then Cracow, author of the Chemot Gittin.
Renowned rabbi of Salonika, preacher and author, died in Constantinople.
Preacher and biblical commentator of Safed, renowned for his homilies on the Torah.
Kabbalist, author of Heikhal ha-Kodesh, kabbalistic commentary on prayer ritual.
Rabbi and kabbalist of Safed, author of the Seder ha-Yom (prayer Modeh Ani).
Kabbalist of Safed, author of the Pardes Rimonim, the first systematic synthesis of Kabbalah. He was the teacher of Isaac Luria.
Halakhic authority of Safed, one of the city's leading rabbis alongside Joseph Caro. Author of the Kiryat Sefer and numerous responsa.
Polish rabbi
Bohemian rabbi (c. 1530 – 1612)
Rabbi and preacher of Salonika, head of the Portuguese yeshiva.
16th-century Jewish scholar
rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist in Safed
Turkish rabbi
Rabbi, preacher and biblical commentator of Safed, renowned for his homiletic commentaries.
Rabbi of Galicia, author of the Maté Moché on practical ritual law.
Chief rabbi of Mantua, Hebrew grammarian and decisor of the 16th century.
16th-century Jewish preacher and exegete
Polish rabbi and kabbalist
Chief Rabbi of Cracow, kabbalist, author of the Megale Amoukot.
Chief rabbi of Kraków, he completed Joseph Caro's Shulhan Arukh with his glosses (Mappah, "the tablecloth") reflecting Ashkenazi customs. Without the Rema, Caro's code would have remained a Sephardic work; with him, it became the universal code of Judaism.
author
Yemenite Talmudist of Sanaa and Aden, author of Melekhet Shlomo on the Mishna.
rabbi, poet and Jewish kabbalist of the Ottoman Empire
Polish decisor, author of the Yam chel Chlomo, an independent Talmudist who favored a return to the sources over the codes. He headed the yeshiva of Lublin.
Rabbi and kabbalist, martyr of the 1648 massacres, author of kabbalistic commentaries.
Kabbalist, son of Hayyim Vital, editor and transmitter of Lurianic writings.
Commentator and preacher, student of Luria and Vital, author of the Midrash Shmuel.
Jewish commentator and preacher
Dutch-Jewish physician
rabbi
Commentator and kabbalist of Safed, author of the Midrash Shmuel on the Pirké Avot.
Rabbi (the Maharcha), author of the Hidouchei Halakhot, major Talmudic commentary.
Polish rabbi
Royal Prussian-born English polymath c. 1600–1662
Rabbi of Venice, son of the Maharam of Padua, renowned talmudic scholar.
Rabbi and exegete of Aleppo, author of biblical commentaries « Keli Yakar », surnamed Baal ha-Kelim.
Jewish-Moroccan merchant, diplomat and pirate
Ottoman Syrian rabbi
Dutch rabbi
Rabbi of Fès, head of the beth-din, halakhist and chronicler; author of Divrei ha-Yamim de Fès.
king for a day in Polish Jewish folklore
Polish rabbi
Kabbalistic author of Shefa Tal, disseminator of Cordoverian doctrine.
Jewish teacher
Rabbi born in Łęczyca, author of the Torah commentary Keli Yakar.
Italian rabbi
Polish rabbi
author and talmudist
Rabbi, kabbalist and poet of Safed, author of the Shabbat hymn Lekha Dodi.
Rabbi of Lublin (the Maharchal), author of the Yam Chel Chlomo on the Talmud.
(1544–1621)
Judge and scholar of Fès, author of the biblical commentary Tsouf Devash.
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi
Judeo-Persian poet of Lar, author of Makhzan al-pand (Treasury of Exhortation).
Ottoman rabbi
Polish rabbi
Rabbi and decisioner of Safed (the Maharitz), author of responsa.
Czech rabbi
Paytan (liturgical poet) Yemenite of the 16th c., author of the Sefer ha-Moussar.
Yemenite poet
Poet and Rabbinical scholar, author of Sefer ha-Moussar, a travel narrative in rimmed prose.
Hasidism, Jewish Enlightenment, emancipation, migrations.
writer
German rabbi
German biblical scholar
Ottoman Talmudist, author of the treatise Hen Yeshallah, in controversy with Moses Benveniste.
Judeo-Persian poet, author of Shoftim-nameh, versified paraphrase of the book of Judges.
Rabbi and Talmudist (Prague, Worms, Cracow), author of a commentary on the Haggada.
Rabbi active in Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, author of the biblical concordance Beit Aharon.
Talmudist and head of yeshiva in Constantinople, master of several Ottoman scholars.
Rabbi and author of Salonika, student of Hasdaï Perahia ha-Kohen.
British rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Polish Jewish rabbi
Rabbi, editor and merchant of Salé, of the Siboni family.
Lithuanian rabbi
Sephardi rabbi settled in Jerusalem in 1655, author of commentaries on Jewish law.
Emissary from the Holy Land called Mwalin Dad, saint healer; hiloula on Lag Ba'omer.
physician
Polish Orthodox rabbi
Rabbi of Amsterdam, student of Morteira, author of the Minhat Kohen.
Rabbi and kabbalist of Hebron in the 17th c.
Polish halakhic authority, author of the Magen Avraham, the reference commentary on the Orach Chayyim section of the Shulchan Aruch. He was active in Kalisz.
Spanish physician
Portuguese businessman
Posek, disciple of Judah Rosanes, chief rabbi of Constantinople from 1720.
Rabbi and kabbalist of Modena, editor of mystical manuscripts.
1627-1697; Rabbiner in Saloniki
Dutch banker (1614 - 1685)
The "Shaagas Aryeh", talmudist, rav in Metz; author of the eponymous collection of responsa.
Polish rabbi from a great lineage, who became Chief Rabbi of Amsterdam in 1740.
Kurdish-Jewish scholar, regarded as the first woman rabbi in history, head of a yeshiva in Mosul. She left writings in rabbinic Hebrew.
rabbin polonais
Polish Talmudist, author of the Magen Avraham, major commentary on the Shulchan Aruch.
founder of Hasidic Judaism
Poet-chronicler of Kashan, author of Kitab-i Anusi on the persecution of Jews under the Safavids.
Philosopher of Amsterdam, excommunicated (herem) by the Jewish community in 1656. His Theologico-Political Treatise (1670) founds modern biblical criticism. His Ethics, a masterpiece of rationalism, influenced the Enlightenment. Hegel called him "the starting point of all modern philosophy."
Judeo-Persian poet of Kashan called « Amina », author of some forty religious poems.
Jewish writer
Austrian rabbi and private banker (1691/92–1753)
Halakhic authority born in Constantinople, rabbi of Izmir, author of the Knesset ha-Gedolah.
Polish rabbi
Italian rabbi and editor
17th century rabbi
17th-century Ottoman rabbi and literary historian
Portuguese printer
Polish halakhic authority, author of the Turei Zahav (Taz), a fundamental commentary on the Shulchan Aruch. Son-in-law of the Bach, he survived the massacres of 1648.
Ashkenazi rabbi, Chief Rabbi of Mainz then Amsterdam, author of halakhic works.
scientist and physician, rabbi of the Sephardic community of London
Chief Rabbi of Prague and famous collector of Hebrew books and manuscripts.
Czech rabbi, 17th-18th c.
European rabbi
Rabbi of Hebron, author of responsa illuminating Jewish life in seventeenth-century Palestine.
Ottoman rabbi
rabbi
Rabbi and decisionist, author of the Eliyahu Rabbah, active in Prague and Tiktin.
Judeo-Persian poet, author of Shahzada va Sufi, Persian adaptation of the Buddha legend.
Polish-German rabbi
Dutch-Sephardi Jewish banker
German rabbi
Businesswoman and memoirist of Hamburg, author of memoirs in Yiddish that constitute a unique testimony on the daily life of Ashkenazi Jews in the seventeenth century. Mother of fourteen children and a prosperous merchant, she embodies the resilience of Jewish women.
rabbi (1616–1678)
Rabbinic authority of Smyrna who, in his old age, restored the Jewish community of Tiberias.
Rabbi of Constantinople then of Palestine, author of the homiletical work Esh Dat.
Rabbi of Constantinople and then of Palestine, author of Esh Dat.
Sephardi rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Foremost disciple of Rabbi Isaac Luria, he recorded and disseminated Lurianic Kabbalah in the Etz Hayyim. His work is the foundation of modern Jewish mysticism.
Italian rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Rabbi of Safed, student of Solomon Sagis in Talmud and of Hayyim Vital in Kabbalah.
Printed many Hebrew works including an edition of the Talmud
Rabbi, kabbalist and poet born in Ferrara, author of Mishnat Hasidim.
Jewish professor in England, 1600s
translator of the Pentateuch into Spanish
Jewish martyr
Ottoman rabbi
Rabbi, physician and preacher of Padua, author of Pahad Yitzhaq on the ghetto attack.
Rabbi and physician of Ferrara, author of the talmudic encyclopedia Pahad Yitzhaq.
Chief rabbi of Tunis and rabbinical author, judge of the community.
Italian rabbi
Spanish-Dutch poet
Talmudist and Kabbalist, author of the Shenei Luchot ha-Berit (the Shelah), a monument of ethics and piety. He emigrated from Prague to the Land of Israel.
Rabbi of Smyrna and Jerusalem, Rishon LeZion at the end of his life.
Sephardi chief rabbi (b. 1680 d. 1757)
talmudist, mathematician, and poet
Czech rabbi
Sephardic hakham, rabbi of the Portuguese community in London from 1680.
Rabbi and av beit din of Venice, in correspondence with European scholars.
Rabbi of Alexandria (the Maharif), author of responsa.
Talmudic author and rabbi of Istanbul in the 17th c. (Muzzal me-Esh).
Kabbalist and Portuguese physician, prolific editor of Lurianic doctrines.
Moroccan rabbi
Talmudist of Constantinople, initiator of the Me'am Lo'ez in Judeo-Spanish.
Talmudist born in Fès, founded a yeshiva in Jerusalem, opponent of Sabbatianism.
Great decisioner and paytan of Fès, head of the beth-din; responsa Mishpat ou-Tsedaka be-Yaakov.
Chief rabbi of Fès in Morocco, poet and decisioner of the 18th c.
Polish rabbi
Italian rabbi
Austrian rabbi
Rabbi and Bohemian halakhist, author of the Shevut Yaakov and Minchat Yaakov responsa.
Rabbi born in Algeria, kabbalist and resolute opponent of Sabbatianism.
Scribe and Egyptian rabbi, student of Abraham ha-Lévi of Cairo.
Polish halakhic authority, author of the Bayit Hadash (Bach), a major commentary on the Tur. He was chief rabbi of Kraków.
Rabbi
Sephardi Rabbi
18th century Italian kabbalist
Rabbi and kabbalist of Livorno, opponent of Sabbatianism, author of Shomer Emunim.
Rabbi and Italian kabbalist, author of the work Or Boqer.
Rabbi and judge of Salonika, author of Shulhan Gavoah.
18th-century court Jew
17th Century Ascetic
Av beth din of Algiers, decisioner, author of Beit Yehuda and the Minhagim of Algiers.
Rabbi of Mantua, talmudist and polemicist, opponent of kabbalistic heterodoxy.
Polish rabbi
Jewish kabbalist and messiah claimant
Chief Rabbi (Hakham Bashi) of Constantinople, author of the Mishneh la-Melekh.
Italian rabbi
Talmudist and methodologist of Livorno, author of the classic Yad Malachi.
Rabbi and printer of Amsterdam, he pleaded with Oliver Cromwell for the readmission of the Jews to England (1655), from which they had been expelled in 1290. His work The Hope of Israel linked the return of the Jews to England with messianic eschatology.
Hakham and emissary, headed the Jewish community of Tripoli for 20 years.
Chief Rabbi and av beit din of Tripoli, kabbalist; author of the Maʽasé Rokeah on the Mishné Torah.
rabbi
Rabbi of Hebron, emissary (shadar) to Europe for his community.
Ottoman rabbi
rabbi
German rabbi of Frankfurt and Fulda (Maharam Schiff), celebrated for his Talmudic novellae.
German rabbi and Talmud scholar
German rabbi
Rabbi and Talmudic commentator, author of the halakhic work Ateret Zekenim.
Rabbi of Constantine surnamed El Hasid, author of the Torah commentary Zera Emet.
Ottoman rabbi
Disciple of Joseph Caro in Safed, ordained rabbi and author of kabbalistic writings.
Talmudist and polemicist, defender of rabbinic authority and opponent of Sabbatianism.
Rishon LeZion and Hakham Bashi, head of a great yeshiva in Jerusalem.
Rabbi and Hebrew grammarian Sephardic of Amsterdam, prolific author.
Tunisian rabbi
Rabbi and German kabbalist, active in Darmstadt and Düsseldorf, author of responsa.
Judeo-Persian poet, author of Maaseh Pillegesh ba-Givea versifying Judges 19-21.
German rabbi
Rabbi, decisioner and kabbalist born in Meknès, emigrated to Jerusalem; author of Zoveah Toda.
Decisor and scholar, author of the Levouchim, an alternative halakhic codification to the Choulhan Aroukh. He was also versed in philosophy and astronomy.
Lithuanian rabbi, Chief Rabbi of Vilna, author of the Helkat Mehokek on the Even ha-Ezer.
person associated with Hebrew manuscripts
écrivain et poète kabbaliste
Jewish biblical commentator, physician, scholar, and Kabbalist from Italy
Traditional ruler
Ottoman rabbi
British businessman, founder of a synagogue in London
rabbi
Rabbi active in Prague, Leipnik then Worms, author of responsa.
Rabbi, kabbalist and poet, rabbi of Venice then of Mantua.
Rabbi and kabbalist of Safed, disciple of Joseph Karo who ordained him at age 22.
Lithuanian scholar and rabbi
Hasidic leader
rabbi and Kabbalist of German-Russian origin
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, author of Hoq Nathan; founder of the Borgel dynasty.
Jewish theologian known for having been the prophet of the false messiah Sabbataï Tsevi (1643-1680)
Moldavian rabbi
Rabbi of Karlsruhe, author of the halakhic commentary Korban Netanel.
Bosnian rabbi
rabbin allemand
Spanish historian, military personnel and jurist (1623-1692)
German astronomer and mathematician
Algerian rabbi of the first half of the 18th c.
Chief Rabbi of Algiers, from a lineage of talmudists, grandson of Rabbi Salomon Zeror.
17th century Bohemian rabbi
Polish rabbi
False messiah of Smyrna whose movement (Sabbateanism) shook the entire Jewish world in 1665–1666. His forced conversion to Islam provoked a major spiritual crisis. The Sabbatean trauma paradoxically reinforced rabbinic distrust of apocalyptic messianism.
Rabbi and Sephardi Talmudist, major halakhic authority of the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire.
Hakham of the Sephardic congregations in London and then Amsterdam.
Italian engraver
Rabbi and Talmudist active in Smyrna and Jerusalem in the 17th c.
British banker (1699-1762)
Chief rabbi and physician of Ancona, liturgist and correspondent of great scholars.
Austrian banker, court Jew, chief rabbi
Rabbi and decisor of Venice, opponent of Sabbatianism, author of Devar Shmuel.
Rabbi
German rabbi
Talmudist and codifier, head of the beth-din of Fès; author of Vayomer Chmouel.
Scholar born in Salonika, rabbi in Jerusalem, author of Imré Binah.
Rabbi of Adrianople, former secretary of Shabbetaï Tsevi, prominent figure of Sabbatianism.
Rabbi and Talmudist of Frankfurt, yeshiva director and interim Chief Rabbi.
rabbi
17th-century rabbi and writer
Chief rabbi of Tunisia and member of the Beth Din, died in Jerusalem.
Lithuanian rabbi
Halakhic authority of Vilna, author of the Siftei Kohen (Shakh), an essential commentary on the Shulchan Aruch covering Yoreh Deah and Choshen Mishpat. He fled the Chmielnicki pogroms.
Talmudist and halakhist, author of the Sifté Kohen (the Chakh) on the Choulhan Aroukh.
17th Century talmudist and halakhist
Born in Kalisz, founder of Jewish bibliography and author of the Siftei Chachamim on Rashi.
Kabbalist born in Marrakech, dayan and commentator on the Zohar.
Yemenite rabbi
Venetian rabbi
Italian rabbi and writer (c. 1680–1743)
Dutch rabbi
Dutch rabbi, poet, and philologist
Jewish banker in The Hague (1696-1782)
médecin polonais
Rabbi and Talmudist of Baghdad, author of the responsa « Tsedaka ou-Michpat ».
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, architect of the renewal of Jewish study in Tunis in the 17th century.
rabbi and writer (d. 1712)
Moravian rabbi
Rabbi (Chacham Tzvi), opponent of Sabbateanism, Chief Rabbi of Amsterdam, author of responsa.
Ottoman rabbi
Rabbi and posek of Worms, author of the collection of responsa Chavot Yair.
German rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Hakham de Londres
rabbi, cabalist, and anti-Shabbethaian
German rabbi
Rabbi and chronicler of Minsk, author of Seder ha-Dorot on Jewish chronology.
Lithuanian rabbi
Head of the dayanim of Fès, called « Rabbi al-Kabir »; author of Minhat Yehouda.
Translator of the Hebrew Bible into Yiddish (1634?–1684)
Rabbi and Yemenite scribe (the Maharib), copyist of sacred manuscripts.
Italian rabbi
Talmudist, author of the famous commentary on the Mishna, the Tossefot Yom-Tov. Chief rabbi of Prague and then of Cracow, he was imprisoned by the imperial authorities.
Russian rabbi
Rabbi born in Vilna, established in Frankfurt, author of the ethical work Kav ha-Yashar.
Hungarian rabbi
Rabbi and Italian liturgical poet, guide of the communities of Massa-Carrara.
Writer and satirist of the Haskala, author of a play on false pietists.
Canadian Jewish businessman
rabbi and founder of the Hasidic dynasty
French rabbi
Chief Rabbi and supreme judge of Aleppo for more than 40 years, author of « Ohel Yesharim » and « Mor ve-Ohalot ».
German rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
German rabbi
Ashkenazi Polish rabbi
German rabbi
rabbin allemand
Composer, active in Amsterdam from 1718 to 1738
Dayan of Tétouan and Mogador, kabbalist, died in Livorno.
Ukrainian rabbi
Poet and educator of Vilna (Adam ha-Kohen), author of Shirei Sefat Kodesh.
chief rabbi of Denmark (1753-1827)
Brother-in-law of the Baal Shem Tov, kabbalist who emigrated to the Holy Land in 1747.
American rabbi
rabbi
Community leader, historian and liturgical poet of Tripoli; author of Hayyei Avraham.
Russian rabbi
German rabbi
Moravian rabbi
Kabbalist and preacher, brother of the Gaon of Vilna, author of Maalot HaTorah.
Swiss rabbi
Rabbinical author born in Tunis, established in Jerusalem, died in Amsterdam.
Polish inventor
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia called Baba Sidi; signatory of the taqqana Twânsa-Granas (1741).
French rabbi
rabbin hassidique (1748–1825)
Kabbalist and author
Hasidic rabbi (1759-1826)
German publisher
Rabbi and Tunisian author, member of the Djerba community.
rabbi (1720/21–1758)
(1778-1835)
historical figure
Kabbalist of Grodno, author of Yessod ve-Choresh ha-Avoda, guide to Jewish prayer.
Moroccan rabbi (1743-1782)
Rabbi-judge and codifier of the Elbaz family of Sefrou.
German-Jewish banker
Polish rabbi
Hasidic leader, known as Shpoler Zeide (Grandfather of Shpola)
First and only Chief Rabbi of Galicia, based in Brody.
Rabbi born in Grodno, kabbalist known as the Baal ha-Pardes, correspondent of the Gaon of Vilna.
Poet of the Galician Haskala, author of the collection Shirim Shonim.
German rabbi
French singer and songwriter
community leader
18th-century Hasidic Rabbi
19th C. rabbi in Ciechanow
Talmudic judge
Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
Founder of Hasidism in Podolia (Ukraine). His revolutionary teaching emphasized joy, fervent prayer, and the divine presence in all things, making spirituality accessible to the Jewish masses. Hasidism became the most important movement of renewal in modern Judaism.
Chronicler of Kashan, grandson of Babai ben Lutf, author of Kitab-i sarguzasht-i Kashan (1729).
Rabbi and Talmudist
Hungarian rabbi
(1762-1813)
Writer (1744-1808)
French banker
son of Solomon Zalman; disciple of the Gaon of Vilna
Polish-Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
German rabbi
Jewish convert, professor of Hebrew language in Helmstedt
German banker
Chief Rabbi of Ottoman Palestine
Av Beit Din in Smyrna, then chief Sephardi rabbi (Rishon LeZion) of Jerusalem from 1861.
Polish rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of Salé, grandfather and master of the author of the Or HaHaïm.
rabbi of Tiberias
Moroccan rabbi
Grand Rabbi and tsaddik of Mogador, venerated for his miracles; annual pilgrimage to his tomb.
Disciple of the Gaon of Vilna, founder of the yeshiva of Volozhin and author of the Nefesh HaChaim.
Hungarian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Polish Hasidic rabbi
The most famous paytan of Moroccan Judaism, born in Meknès, author of the collection Tehila le-David.
Great Jewish liturgical poet of Morocco, author of numerous piyyoutim.
Chief Rabbi of Berlin, master of Mendelssohn, commentator on the Jerusalem Talmud.
Polish Rabbi (1746-1814)
Dutch rabbi
Neo-Hebrew poet, author of the drama Gemul Atalyah inspired by Racine.
Hungarian maskil, rabbi, and astronomer
Moroccan writer and rabbi
rabbin allemand
rabbi
Italian rabbi
British economist and philosopher
Notable and Jewish treasurer of Baghdad, founder of the Sassoon merchant dynasty in Bombay.
Chief Rabbi of France
Ukrainian rabbi
German rabbi
German rabbi
librarian
Hungarian rabbi
Volhynian Hasidic leader
Successor of the Baal Shem Tov and organizer of the Hasidic movement, he trained the first generation of Hasidic masters. His teaching spread Hasidism throughout Eastern Europe.
Successor of the Baal Shem Tov, principal architect and systematizer of Hasidism.
Polish rabbi
Second Rebbe of Chabad (1773–1827)
Czech rabbi (1754-1826)
Polish writer (1758-1837)
Rabbi of Prague, opponent of Sabbateanism and Frankism, president of the rabbinical court.
German rabbi
(approximately 1786-1854?)
Italian rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, son of Nathan, author of Migdanot Nathan.
German rabbi
Austrian rabbi
Bulgarian rabbi
1794-1868, Polish-German private tutor, Jewish scholar and book collector, gave his name to the Bibliotheca Rosenthaliana in Amsterdam
(1794-1849)
Author of the Noam Elimelech, theorist of the doctrine of the tsaddik in Hasidism.
18th-century Hasidic rabbi from Poland
Galician Hasidic master, author of the Noam Elimelekh, a foundational work of the doctrine of the tzaddik. He was one of the principal disciples of the Maggid of Mezeritch.
Judge and halakhic authority of the Maghreb from 1770, nicknamed « Light of Israel ».
rabbi
American rabbi and lexicographer
Chief Rabbi of France
businessman and politician in South Australia (1800–1873)
Galician rabbi from Brody
Female convict transported to New South Wales
French woman of letters
Rabbi and author
Chief Rabbi of Prague, major decisioner, author of the Noda BiYehuda responsa.
rabbi
Hungarian Jewish community leader
German entrepreneur
The greatest talmudic genius of Lithuanian Judaism, known as the Gaon of Vilna. A master of all disciplines (Talmud, Kabbalah, mathematics, astronomy), he opposed nascent Hasidism. His disciples founded the first immigration movement to the Land of Israel in the nineteenth century.
German rabbi and politician
Italian physician
Rabbi and kabbalist of Tunis venerated as a holy miracle-worker (« Lo Met »).
Son of Amram ben Diwan, saint venerated buried in Ouirgane, near Marrakech.
Polish rabbi
18th-century rabbi (known as Le Hida)
Chief rabbi of Smyrna, author of more than 70 works in Hebrew and Judeo-Spanish.
German rabbi
19th-century Turkish and Palestinian rabbi
Polish businessman (1740 - 1785)
Ottoman rabbi and Talmudist
Moroccan kabbalist and exegete, author of the Or ha-Hayyim commentary on the Torah, revered in the Hasidic world. He emigrated to the Land of Israel and founded a yeshiva in Jerusalem.
Polish rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Aleppo (from 1858) and head of the Beth Din, author of the responsa « Nokhah ha-Shulchan ».
Disciple of the Gaon of Vilna, founded the yeshiva of Volozhin and wrote the Nefesh HaChaim.
Ottoman rabbi
rabbi
Rabbi and preacher of Salonika, author of Sippour ha-Hayyim.
Scholar, bibliographer, and emissary of the Land of Israel, author of the Shem ha-Gedolim, a vast register of rabbis and works. He traveled through Europe and the East as a collector.
German bibliographer
Czech rabbi
Orthodox Jewish Chabad Rabbi
rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
Polish rabbi
British rabbi
rabbin et chef de communauté du XIXe siècle à Tétouan, Maroc
Chief rabbi of Tétouan, decisioner; author of the responsa Vayomer Yitzhak.
British writer
Satirist and poet of the Galician Haskala, author of Ha-Tsofeh le-Veit Yisrael.
Peerage person ID=714520
Ottoman rabbi
Prolific writer of the early Haskala, author of Mishlei Asaf.
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, author of Erekh ha-Choulhan, a commentary in six volumes.
writer
German rabbi
Austrian businessman
Austrian rabbi
Italian rabbi
Talmudist, rabbi of Breslau, pioneer of critical annotation of the Talmud.
Hungarian rabbi
Hasidic rabbi
German Jewish philanthropist and community organizer (1768-1828)
German rabbi
ḥazzan and composer (1773–1832)
Hasidic rebbe
French rabbi
18th-century Talmudist
Chief Rabbi of Damascus, arrested and tortured during the Damascus Affair (1840); emigrated to Jerusalem.
Russian Talmudist
Tunisian Jewish scholar
Jewish preacher
Poet and mathematician, author of Ha-Kerav describing the game of chess in verse.
German decisor and polemicist, famous for his struggle against the remnants of Sabbateanism. Author of a reference annotated siddur.
Hasidic rabbi of Pchicha (Przysucha)
German rabbi
Disciple of the Baal Shem Tov, author of the Toldot Yaakov Yosef, first printed Hasidic book.
Preacher (maggid) of Dubno, celebrated for his parables illustrating Jewish tradition.
French rabbi
Posek and rosh yeshiva of Tripoli, author of some forty works including Kol Yaakov.
-1801
German rabbi
rabbi
German writer
Hasidic rabbi of Zolochiv
German rabbi and Talmudist
Czech rabbi
German artist
Ottoman rabbi
German-Hungarian rabbi
Talmudic and kabbalistic prodigy, chief rabbi of the « Three Communities » (Altona, Hamburg, Wandsbek). He was at the heart of a famous controversy with Jacob Emden.
German rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Galician rabbi
Tunisian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
Galician rabbi, author of the Pri Megadim, reference supercommentary on the Shulchan Aruch.
German rabbi
Russian rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Tunis (1847), kabbalist, author of Avnei Tsedek on the Choulhan Aroukh.
From a rabbinical lineage of Tétouan, grand rabbi of Corfu and precursor of Zionism.
rabbi and Talmudist
Tunisian rabbi
Grammarian and poet, author of the grammar Talmud Lashon Ivri.
Rationalist Galician maskil, author of the dialogue Kinat ha-Emet.
German writer
Jewish Moroccan writer and poet (the Rakhbam) of the 18th c.
rabbi
Hasidic master known as the advocate of the Jewish people, rabbi of Berditchev.
Ukrainian rabbi
German poet
German Rabbi (1737–1814)
Transylvanian-born German rabbi
Austro-Hungarian rabbi (1794-1857)
Chief Rabbi of France
Rabbi of the Livornese congregation of Tunis, successor of Isaac Lumbroso.
Tunisian rabbi of the 18th c.
Chief Rabbi of Tunis, author of Mishha de-Rabbuta, commentary on the Shulchan Aruch.
Rabbi and Italian liturgist, author of poems and responsa.
German music publisher who worked in Paris
banker (1744–1812)
French rabbi
Austrian rabbi
German rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Poet, editor and translator, student of Krochmal, master of the historical ballad.
Rabbi
rabbi
early leader of Hasidic Judaism
1728–1793
Hasidic rebbe, one of the principal diffusers of Hasidism in Poland and Galicia.
Disciple of the Maggid, spread Hasidism in Belarus then emigrated to the Land of Israel.
Founder of the Chernobyl dynasty, author of the Meor Einayim among the earliest Hasidic writings.
hasidic rebbe (1768–1825)
Hasidic rabbi
Danish merchant and press man (1780–1868)
German rabbi
German author
matriarch of the Hebron community
Ukrainian rabbi
British Chief Rabbi
Tunisian rabbi
German Reform rabbi (1785–1839)
German rabbi (1744-1826)
Czech rabbi
German poet
French rabbi and historian of Alsatian Judaism
Italian rabbi
Rabbi of Salonika in the first half of the 18th century.
Italian kabbalist, poet and moralist, author of the Messilat Yecharim (The Path of the Just), a classic of Jewish ethics. He was a pioneer of modern literary Hebrew.
Berlin philosopher, father of the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment). His Jerusalem (1783) defends freedom of conscience and the separation of Church and State. His translation of the Torah into German (in Hebrew characters) opened the Jews to European culture. Nicknamed the "Socrates of Berlin."
Polish rabbi
Writer and educator of Vilna, called the father of Hebrew prose.
Italian rabbi
Merchant and rabbi of Tunis, successor of Isaac Lumbroso.
Moravian Talmudist
Dayan of Meknès called « Ha-Marbitz » (the spreader of Torah); author of Mishne la-Melekh.
Austrian writer
British-born American rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Cairo and Alexandria
Hungarian rabbi
German philosopher
journalist
The "Ramhal", rabbi, kabbalist and moralist born in Padua, author of Mesilat Yesharim.
rabbi (-1830)
Polish rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
chief Rabbi of Israel
Polish Rabbi (1776-1851)
Founder of Breslov Hasidism, great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov, known for his tales.
Polish rebbe (1760-1827)
First rebbe of Ropshitz, founder of a Galician Hasidic dynasty.
Ukrainian rabbi
1805-1870
Hakham and kabbalist, one of the leaders of the Tripoli community for half a century.
German rabbi
Ukrainian rabbi
Czech rabbi (1779–1842)
Rabbi and poet of Algiers, author of commentaries on piyyutim (Hokhmat Misken, Livorno 1772).
Tunisian rabbi
Dayan of Meknès, author of the responsa Nofet Tsoufim and of the commentary Pittuhei Hotam.
(1798-1881)
Polish and German rabbi
Hasidic master, important disciple of the Baal Shem Tov, rabbi of Korets.
Hasidic master, companion of the Baal Shem Tov, renowned for his teachings on truth and humility. He profoundly influenced Hasidic thought.
Great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov, hasidic master and storyteller of genius. His Tales (Sippurei Maasiot) are allegorical narratives of unheard-of mystical depth. His teaching — "The whole world is a very narrow bridge; the essential thing is not to be afraid" — remains alive in Bratslav Hasidism.
Hebrew poetess of Trieste, one of the first women maskilot.
Dayan and great scholar of Meknès, reference authority of Moroccan Judaism.
rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Italian rabbi
English rabbi
chief Rabbi of Israel from 1756 to 1771
Hasidic rabbi and theologian
Swiss rabbi
Rabbi and decisioner of Aleppo from 1740 until his death; at the heart of the Franco controversy in the 1760s.
Rabbi of Algiers, co-author with Judah Ayache of works describing the customs of the Jews of Algiers.
Polish rabbi
German banker
British rabbi
Jewish astronomer and poet of Baghdad, whose piyyoutim remain in Iraqi liturgy.
Austrian banker and businessman (1774-1855)
banquier allemand
German rabbi and Bible commentator
Galician maskil, author of Shevilei Olam, the first general geography in Hebrew.
Dutch chief rabbi (1773-1838)
rabbi of Prague
German rabbi
Czech rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Rabbi and Yemenite kabbalist (the Rashash), head of the Bet El yeshiva in Jerusalem.
Rabbi, Kabbalist and poet of Baghdad, author of piyyoutim and works of Kabbalah.
German rabbi
Dutch rabbi
German-Jewish communal activist and scholar
German rabbi
Poet, founder of the journal Bikure ha-Itim, author of the epic Nir David.
rabbi (1800–1851)
hasidic Rabbi and father of the Ruzhiner Rebbe
Orthodox rabbi and kabbalist.
German-Hungarian rabbi (1755-1825)
Hasidic rabbi
Galician rabbi
senior rabbi in Chelm
rabbi (1785-1851)
Hassidic Rebbi
Lithuanian Orthodox Rabbi and first Rebbe of Chabad (1745–1812)
Founder of Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidism, author of the Tanya and the Choulhan Aroukh HaRav.
First Rebbe of Belz (1783-1855)
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi, author of the Merkevet HaMishneh on the code of Maimonides, scholar in grammar.
Austrian rabbi
Poet and grammarian, first translator of Shakespeare into Hebrew.
Hebrew poet
Austrian rabbi
rabbi
Born in Frankfurt, became Chief Rabbi of Great Britain at the Great Synagogue in London.
German rabbi
Polish rabbi
The Gaon of Vilna, supreme talmudic authority and spiritual leader of the mitnagdim against Hasidism.
Head of the beth-din of Meknès, dayan and poet; author of Kol Yaakov.
Rabbi born in Algiers, ascended to Jerusalem where he became Rishon le-Tsion, author of Derekh Hayim.
Polish Rabbi (1792-1874)
Talmudist and Rabbinical judge of Baghdad, considered one of the great scholars of his generation.
Rabbi
Libyan Hakham
Polish rabbi
Disciple of the Baal Shem Tov and the first author to commit his teachings to writing in the Toledot Yaakov Yosef. His book is the major source of early Hasidism.
rabbi
Maggid of Zloczow, disciple of the Baal Shem Tov and of the Maggid of Mezeritch.
19th-century kabbalist, Rosh Yeshiva of Bet El Yeshiva
Talmudist and merchant of Baghdad, founder of the first Jewish synagogues in Calcutta.
Polish rabbi
rabbi (1798–1878)
Sephardic rabbi
rabbi (1743-1819)
Rabbi and judge of Meknès, author of essays in various domains of the Torah.
Yemeni Rabbi
Greatest decisor of Yemen, av beit din of Sanaa, author of the liturgical commentary Etz Hayyim.
Lithuanian rabbi
religious leader
Chabad Rabbi
Hungarian rabbi and composer (1751–1821)
Belarusian Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva
Son of Reb Chaim, rosh yeshiva of Volozhin (« Reb Itzele »), mitnagdim figure.
18th century Ottoman rabbi
18th through 19th century rabbi and author
Moroccan rabbi
Chief rabbi of Tunis and head of the Beth Din in the 18th c.
Rebbe hassidique en Pologne
Rabbi
Hasidic master, brother of Elimelekh of Lizhensk, a figure of simplicity and devotion celebrated in many Hasidic tales. Disciple of the Maggid of Mezeritch.
Lithuanian rabbi
Hasidic tsaddik, disciple of the Maggid of Mezeritch, figure of humility and simplicity.
Galician Yiddish short-story writer.
Yiddish poet (A. Leyeles), cofounder and theorist of the In Zikh group.
rabbi and author
Soviet Yiddish poet from the Kiev circles (Vidervuks).
American rabbi
Yiddish and Hebrew playwright, poet and essayist, author of "Chelmer Chachomim".
American rabbi
Rosh yeshiva and posek of Iraqi Jewry
Rabbi, kabbalist and historian of Fès, author of the chronicle Yahas Fas.
Russian rabbi
rabbi (1813–1880)
Poet, dramatist and memoirist of the Russian Haskala.
German Jewish theologian and historian
French rabbi
Russian rabbi
English scholar (1887–1957)
American rabbi
French rabbi (1857-1925)
Canadian rabbi
Dutch Rabbi
Russo-Austrian scholar
German rabbi and scholar, the principal theorist of Reform Judaism and its historical-critical approach. Cofounder of the science of Judaism.
Chief Rabbi of Tunis (1873–1880), author of Zaro shel Abraham.
Hakham and av beit din of Tripoli; author of the Vayikra Avraham (responsa) and HaShomer Emet.
Russian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Educator and critic of the Russian Haskala, theorist of Hebrew poetry.
rabbi (1884-1941)
Second Kopishnitzer Rebbe
Hungarian rabbi
Czech rabbi
Alsatian physician and professor of otology at the University of Strasbourg (1838–1900)
German rabbi
Hasidic rabbi from Romania
German rabbi
Czech rabbi
Chief rabbi of Smyrna for thirty years, author of some twenty works on Jewish law.
British Orthodox rabbi (1825–1893)
Poet, author for youth and translator, innovative Hebrew style.
American rabbi
Chief Rabbi (1862–1934)
Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
Writer and editor (Ha-Melitz, Ha-Tsefira), activist of the early Hibbat Zion.
rabbi of a Hebrew congregation (1844-1923)
Dutch rabbi (1847–1925)
German rabbi
Slonimer Rebbi
Academic and traditional Talmudic scholar (1895–1970)
Chief Rabbi of Denmark (1801-1891)
Rabbi and pacifist (1877–1957)
American rabbi
holocaust victim (1879–1944)
Polish Jew, physician of and professor of physiology at the University of Lemberg (1863–1942)
Hungarian theologian, rabbi and historian
Austrian entrepreneur (1801–1889)
Czech rabbi
German rabbi and historian (1879–1958)
American lawyer
rabbin autrichien
German rabbi
German rabbi
German rabbi
Hungarian journalist, editorial advisor
Austrian writer and revolutionary
American rabbi
French lawyer and politician, Minister of Justice, president of the Alliance Israélite Universelle. The Crémieux Decree of 1870 granted French citizenship to the Jews of Algeria.
German political figure
Rabbi, son-in-law of Chofetz Chaim (1863–1936)
Jewish intellectual and translator (1866–1950)
American rabbi
Rabbi of the Ashkenazi community of Cairo from 1896, member of the rabbinical court.
rabbi (6 juin 1802 – 23 juin 1872)
Novelist of the Second Aliyah, brother of president Yitzhak Ben-Zvi.
Ukrainian rabbi
rabbi
European Rabbi (1869-1931)
Lithuanian rabbi
French writer and journalist
Talmudic genius, chief rabbi of Posen, renowned for his penetrating glosses on the Talmud and the Shulchan Aruch. Father-in-law of the Chatam Sofer.
Israeli rabbi
Hungarian rabbi (1837–1922)
German businessman
Tunisian politician
Theoretical physicist, author of the theory of relativity, Nobel laureate 1921. A German Jew exiled to the United States, he supported Zionism and was considered for the presidency of Israel (1952), which he declined. His scientific genius and ethical commitment embody the Jewish intellectual tradition.
Turkish-born rabbi, businessman, lawyer and social activist
American architect
Hungarian painter
Moravian Hebrew scholar (1816-1908)
German merchant (1870–1942)
Italian economist
Lithuanian rabbi
Italian archaeologist (1879–1944)
Dutch physician and feminist
Jewish journalist and writer
Dutch accountant and translator (1899–1943)
(1848-1917)
United States rabbi and orientalist (1842–1894)
Rabbi and Av Beth Din, disciple of Israel Salanter, author of Divrei Emes, close to Hibbat Zion.
German banker and patron (1839-1911)
German rabbi (1816-1869)
Austrian composer
politician (1886–1938)
Polish rabbi
Russian theatre director (1885–1950)
composer and pianist
Austrian psychiatrist and psychotherapist
ophtalmologue allemand (1871–1940)
British banker and art collector (1842–1918)
French general of Alsatian origin and Jewish faith
biblical scholar
American-German classical philologist (1862–1942)
German physician and painter (1863-1922), pioneer of laryngoscopy
German Jewish entrepreneur and art collector refugee from Nazis (1883-1941)
French rabbi
German mathematician
German architect
film music composer, conductor and pianist
French architect
Portuguese mineralogist (1856–1941)
Austrian writer (1869–1944)
German activist
Austrian writer and photojournalist
banker and art collector
French painter
Polish photographer and writer (1885-1941)
Second Novominsker Rebbe (1874–1932)
Chief Rabbi of Petah Tikva (1892-1966)
rabbi, leader of the anti-Zionist Orthodox Jewish group "Neturei Karta"
Hungarian rabbi
last chief-rabbi of Yemen's Jewish community (1871-1952)
Hungarian writer
Hungarian writer, poet and critic
Hungarian photographer
French writer
Cancer researcher; created a lineage of mice resistant to tumors.
Modernist Yiddish poetess, associated with Di Yunge and the introspectivists.
New Zealand garden and landscape designer
German Orthodox rabbi
Austrian banker and philanthropist
Yiddish playwright, lyricist and theatre director, author of more than fifty plays.
conductor, composer (1889-1945)
American journalist
Dutch Jewish industrialist and art collector (1874–1951)
Austrian actor
(1893–1944) physician, psychoanalist, Holocaust victim
Hungarian rabbi (1870–1941)
French rabbi, Chief Rabbi of Strasbourg for nearly sixty years
American rabbi
Czech educator and translator
Hungarian rabbi
Polish rabbi, local government official, social activist
Dutch rabbi
German rabbi
German-Israeli rabbi and librarian
Philosopher, philologist
German entrepreneur and poet (1864-1912)
American politician
French rabbi
rabbi
Galician decisor, author of the Ketsot ha-Hochen, a major work of analysis of Jewish civil law. His work is a classic of Talmudic study.
Russian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Rabbi
Polish rosh yeshiva and posek
Short-story writer and editor, founder of the bio-bibliographic institute Genazim.
Bulgarian historian and rabbi
American newspaper dealer (1828-1886)
Austrian writer
Hungarian-Israeli writer, first poet laureate of the city of Tel-Aviv.
American Rabbi
Canadian rabbi
Yemenite Rabbi, member of the Yemenite Rabbinical court established in Jerusalem in 1908.
Grand rabbi and author of Ottoman Smyrna (now Izmir)
Ukrainian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
French rabbi
Israeli politician
Last Chief Rabbi of Kovno, author of the responsa Devar Avraham; died in the Kovno ghetto.
American rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Israeli politician
Chief Rabbi of Baghdad on several occasions, student of Abdallah Somekh.
Belarusian-American Haredi rabbi
rabbi
The Hazon Ish, supreme halakhic authority of haredi Judaism in Bnei Brak.
Polish rabbi
Last rosh yeshiva of Telshe in Lithuania, murdered during the Shoah.
Rosh yeshiva, director of the Novardok network (Beis Yosef), son-in-law of the Alter of Novardok; emigrated to the USA.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli politician
Romanian writer
Polish rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Belarusian rabbi
Third Sadigura Rebbe (1884-1961)
Israeli rabbi
Yiddishist pedagogue and essayist, theorist of « integral Jewishness ».
German rabbi
Romanian painter
Belarusian rabbi
First Rebbi of Sert Viznitz
Author of Torah Temimah, commentary linking Written Torah and Oral Law.
German rabbi
Czech rabbi
Polish military rabbi (1897-1940)
Rabbinical scholar (1883-1969)
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian physician, internist, university professor and politician
American screenwriter
Iraqi rabbi
Dutch physician
Polish rabbi
Israeli educator
Storyteller of Odessa of traditional Jewish life, member of the Hovevei Zion.
Writer and editor, founder of the Tushiyah publishing house in Warsaw.
Israeli Zionist activist, teacher, historian and politician
American entrepreneur
German Orthodox rabbi
German rabbi
Romanian Jewish traveller and historian
French rabbi
Teacher, Talmud researcher (1879–1944)
German sculptor
German rabbi
Jewish politician from Bukovina
rabbi, author and Jewish orator (1851–1914)
Israeli rabbi
French rabbi
Dutch rabbi
American art historian (1865-1959)
Polish rabbi, politician, and diplomat (1874–1938)
American rabbi
Russian-born American Orthodox rabbi and scholar (1885-1940)
Lithuanian lawyer, judge, journalist and politician (1859–1929)
Hungarian rabbi and church writer (1872-?)
Austrian gynecologist (1882-1942)
Austrian writer
German rabbi
Russian political figure
Hungarian theologian, rabbi and lecturer
German dermatologist (1891-1956)
Slovak-born Hungarian writer (1860–1903)
Moravian rabbi
Russian rabbi (1820–1878)
rabbi (1813–1882)
American Jewish historian and talmudist (1899–1968)
Belarusian rabbi
rabbi
historien de l'art, écrivain et éditeur allemand (1888-1968)
German author (1881–1956)
German rabbi
Belgian politician
French Impressionist painter born in the Danish West Indies, a paternal figure of the movement. He influenced Cézanne and Gauguin.
Austrian actor
American producer (1867-1939)
German artist (1881-1942)
German physician
French philanthropist
Mathematician, first woman to earn a doctorate in mathematics from a Canadian university.
Yiddish poetess known for her poems on desire and death.
rabbi of Valozhyn, Moscow, and Jerusalem (1832–1912)
Kabbalist of Aleppo; ascended to Jerusalem where he directed the yeshiva Rehovot ha-Nahar, author of « Eifa Sheleima ».
Hungarian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Talmudist and specialist in Targum combining rabbinic erudition and modern textual criticism.
Ottoman rabbi (1834–1904)
American Orthodox rabbi (1857–1935)
American rabbi
Ottoman rabbi (1872–1960)
Belarusian rabbi
Grandson of the preceding, born in Essaouira and active in Casablanca, venerated as a saint.
Lithuanian Talmudist, rosh yeshiva
« Reb Chaim Telzer », rosh yeshiva of Telz, architect of the Telzer Derech method of study.
Polish mathematician, writer and journalist
Russian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Russian rabbi
Founder of the Brisk analytical method, rabbi of Brest-Litovsk and master at Volozhin.
Russian-American rabbi and scholar (1870–1949)
Hungarian Rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Rosh yeshiva
Polish activist
rabbi (1864-1948)
20th century Hasidic Rebbe born in Romania, died in the USA
Philosopher and essayist, theorist of Yiddishism and Jewish diasporism.
American rabbi and writer (1881–1973)
French figurative sculptor (1888-1968)
Ukrainian rabbi
Hasidic rabbi (1836-1904)
Fourth Sochatchover Rebbe
rabbi
British businessman
Franco-German photographer
Geneticist, founder of mutagenesis; discovered the mutagenic effect of mustard gas.
German-American trans actress
German politician
Physician and psychotherapist, author of pioneering work in sexology on bisexuality.
Rabbi born in Aleppo, founded a yeshiva; emigrated to Buenos Aires where he prohibited conversions (« Dibber Chaoul »).
President of the rabbinical court of Fès for 50 years, kabbalist; author of Asher li-Shlomo.
French stage actor (1805-1896)
Founder of Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidism and author of the Tanya and the Shulchan Aruch ha-Rav. He developed intellectual Hasidic thought (Chabad).
German chemist
Developmental psychologist, pioneering study of child language through 18 years of journals.
English Jewish scholar and theologian
German Jewish historian, teacher and art collector (1869-1940)
Lyric poet and photographer of Saint Petersburg, patron of the Odessa Committee.
Romanian political figure
Italian writer
19th-century German grammarian
Rabbi, poet and biblical commentator, rabbi of Florence.
Orthodox Rabbi (1883-1979)
Italian journalist (1876–1965)
German teacher
Polish rabbi, founder of Agudat Israël
Georgian writer
Tunisian rabbi
Moroccan rabbi
Rabbi of Rabat who emigrated to Jerusalem, founder of the Maghrebi community (Edah HaMaaravit).
German educator and Hebraist
Lithuanian rabbi
Rabbi from the Cohen-Scali dynasty of Debdou, who became grand rabbi of Oran.
Rabbi, writer
Yiddish worker and anarchist poet, died of tuberculosis at 26.
rabbin américain
Russian Hebraist
Austrian orientalist (1846–1912)
Austrian historian
Yiddish prose writer, cofounder of the Di Yunge group in New York.
Russian-German sociologist
Tunisian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
19th century rabbi (1827–1903)
Rabbinic author of Tunis, Talmudic novellae (Tsemah David, Livorno 1828).
rabbin, théologien et philosophe (1866–1924)
American rabbi
composer and cellist
Belarusian Haredi rabbi
cantor, Jewish liturgical music
Poet of the pioneering idylls of the Second Aliyah, Israel Prize 1954.
Danish rabbi and academic (1853-1932)
Chief Rabbi of Saint Petersburg, talmudic scholar from an illustrious rabbinic lineage.
Slovak rabbi
Hebrew poet and novelist from Vienna, assassinated at Auschwitz.
British rabbi
First Tolner Rebbe
Yiddish poetess and philosopher, figure of the Lwów avant-garde.
Hungarian writer, journalist
Hungarian opera singer
Yiddish novelist of Chicago, chronicler of the Pale of Settlement.
American rabbi and writer
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi
Lithuanian politician
Third Sochatchover Rebbe (1876-1942)
Yiddish poet of the Kiev group; killed in the Night of the Murdered Poets.
Founder of the Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim in the United States; disciple of Slabodka.
born:1815-11-14|died:1890-07-21|; Duschak, M. (Moritz), 1815-1890; Duschak, M. (Moritz), rabbi, 1815-1890; דושק, מרדכי, 1815-1890; Duschak, M.
Économiste et journaliste. - Rabbin. - Député à la diète de Pozsony, Bratislava (en 1870).
American rabbi
Holocaust victim, mother of Anne Frank
Psychoanalyst, theorist of the self and depression; imprisoned by the Nazis for resistance.
Neurologist and psychiatrist, pioneer in the psychotherapeutic use of hypnosis.
Hungarian violinist
traditional Algerian singer
Austrian composer
Austrian historian
German mathematician
German classical philologist and historian of religions
Austrian politician
American rabbi
Hungarian footballer
Rosh yeshiva of Ponevezh, author of the Avi Ezri, leader of Lithuanian Judaism and founder of Degel HaTorah.
Israeli rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
English children's writer
publicist
rabbi (1817-1890)
Dutch botanist and conservationist (1861–1914)
Greek architect
French rabbi
advisor to the King of Hawaii
chief Rabbi of Athens during the Holocaust
German historian
Polish lawyer
Italian rabbi
French rabbi
Honorary Chief Rabbi of Belgium (1866-1979), Deputy to the Chief Rabbi of Paris (1857), One of the founders of the Alliance Israélite Universelle (1860)
Father of modern Hebrew. A Lithuanian linguist who emigrated to Jerusalem, he devoted his life to the rebirth of Hebrew as a spoken language. His monumental dictionary (17 volumes) and his struggle for Hebrew in schools turned this dead language into a living national tongue.
Yiddish poet and short-story writer born in Poland, member of the In Zikh group.
Austrian Galician Rabbi, of the town of Czernowitz and of province of Bukovina
Lithuanian rabbi
Romanian rabbi
Jewish liturgist (1817–1887)
rabbi
German rabbi
Israeli educator (1879-1946)
American-Lithuanian rabbi
Yiddish fabulist from Bessarabia, pedagogue, author of the collection « Mesholim ».
American-Lithuanian rabbi
Writer and editor, first editor of the literary journal Ktuvim.
Lithuanian rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva of Mir (Poland then Jerusalem); called « Reb Leizer Yudel ».
Skulener Rebbe
Writer and apologist, author of Shalom al Yisrael on Hasidism.
Polish rabbi
Poetess of Russian origin writing in Hebrew, one of the mothers of Hebrew poetry.
Born in Baghdad, Chief Rabbi of Hebron (1858-1899), student of Somekh and Ben Ich Haï.
Israeli politician
Chief Rabbi of Lodz for 35 years, major figure of Polish Judaism.
Lithuanian rabbi
Latvian rabbi
Lithuanian-Belarusian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Son of Yosef Leib Bloch; cofounder and first rosh yeshiva of Telshe in Cleveland.
rabbi
Nuclear chemist, world expert in isotope separation and polonium.
Hungarian rabbi
Austrian architect
Italian writer
second wife and cousin of Albert Einstein
American architect
Austrian writer
American physician
German archaeologist
Master of Mussar (school of Kelm); rosh yeshiva of Etz Chaim in London; author of Lev Eliyahu.
Austrian jurist (1873-1930)
German teacher
(1857-1938)
Austrian archaeologist
American rabbi
Italian general
Austrian surgeon
German physician
German musician
Romanian prose writer, translator, journalist and theatre and music critic
American rabbi
Jewish Austrian-Hungarian art historian suicide (1874–1944)
Hannoverian rabbi who fled Germany in 1938 and became a rabbi in Pottstown, PA
French rabbi
Franco-German photographer
American poet, author of the sonnet "The New Colossus" engraved on the Statue of Liberty. She defended Jewish refugees fleeing the Russian pogroms.
German rabbi
Israeli rabbi
American Hebrew poet, author of epics inspired by Native American legends.
Norwegian surgeon
French rabbi
American politician
Hungarian-Canadian rabbi, linguist and scholar (1899–1983)
French rabbi
Hungarian politician
Hungarian pediatrician
(1878-1944) classical pianist, music pedagogue
Hungarian journalist
German rabbi
German actor
German historian
Italian poet
Yiddish novelist and short-story writer, elder sister of I. B. and I. J. Singer.
First sabra poet, singer of the landscapes of Eretz Israel.
Yiddish poetess born in Belarus, active in Canada and the United States.
Italian banker and businessman of Jewish origin
German politician
German orientalist
American rabbi
Austrian ethnologist
Latvian politician and physician of Jewish origin (1861-1917)
rabbin (1881–1970)
Chief Rabbi of Baghdad (1923-1926) and printer, opened a modern Hebrew press.
Baghdad Chief Rabbi and founder of a publishing house
Rabbi, scholar, bookseller, editor and writer
German rabbi
Russian politician 1859-1937
Romanian American activist
écrivain juif de langue allemande
Italian jurist
Argentine entrepreneur and director
German-American academic, professor of political and social ethics.
German Jewish physicist (1856-1933), died by suicide
holocaust victim, b. 1898-08-15
German pedagogue
German rabbi
German Romantic composer, grandson of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, author of A Midsummer Night's Dream. He revived the work of Bach.
German rabbi
Austrian author of Hungarian culture (1869-1945)
German rabbi
Austro-Czech industrialist
compositeur, artiste lyrique et professeur de chant, musicographe
German bacteriologist, founder of this discipline (1828-1898)
German rabbi and author (1839-1921)
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian banker, economist (1858–1936)
Hungarian rabbi
Rabbi
Yiddish playwright and novelist (Ganovim), performed in Europe and America.
philanthrope, femme d'affaires et érudite juive
American politician (1866-1948)
Yiddish poetess and short-story writer, pioneer of the Yiddish sonnet.
rabbi and musicologist, Anglo-Australian
philologue allemand
rabbi (1850–1927)
Psychoanalyst and physician, pioneer of psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic patients.
Czech attorney, poet and translator (1857–1938)
German theologian
German chemist
German poet, Shakespeare scholar and translator (1820-1898)
German economist
German legal scholar
Rabbi (1848–1883)
Bulgarian chief rabbi
American rabbi
Belarusian writer
American rabbi
German philosopher
Hungarian politician, Marxist philosopher and literary critic
American writer
Polish rabbi
Surgeon, first woman surgeon in practice in Scotland.
American animal trainer
lawyer and Hungarian singing teacher
Italian historian
Austrian physician
Jewish rabbi (1878–1973)
American rabbi and historian (1859-1921)
English novelist, poet and writer on Jewish history and religion
Austrian soprano
German translator
American comedian, member of the Marx Brothers (1890–1977)
German politician
American rabbi
German archaeologist
editor and art collector
Chief rabbi of Prague
scientifique, historien, enseignant et patriote italien
Hungarian rabbi (1850 - 1895)
Hungarian rabbi, scholar of religions
Sephardic rabbi (d. 1931)
Tunisian rabbi
Tunisian rabbi
Sage and teacher of Meknès, master of many dayanim; author of Nichmat Haïm.
Chief Rabbi of Egypt 1925–1960 (Nahoum Effendi), former Chief Rabbi of the Ottoman Empire, diplomat.
Last chief rabbi of the Ottoman Empire (1908-1920), then chief rabbi of Egypt.
Polish rabbi and historian (1820–1892)
Agronomist and Zionist feminist, founder of agricultural schools for girls in Palestine.
Israeli writer
talmudiste israélien
rabbi (female)
(died 1935)
German physician
Austro-American jurist
German art historian (1871–1938)
Australian town planner (1883-1980)
art collector (1879-1932)
American religious and community leader, a powerful orator, a respected religious educator, and a prominent Conservative rabbi (1899-1981)
Hungarian-American magician (1874–1926)
Yiddish and Hebrew dramatist born in Galicia, performed at the Yiddish Art Theatre.
Russian-born American rabbi, kabbalist and philosopher
German rabbi
4th Rebbe of Viznitz
19th-century Sephardic rabbi
Principal disciple of the Gaon of Vilna and founder of the yeshiva of Volozhin, the matrix of the Lithuanian yeshiva world. Author of the Néfech ha-Hayyim.
Yemenite Jewish rabbi and author of a travel account
Russian writer and rabbi (1843–1890)
German rabbi
Physicist, one of three women to obtain the habilitation in physics in Germany before 1939.
German rabbi
Romanian Rabbi (1877-1958)
Austrian physician and dermatologist
Czech architect
Hungarian rabbi
German historian, author of the monumental eleven-volume History of the Jews, the first great modern synthesis. He was a central figure of the science of Judaism.
Hungarian religious man
Major German poet and essayist of Jewish origin, author of the Book of Songs. His work combines romantic lyricism with critical irony.
Polish author
Psychoanalyst, first to specialize in the psychology of women.
Journalist and writer, wife of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, completed his dictionary.
Italian banker, economist, journalist and art collector, naturalized French
German Jewish entrepreneur and art collector (1851-1932)
French rabbi
French chemist, pharmacologist and professor of toxicology, mainly known for being the first to isolate fluorine
American rabbi
politician and former Democratic Governor of Illinois
American rabbi
American politician
American diplomat
American rabbi
Polish rabbi
American political figure
Austrian Jewish publisher and refugee from Nazis (1899-1971)
American rabbi
American educator
New Zealand rabbi and philanthropist (1849–1930)
Chief Rabbi of the British Empire from 1891 to 1911
German businessman and father of Albert Einstein
German writer
Jewish German physician (1817–1884)
British rabbi
German musician
German orientalist (1825-1875)
docteur en philosophie, rabbin et journaliste allemand (1882–1954)
German internist (1868-1944)
German rabbi
German classical archaeologist (1898–1989)
Physicist and chemist, pioneer of quantum mechanics and molecular physics.
German artist
Mathematician, first woman appointed in mathematics at the University of Berlin.
Hebrew poet from America, professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary.
Hungarian rabbi
Ukrainian rabbi
rabbi and author
Polish writer
Yiddish memoirist of Galicia, murdered at Belzec.
Croatian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Romanian rabbi
German journalist
rabbin
Chief Rabbi (Hakham Bashi) of Aleppo from 1908 to 1926, then member of the council of the Chief Rabbinate in Jerusalem.
French rabbi
Russian-Jewish financier (1833-1909)
Croatian rabbi
Czech Jewish gallery owner, emigrated to USA (1889-1961)
holocaust victim, b. 1879-01-02
German historian
American rabbi
Yiddish poet of the Di Yunge group, author of the epic « Kentucky ».
Romanian rabbi
German writer
Yiddish poetess of Montreal, animator of Canadian literary circles.
Mathematician, pioneer of programming; co-designed the C-10 language for the UNIVAC I.
Russian dancer
German-Austrian salonnière (1824-1899)
Spanish banker (1827–1895)
Polish photographer
Austrian rabbi
Austro-Hungarian Rabbi
Croatian businessman
Russian historian (1867–1941)
Hungarian rabbi.
German photographer
Hungarian rabbi, botanist (1854-1944)
Romanian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Chief rabbi of Damascus, author of the collection of responsa Penei Yizhak in six volumes.
Bibliographer and poet of Vilna, author of the Otzar ha-Sefarim.
rabbi (1824–1910)
French rabbi
Eminent scholar of Tunis, author of Oholei Yitzhak (novellae and halakha).
German Legal philosopher, Rabbi and anti-zionist (1883-1946)
Short-story writer and translator, son-in-law of Sholem Aleichem whose work he translated.
Russian rabbi
Austrian Talmudist and historian (1815 – 1905)
Australian lawyer, politician and judge (1855-1948)
Belarusian rabbi
Komarna Rebbi
Lviv rabbi, Talmudist
American Rabbi and newspaper editor (1806–1868)
French lexicographer and rabbi
American rabbi
Yiddish short-story writer, author of « A Shtetl », master of naturalism.
maggid (Jewish preacher)
Yiddish prose writer connected to the Di Yunge group in New York.
Jewish teacher, journalist and philosopher (1831-1902)
rabbi, industrialist and French archivist, co-founder of the CDJC
rabbi
American political figure
Israeli rabbi
banker, politician, president of the Jewish Community in Chernivtsi
Realist novelist, author of Be-Ein Mattarah, milestone of the Hebrew novel.
French rabbi
Bulgarian rabbi (1881–1978)
rabbi of the Jewish community in Jungbunzlau (1812-1883)
German Orthodox rabbi
American rabbi
Rabbi (1851-1929)
Czech rabbi
German rabbi
American physicist
German rabbi
British rabbi
German rabbi
French rabbi
American encyclopedia editor and political activist (1859–1939)
Prolific American playwright of Yiddish theatre, author of more than a hundred plays.
German rabbi and historian (1874–1943)
German lawyer and collector of Jewish art, persecuted by the Nazis, suicide (1878-1934)
American rabbi
Moroccan rabbi.
zoologist (1882-1946)
Russian historian
Writer and translator, collection of legends Kol Agadot Yisrael for youth.
Israeli rabbi
Polish journalist, shot in 1941
English rabbi
Italian rabbi
American writer and publisher (1870–1939)
Hasidic master famous for his sumptuous court, founder of the Sadigora dynasty. He advocated a « royal way » of divine service.
Lithuanian rabbi
Israeli newspaper editor (1850–1914)
Hebrew poet and scholar, rector of Tel-Aviv University.
American rabbi
American rabbi
poet, researcher of Jewish philosophy (1891–1981)
Polish posek (1821-1893)
Russian-Israeli educator (1869-1927)
French rabbi
American coroner
German rabbi
German rabbi
Ottoman rabbi
Yiddish novelist and poet, author of the novel « Di gas » (The Street).
Israeli politician
Founder of the Mussar movement, which places ethical work at the heart of study. His influence transformed the Lithuanian yeshivot.
Israeli politician
First Rebbi of Modzitz
former Chief Rabbi of Rome, converted to Catholicism
Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel
Lithuanian rabbi
British-Australian soldier (1890–1940)
Hungarian politician
Hungarian physician (1889-1974)
First Square Rebbe
Founder of Bohush Hasidism
Iraqi-born, Israeli Sephardic Haredi rabbi
Soviet Yiddish poet trained in Kiev; shot during the Night of the Murdered Poets.
Rabbi and Political activist
Lithuanian rabbi
Romanian translator
Turkish composer
Hungarian architect
Hungarian rabbi, poet (1884-1945)
Surinamese linguist
Hungarian rabbi
American film producer (1892–1978)
Polish rabbi
Polish apologist (1824-1896)
Israeli rabbi
Poet, essayist and Hebrew literary critic, Israel Prize laureate 1957.
(1808–1887)
German rabbi
Rabbi
Hasidic master renowned for his powers of clairvoyance, he made Lublin a great center of Polish Hasidism. He trained many disciples who became rebbes.
Romanian rabbi
Dutch Jewish writer and journalist
American rabbi
Chief Rabbi of France, resistance fighter
לחיים 2
German rabbi, lexicographer and orientalist (1819–1892)
Jewish-American historian (1888–1940)
Russian rabbi (1859–1924)
former chief rabbi of HaYeshuv
Polish rabbi
Rabbi
American rabbi
German publisher
Romanian Meschulach (1822–1885)
Rabbi
American banker and philanthropist.
German rabbi
Poet and short-story writer, biblical style in service of modern sensibility.
French jurist and political figure
American rabbi
German bookseller.
French rabbi
rabbi
Jewish rabbi, biographer and historian (1866–1937)
Austrian architect
German Jewish theologian, philosopher of religion (1845-1919)
Turkish-German rabbi (1895–1945)
German journalist and author
(1857–1940)
British mathematician
German-American rabbi
Latvian Colombian businessman (1838-1921)
Hungarian-German Jewish academic and art collector and emigrant (1878-1957)
Jewish German feminist (1852–1899)
Portuguese musician
first woman and first foreign student of the University of Cologne, Holocaust victim (1897–1944)
Hungarian actor
2nd Alexander Rebbe (1853–1910)
Dutch chief rabbi (1820–1888)
Polish halakhist (1846-1934)
Obstetrician, pioneer of maternal health; Bene Israel community of Bombay.
American rabbi
Jewish Czech poet, translator and writer (1894-1943)
Austrian rabbi
Czech rabbi
French rabbi
German rabbi
Hungarian Hasidic chief rabbi
American football player
Mayor of Adelaide (1855-58)
Swiss German psychologist, collaborator of C. G. Jung (1890-1973)
Yiddish short-story writer, master of psychological prose.
Moroccan writer
Polish rabbi
rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
German-Moravian rabbi and translator (1812–1897)
holocaust victim, b. 1866-02-25
German rabbi
Polish rabbi
British activist
Dayan of Meknès, author of a lexicon of Hebrew grammatical roots, Ketonet Yosef.
Yiddish worker and anarchist poet of the sweatshops.
American rabbi
Romanian Jewish jurist, activist, communal leader (1846 – 1918)
German rabbi
Minister of Finance, Minister of Communications in Egypt
Canadian political figure
Russian financier and philanthropist
Polish author (1833–1911)
German rabbi
Sage and kabbalist of Essaouira, prolific author for the people in Judeo-Arabic.
American rabbi
Playwright of the early Yiddish theatre, pillar of popular repertoire in New York.
French rabbi
German archaeologist and historian
American judge (1877–1971)
Hungarian rabbi
Rabbi born in Meknès, grand rabbi of Tlemcen then of Haifa; author of Mayim Hayim.
German rabbi
Polish-born Yiddish writer (1886 – 1954)
rabbi and author
German rabbi
Russian-British engineer
American journalist of Hungarian origin
Yiddish poet, celebrated precursor of the Di Yunge group.
Austrian politician
Polish rabbi
Jewish geographer
American rabbi
Egyptian businessman
French aeronautical engineer
Austrian lawyer, writer and politician
Canadian rabbi
first Chief Rabbi of Geneva, professor of comparative philology, native of Alsace
rabbi, Old Testament commentator and Hebrew linguist (1842–1910)
German rabbi (1867–1942)
American essayist, book critic, transcendentalist, and Zionist
Austrian-Swedish sculptor and painter (1886–1981)
United States Navy chaplain
Lithuanian writer
Rabbi (c.1803–1878)
Polish rabbi and linguist
Hungarian politician
Hungarian publisher
American politician and jurist
South African rabbi
Reform rabbi (1877-1948)
Australian political figure
Storyteller of Bessarabia, Hebrew fables and tales for children and adults.
French rabbi
French political figure
French rabbi
Hungarian rabbi (1832-1883)
Polish-American anthologist, diarist, encyclopedist, Jewish scholar, historian and philanthropist (1854–1956)
German art historian
German rabbi and theologian (1880-1950)
German ophthalmologist, university lecturer and medical historian (1843-1925)
personnalité politique américaine
German rabbi
Austro-Hungarian chemist
Czech Jewish entrepreneur (1856-1932)
American businessman, philanthropist and NAACP member
Austrian pianist
New Zealand politician, writer and journalist (1835-1899)
Dutch rabbi
Yiddish poetess and writer, major figure of twentieth-century women's poetry.
Historian of Yiddish literature and journalist.
Russian historian
German businessman (1889–1982)
Austrian writer (1848-1904)
Austrian actor and writer
German physician
German philosopher and economist, founder of scientific socialism and author of Capital, descended from a family of rabbis. His thought transformed world political history.
Austrian photographer
Ukrainian-born Romanian physician and Zionist (1830-1915)
American journalist
German political figure
German-American wrestler and circus strongwoman
Austrian writer
American rabbi
Russian rabbi
German feminist
American writer
German politician
German actor, singer and director (1897-1944)
American psychologist
German composer
Hungarian historian (1861-1936)
Hungarian rabbi
Yiddish short-story writer, known for his tales of pogroms, close to Di Yunge.
novelist
Croatian publisher (1812-1881)
Ukrainian businessman (1848–1904)
rabbi, educator and Judaic scholar
Austrian Rabbi (1867-1928)
Austrian rabbi
Austrian rabbi and writer (1837-1921)
Chief Rabbi of France
Grand Rabbi of France
German rabbi (1810-1886)
German mathematician
Canadian political figure
Lyric Yiddish poet.
Croatian rabbi
Serbian librarian (1898–1972)
Italian author (1805-1871)
German-born rabbi, scholar and theologian (1873–1956)
Austrian Jewish entrepreneur and art collector murdered in the Holocaust (1868-1940)
American factory superintendent
American rabbi
German Jewish merchant, a doctor of chemistry, and a soldier
American rabbi
German architect
American teacher
composer
French rabbi
militant et homme politique juif (1869–1941)
Yiddish playwright heir to Gordin, author of ghetto dramas on immigration.
French magistrate and resistor
Physician from Odessa, author of the manifesto Auto-Emancipation calling for a Jewish national home. He led the Lovers of Zion movement (Hibbat Tsion).
British political figure
German judge and politician (1834-1876)
Anglo-German educator and activist
German anatomist and neuropathologist (1828-1897)
German classical philologist and librarian (1856-1915)
Hungarian rabbi
German journalist and Esperantist
American rabbi
Czech rabbi
German historian
German rabbi
German rabbi
German rabbi and writer (1810-1882)
German rabbi
Founder of the Wissenschaft des Judentums (science of Judaism) in Germany. His works on liturgy and homiletics laid the foundations of the historical study of Judaism.
French photographer
Italian writer
Russian Jewish writer
German rabbi
rabbin allemand
Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic rabbi
Polish rabbi
Hasidic master famed for his compassion and love of Israel, nicknamed "the advocate of the Jewish people" before God. Author of the Kedushat Levi.
German politician
Australian politician
Yiddish poet of the Kiev group; shot during the Night of the Murdered Poets.
German classical archaeologist and teacher
Physician; known for her letters written in captivity, murdered at Auschwitz.
German rabbi
British banker and zoologist (1868-1937)
Yiddish poet and dramatist, cofounder of the Kiev group.
Hungarian rabbi
German mineral water businessman (1809–1880)
Dutch film producer (1880-1953)
Irish footballer, cricket player (1890-1943)
Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1856-1941)
American rabbi
German banker
American Reform rabbi and author (1893–1972)
German painter
1868-1941 rabbi and historian
Czech-born American writer, teacher and inventor
Czech politician
German political figure
German historian
German poet, writer and publicist (1868-1900)
German rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
German rabbi
archéologue classique et collectionneur d'art juif tchèque-autrichien (1868-1943) assassiné durant la Shoah
Hungarian philosopher and journalist (1859–1930)
Austrian portrait and fashion photographer (1881-1963)
Hungarian Rabbi (1815-1869)
Ottoman rabbi
Russian-born Lithuanian Zionist activist, journalist, and politician
Polish rabbi
Yiddish poetess and pedagogue, formalist born in Ukraine, active in California.
Yiddish poet, cofounder and central figure of the Di Yunge group in New York.
German Jewish philosopher (1826–1890)
Hungarian physician (1891-1945)
Italian rabbi
Jewish historian and scholar
Swedish rabbi
American banker (1821-1904)
American rabbi
German rabbi
Danish rabbi
Moroccan rabbi and explorer
Greek officer
Psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, theorist of separation-individuation in childhood.
Mathematician, among the first women to earn a doctorate in Germany; victim of the Shoah.
(1892-1973)
Austrian artist
German entrepreneur (1862–1943)
Ukrainian-American anarchist
School physician in Hamburg; deported and murdered at Auschwitz.
Austrian painter
Czech-Jewish humanitarian activist and social worker
Physicist, pioneer of nuclear photographic emulsions for detecting particles.
Italian composer
Yiddish and Polish playwright and director (alias Andrzej Marek).
Polish politician
chief rabbi of Prague and Hamburg
Hungarian rabbi and historian
German rabbi
German rabbi
orientalist and a researcher of the Hebrew language and Islamic literature
Chief Rabbi (Hakham Bashi) of Cairo 1921–1925, brother of Refael Aharon ben Shimon.
Rabbi, translator and educator
Russian Talmud scholar and maskil
Bavarian financier and philanthropist
French politician
Chief Rabbi of Constantine then of Algiers, historian and onomastician of the Jews of North Africa.
French banker
French rabbi
Swedish writer and rabbi
Italian colonial governor (1878-1941)
Croatian rabbi
German lawyer
German-British mathematician and physicist, Nobel laureate in physics
German rabbi, philologist and opinion journalist (1875–1939)
German rabbi
Danish Rabbi (1884-1947)
German historian
rabbi and folklorist (1871–1953)
German gynecologist-obstetrician
Austrian composer
Russian-American Conservative Judaism Rabbi (1895-1980)
Peruvian physician of German-Polish origin
American rabbi (1845-1927)
rabbin américain
German politician
German philologist and theologian
German writer
Russian linguist
German banker (1850-1940)
Dutch impresario (1872-1943)
Romanian rabbi
French rabbi and lexicographer
German rabbi
Dutch teacher, rabbi and writer (1882-1943)
Famous Galician Torah scholar
former Chief Rabbi of Shanghai
Rabbi of numerous communities in pre-World War II Europe/one of the founders of the Telz Yeshiva
President:Jewish court/Koło/author of "Imrei Bina"
Israeli rabbi
Mashgiach of the Hebron Yeshiva and a leading mussar disseminator in the 20th century
Polish rabbi
Austrian Jewish theologian
rabbi, rosh yeshiva (1887-1933)
Rabbi (1850–1933)
Rabbi of Dvinsk, author of Or Sameach and the commentary Meshekh Hokhma on the Torah.
Ostrowcier Rebbe
Founder of Buksvak hasidism
Expressionist Yiddish poet, member of Di Khalyastre in Warsaw.
Israeli rabbi
(1894~1895 - 1942~1943)
Poet of the Hovevei Zion, moved from maskilism to Zionism, emigrated to the United States.
Rebbe in Buhusi, Romania
Romanian rabbi
Polish Hasidic Rabbi
Yiddish poet and essayist connected to the Di Yunge group in New York.
Hasidic master known for his radical pursuit of truth and his severity, founder of the Kotzk dynasty. He spent his last twenty years in seclusion.
Third Rebbe of Chabad, prolific halakhic authority and thinker, author of responsa and Hasidic works. He defended the Jews of Russia against the tsarist power.
Israeli rabbi of Polish origin
rabbi
Iraqi businessman, landowner, philanthropist and politician (1846–1940)
Iranian rabbi
German rabbi
American rabbi
Called "the grandfather" of modern Yiddish and Hebrew literature, born Sholem Yaakov Abramovitch. His satires depicted shtetl life.
writer in Yiddish and Hebrew
Israeli rabbi
Romanian historian
German rabbi, historian (1829-1905)
Lerner, Meyer (1857–1930), rabbi
German legal scholar and notary
Romanian Rabbi
Lyric poet (Mikhal), one of the greatest of the Haskala, died at age 24.
German philologist (1834-1897)
orientalist, Bible translator, translator (1833-1910)
Hungarian rabbi
French Zionist
New Zealand chief justice (1873-1950)
Lithuanian lawyer
Prussian rabbi (1808-1864)
French banker
Hungarian rabbi
Yiddish and Hebrew poet (1823–1890)
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
American politician
Physician and psychoanalyst, founding member of the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society (1919).
Yiddish novelist born near Minsk, pioneer of popular women's fiction.
Yiddish poetess of Łódź, voice of folk tradition, died at Auschwitz.
American violinist of Russian origin
American-Russian rabbi
Polish rabbi born in the 19th century
American actor
French rabbi
French rabbi and historian of Alsatian Judaism
Chief rabbi (Hahambasi) of Constantinople and of the Ottoman Empire from 1872 to 1908.
French rabbi
Rabbi of the community of Alexandria from 1871 until his death; author of Shemo Moshe (responsa).
French rabbi
French linguist, translator, historian and librarian
Chief rabbi of Pressburg, leader of Orthodoxy against the Reform movement, founder of one of the largest yeshivot in Europe. His maxim "the new is forbidden by the Torah" sums up his thought.
Italian Jewish teacher, author and Biblical commentator
Portuguese Jewish economist
Croatian rabbi
rabbi, perhaps French
Writer and Zionist, first Hebrew speaker at Congress, co-founder of Tel-Aviv.
Satirist of the late Haskala, storyteller of Galician Jewish life in Ha-Shahar.
Russian rabbi
Hebrew poet born in Siedlce, author of poetry and prayer collections.
Lyric poet and painter, author of Mas'at Nafshi, died at age 27.
Historian and ethnographer of Libyan Jewry, judge in Benghazi; author of Higgid Mordecai.
Swiss rabbi
Polish rabbi
Israeli politician
rabbi (1824–1894)
American rabbi
Jewish spiritual and political leader in Latvia
Rabbi, decisioner and liturgical poet of Aleppo, author of « Maayan Ganim » and compiler of the Bakkashot.
Chief rabbi of Tanger for more than 60 years, halakhic authority consulted beyond Morocco.
Hungarian journalist
Rabbi
Hungarian rabbi (1842-1895)
German composer
Bulgarian Chief Rabbi (1853–1895)
Austrian rabbi
German psychologist
German opinion journalist (1837–1904)
Jewish bibliographer and orientalist from Moravia
German chemist
Austrian engraver and painter (1885-1915)
Austrian Jewish businessman and art collector (1854-1939)
Jewish labor activist
Riga-born American lawyer, politician and art collector (1869-1933)
American orientalist and librarian (1861–1921)
Yiddish socialist poet, « grandfather » of Yiddish worker literature.
prominent Yugoslavian/Serbian Communist (1890–1957)
Rabbi, editor
American politician
Russian-British rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Austrian theologian (1812–1849)
Russian public figure of Jewish origin
British-Romanian academic and rabbi
"Professor" Moyshe Hurwitz, prolific playwright of early Yiddish theatre.
British rabbi
American rabbi
Ottoman rabbi (1827–1910)
German rabbi
American rabbi and author (1828–1903)
British financier and philanthropist, defender of persecuted Jews around the world. He financed the first Jewish neighborhoods outside the walls of Jerusalem.
Swedish composer, conductor and music critic
American rabbi
German Rabbi
Polish politician and rabbi (1874–1941)
German theologian and rabbi
Rosh yeshiva at RIETS (Yeshiva University) for more than 45 years.
Jewish religious figure
Târgu Lăpuș town Rabbi (Romania), one of the Teitelbaum family rabbi dynasty
Tunisian rabbi
Chief decisor of Djerba (Ramach), author of the responsa Shoel ve-Nishal and Brit Kehouna.
Lithuanian rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Rabbi and Talmudist from Belarus
Greek rabbi
author of "Nezer HaKodesh"
Mashgiach ruchani of the yeshiva of Lomza; author of Mussar works (Yesodei Hadaas).
Lithuanian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
researcher, journalist, essayist, ethnographer, and humanist of the interwar period
The Lomza Rov, talmudic scholar, later rosh yeshiva at RIETS (New York).
Hungarian rabbi and Talmudist (1856-1924)
Rabbi
Son of Chaim Soloveitchik, rosh yeshiva at the RIETS seminary of Yeshiva University.
Uzruver Rebbe (1889–1971)
chief Sephardic rabbi (1837–1917)
French rabbi
Israeli rabbi
German-born rabbi (1881–1976)
Karaite Egyptian Jewish lawyer, journalist, linguist, poet, essayist, scientific editor and translator
Yiddish poet and dramatist, founder of the Yung-yidish group in Łódź.
Modernist Yiddish poet, figure of the Di Yunge group in New York.
Hungarian rabbi
Yiddish poet and critic, cofounder of the introspectivist movement In Zikh.
Born in Marrakech, Av Beth Din of the Maghrebis of Jerusalem, Rishon le-Zion (1909–1911).
Ukrainian rabbi
Galician philosopher of the Haskalah, author of the Moreh Nevukhei ha-Zeman (Guide for the Perplexed of the Time). He applied the philosophy of history to the study of Judaism.
rabbi
Polish rabbi
rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Ashkenazi rabbi of Jaffa (1852–1902)
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi
Head of the famous yeshiva of Volozhin, author of the Haamek Davar commentary on the Torah. He trained generations of Lithuanian scholars.
Rosh yeshiva of Volozhin during its apogee, author of the Haamek Davar and the Meshiv Davar.
Rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva Chofetz Chaim of Radin; reputed Talmudist close to the Mussar movement.
Israeli politician
Yiddish dramatist and lexicographer, prolific author of radio plays.
Hungarian composer
Polish rabbi
German rabbi
Jerusalemite Jewish scholar
Chief Rabbi of Prague
rabbi, speaker, and scribe. One of the introducers of zionism. (1808–1883)
German-British rabbi
rabbi, educator, writer and prominent Zionist activist (1879–1935)
Austrian-German rabbi (1848–1924)
American lawyer
(1878–1918)
American rabbi
German rabbi
Moravian rabbi (1843–1891)
Mathematician in synthetic geometry; victim of the Shoah.
twentieth-century American rabbi, archaeologist and orientalist
Russian politician
chief Sephardi Rabbi of Israel (1874–1930)
Linguist, philologist and Yiddish literary historian, cofounder of YIVO.
Lithuanian rabbi
Founder of the yeshiva of Slabodka (Knesses Yisrael), master of Mussar and formator of leaders.
Hungarian rabbi
Austrian-born gynecologist and psychoanalyst
Italian engineer
Yiddish poet, precursor of the Kiev group, died fighting in the Red Army.
Russian and Yiddish playwright (Bronx Express), figure of American Yiddish theatre.
Russian Revolutionary (1849–1926)
Croatian banker
German politician
Austrian journalist and author (1897–1973)
Austrian philosopher, sociologist, economist and graphic designer
German physician
Rabbi of Tunis, author of Mishkenot ha-Roïm, a collection of 1,499 responsa.
Israeli rabbi
Yiddish prose writer close to Di Khalyastre; murdered at Auschwitz.
Polish rabbi
Hungarian actor
Hungarian politician
Opera singer
legal scholar
French rabbi
German entrepreneur
German art historian
German rabbi
First female rabbi in the United States
Czech painter active in Hamburg
Hungaro-Italian opera singer (1876–1924)
Rosh yeshiva, founder of the yeshivot of Shklov and Kobrin, principal teacher of Moshe Feinstein.
Russian Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rosh yeshiva
Austrian writer
German rabbi
Russian-English architect
British politician
American rabbi
German historian
German rabbi and educator
Austro-Hungarian neuropathologist
French gallery owner
Rebbe (1876–1941)
Lithuanian rabbi
German rabbi
Hasidic rabbi who served in Pilica and Czestochowa, Poland (1848 - 1920)
Turkish rabbi
German rabbi (1872-1936)
One of the greatest decisors of modern Judaism, author of the Mishna Berura, the standard commentary on the Shulhan Arukh. His treatise Hafetz Hayyim on the ethics of speech (the prohibition of lashon hara) became a classic of rabbinic literature.
Ukrainian hazzan (1813–1884)
Israeli political figure
French actress (1821-1858)
Yiddish poetess and short-story writer, born in Galicia, settled in Montreal.
Turkish rabbi
Prolific Sephardi rabbi, interim chief rabbi of Smyrna.
médecin allemand (1870-1953)
German woman of letters, hostess of a famous Berlin literary salon. Her correspondence was the subject of a celebrated study by Hannah Arendt.
First Chief Rabbi of Morocco, president of the rabbinic court of Rabat; called « the Angel Raphael ».
Moroccan rabbi and scholar (1848–1935)
Born in Meknès, dayan and Av Beth Din of Meknès, posek and paytan; author of a Kitsour Choulhan Aroukh.
Rabbi from Meknes
German rabbi (1881-1932)
rabbi (1804–1893)
Rabbi-judge, poet and kabbalist of Sefrou, author of Halakhah le-Moshe and Eden Mikedem.
Writer and rabbi (1835–1888)
Polish immigrant to Argentina (1900-1935)
Jewish-Indian writer and educator (1889-1957)
Moroccan rabbi
Chief Rabbi (Hakham Bashi) of Cairo 1891–1921; author of Touv Mitzrayim and Nehar Mitzrayim.
Rosh yeshiva of Kamenitz and then of Torah Vodaas and Beth Medrash Elyon, son-in-law of Baruch Ber Leibowitz.
American rabbi
Belarusian rabbi
Biochemist, designed an early pregnancy test based on urinary histidine.
Austrian opinion journalist (1847-1939)
French lawyer, jurist, politician and Resistance member (1887-1976)
(1899–1977) classical pianist; piano teacher
Hebrew realist novelist (Ha-Dat ve-ha-Hayyim), Zionist publicist.
First modern Hebrew biographer and critic, founded Mi-Mizrah u-mi-Ma'arav.
Yiddish poet and critic, cofounder of the Di Yunge group in 1907.
American lawyer
Israeli rabbi and writer
Rabbinic leader
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Italian economist (1862-1944)
Czech rabbi
German geneticist and embryologist (1878-1958)
American Jewish orientalist and Zionist
German political figure
Italian politician
Irish politician
French physician, Resistance fighter and deportee
Italian geographer (1884-1962)
Belarusian rabbi and talmudist (1858–1936)
Belarusian writer
Russian thinker
rebetiko singer-songwriter and performer
Israeli journalist
German jurist
Austrian actor
Italian-American rabbi
Bulgarian-Argentinian rabbi
Physician and one of the first psychoanalysts; introduced the concept of death drive.
Iraqi rabbi (1876–1961)
Educator and Sephardic master born in Baghdad, founded a synagogue in Jerusalem.
Kabbalist born in Baghdad, disciple of Ben Ich Haï, died in Jerusalem.
Psychoanalyst, member of the Vienna and then Berlin societies; victim of the Shoah.
From Tétouan, emigrated in 1790; became Chief Rabbi of Gibraltar.
Rabbi, journalist and printer of Baghdad, founder of a Hebrew press in 1867.
Chief rabbi of Meknès, decisioner and poet; author of Em le-Mesorot.
German rabbi
German rabbi
German Orthodox rabbi
Rabbi and kabbalist (Saba Kadisha), chief rabbi of Damascus then of Safed.
German rabbi
Austrian archaeologist, historian and librarian (1856-1941)
German academic (1803–1880)
Israeli architect
American historian
Polish rabbi
German rabbi
Lexicographer and poet, author of the biblical concordance Heikhal ha-Kodesh.
French rabbi
German writer
Austrian pathologist and histologist (1834–1898)
French rabbi
German rabbi
Rabbi of Frankfurt, founder of German Neo-Orthodoxy and of the doctrine Torah im Derekh Eretz. Author of the Nineteen Letters on Judaism.
Rabbi, scholar, community leader (1852-1935)
rabbin réformé germano-américain
Russian conductor and composer (1877–1947)
rabbi
English rabbi in the Netherlands (1869-1918)
Rabbi and Hebraist (1841–1899)
German rabbi
Italian scholar, exegete, and poet, professor at the rabbinical college of Padua, a figure of the science of Judaism. He defended a traditional approach against German rationalism.
(1835-1883) Slovakian-German rabbi
German rabbi
German industrialist (1801-1881)
German rabbi
Italian rabbi
German rabbi (1806-1860)
French rabbi
Writer, editor and scholar of Vilna (Rashif), figure of the Eastern Haskala.
20th-century historical-geographer (1886–1940)
Hungarian rabbi, historian (1841-1920)
Hungarian archaeologist
German physician
German orientalist and librarian of Jewish faith
Poet and biblical exegete, school commentary still used in Israel.
Hungarian rabbi
American rabbi
(1804-1878)
Israeli rabbi, pioneer of Zionism (1824-1898)
Polish rabbi
rabbi (1842-1919)
Polish rabbi
American Jewish rabbi (1888-1959)
rabbi in Arad, Romania
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian photographer, painter
actor, opera singer (1859-1913)
Nutritionist, chief dietitian of Hadassah hospitals in Mandate Palestine.
Yiddish poetess, translator and writer (sister of Abraham Reisen).
Egyptian actress
Rosh yeshiva and paytan of Tripoli, founder of the Talmud Torah Yagdil Torah.
Hungarian and Czech rabbi (1865–1940)
Dutch political figure
Rabbi of Djerba, Hebrew grammarian, author of Lehem ha-Bikkurim.
Austrian rabbi
historian (1845-1910)
Hebrew historian and writer, first secretary of the Hovevei Zion of Russia.
Australian colonial merchant, member of parliament, magistrate, pastoralist, and Jewish community leader (1820–1900)
Cape Colony politician (1817–1892)
(1835-1918)
Jewish German author (1896-1976)
Hasidic rabbi, resistance fighter
German rabbi
German rabbi
German rabbi
rabbi
German physician
homme politique russe
Emigre journalist
Russian painter
Rosh yeshiva of Slonim, refounded in Ramat Gan after the Shoah.
Israeli politician
Rabbi
Russian rabbi
rabbi (1862–1944)
rabbi
Ukrainian rabbi
Chief Rabbi of the Yemenite community in Tel-Aviv (1925-1961), decisor and manuscript editor.
Lithuanian rabbi
4th Rebbe of Zvihl
British rabbi
Orthodox rabbi
American actor
rabbi
Israeli philosopher born in Austria-Hungary (1883-1975)
Hakham and Kabbalist of Baghdad, author of works on Jewish philosophy and mysticism.
Hungarian rabbi
Moroccan rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
rabbi
Lithuanian kabbalist, author of Leshem Shevo Ve'Achlama, of the school of the Gaon of Vilna.
Lithuanian rabbi
Av beth din and posek of Vilna, author of Heshek Shlomo and the responsa Binyan Shlomo.
Rosh yeshiva of the Ramailles in Vilna and then of Mesivta Torah Vodaath (Brooklyn) from 1935.
Ottoman rabbi
American rabbi
The « Meitcheter Illuy »; Talmudic prodigy, rosh yeshiva of RIETS at Yeshiva University (New York).
Polish rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Russia (1889–1957)
Polish Rabbi, Rabbinical Judge, and Rosh Yeshiva
Orthodox rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
rabbi from Subcarpathian Ruthenia, then in Transylvania, in Hungary and Romania
Belarusian rabbi
Writer and agronomist, Zionist pioneer, childhood friend of Ben-Gurion.
Yiddish essayist and literary critic, critic for the daily « Der Tog ».
Russian rabbi
Russian rabbi
Jewish Orthodox mystical thinker, philosopher, and individualist anarchist
Israeli rabbi
Polish rabbi
Slovak rabbi
Chief Rabbi Ashkenazi of Jerusalem for nearly seventy years.
rabbi
Merchant and Talmudist, founder in 1815 of the yeshiva of Mir, which he directed until his death.
British rabbi
rabbi
Russian rabbi
American rabbi
Romanian rabbi
Algerian rabbi
German lawyer, art dealer (1891-1978)
German rabbi
English poet and writer
German rabbi
American lawyer
German rabbi
Rabbi, poet and Judeo-Persian apologist from Mashhad, author of Hayat al-Ruh.
Slovakian-German rabbi
Rebbe of the Hasidic dynasty (1898-1992)
French rabbi
rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Disciple of Salanter, founder of the Talmud Torah of Kelm, pillar of the Mussar movement.
Russian philosopher
Trilingual poet (Russian, Yiddish, Hebrew) of Odessa, linked to Hibbat Zion.
British rabbi
Member of the Israel Supreme Court and rabbinic scholar (1889–1953)
American political figure
Austrian rabbi, scientist and writer (1860–1940)
Dutch politician
Dutch writer
French rabbi
man who delivered the Duchess of Berry to the authorities of the July Monarchy
Hungarian rabbi
Finnish conductor, composer, pianist and author (1897-1969)
Austrian rabbi
Rabbi
Russian politician
Rabbi of the Orthodox Israelites of Karlsruhe
Orthodox Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi
Jewish martyr
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Jewish merchant of the American Far West who became governor
Ottoman rabbi, kabbalist and rosh yeshiva (c.1826–1930)
American rabbi
American rabbi
Austrian scholar (1832–1900)
Galician scholar, pioneer of the science of Judaism and of the historical biography of the sages. He was chief rabbi of Prague.
French rabbi
Soviet classical philologist and Hellenist
Hungarian rabbi
Prolific Galician maskil, specialist in folklore and Jewish philosophy.
German-American rabbi and author (1842–1915)
Lithuanian-Russian rabbi and writer
Ukrainian rabbi
Belarusian historian
Pathologist, identified solid cell nests of the thyroid; pioneer in Mandate Palestine.
artist and journalist, of Hungarian origin
Austrian entrepreneur
Anatomist and physician, among the first Jewish women to practice surgery in the United States.
Chemist, her analyses of lead and thorium proved the existence of isotopes; killed at Treblinka.
German politician (1824–1898)
Dutch actor and singer (1896–1985)
Third Alexander Rebbe
Austrian author
Founder of political Zionism, author of The Jewish State (Der Judenstaat, 1896). A Viennese journalist marked by the Dreyfus affair, he organized the First Zionist Congress in Basel (1897) and laid the institutional foundations of the State of Israel, proclaimed 44 years after his death.
French priest
Paleontologist, founder of paleoneurology, the study of fossil brains.
American rabbi
Dutch rabbi
Hasidic thinker and halakhist, author of a profound work blending Kabbalah, philosophy, and religious psychology. He led the court of Izhbitza-Lublin.
Russian mathematician
British rabbi
French rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Italian painter
Italian rabbi
Pioneer of Hebrew prose, precursor of stream of consciousness.
Australian politician
historien allemand
actress
Hasidic rabbi
German chemist
Austrian composer
German sinologist (1893-1981)
Governor of California (1824-1887)
Hungarian linguist (1850–1913)
German banker and patron
German philologist
German rabbi
German businessman (1848–1916)
Austrian architect
Austro-Hungarian photographer (1879–1943)
British artist
Archaeologist and numismatist
German rabbi
economist
rabbi (1811-1886)
Austrian publisher
Austrian chemist
Poet and playwright of the Hebrew renaissance, born in Slutsk.
rabbi, Israel
Grand rabbi of Warsaw
Jewish healer of the Atlas, figure studied by ethnographer Yoram Bilu.
Grand Rabbi and kabbalist of the Tafilalet, author of the Abir Yaakov, grandfather of Baba Salé.
Moroccan rabbi
Dayan and rosh yeshiva
Orthodox communal rabbi, Talmudist, Halachist, rabbinical author and scholar
Rabbi
Iraqi rabbi
American rabbi
The Ridvaz, commentator of the Talmud of Jerusalem, founder of a yeshiva in Safed.
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Rabbi and Kabbalist born in Baghdad, Sephardic spiritual leader in Jerusalem (Edah HaHaredith).
rabbi and kabbalist
rabbi and Judaic scholar (1873-1959)
Journalist and writer, co-founder of the literary journal Hedim.
Kabbalist
rabbi
American rabbi
founder of Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
Orthodox Jewish pioneer in America
Chief Rabbi of Sanaa, founder of the reformist movement Dor Deah.
Ottoman rabbi
Grand Rabbi of Skver (1899-1968)
British rabbi
Av beth din of London and then of Jerusalem, author of Hazon Yehezkel on the Tosefta.
Israeli rabbi
Polish rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Polish rabbi
rabbi
Belarusian rabbi
Rabbi of Novardok, author of the Arukh HaShulhan, complete codification of Jewish law.
Israeli rabbi
Rabbi
Polish rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi and scholar (1888-1976)
rabbi and Zionist writer (1843-1913)
Yiddish essayist and memoirist, author of the autobiographical epic « Poyln ».
Yiddish poet and translator (Bible into Yiddish); born in Lithuania.
Rabbi and Kabbalist born in Baghdad, disciple of Ben Ich Haï, teacher in Jerusalem (Porat Yossef).
Av beth-din of Meknès then chief rabbi of Morocco in the twentieth century.
Odessa editor, co-founder of Sefer ha-Aggadah with Bialik.
French rabbi
rabbi
Polish rabbi
Yiddish novelist, author of « Yidn fun a gants yor », died in the Shoah.
Rebbi in Poland/Galicia
Rebbe of Ger, author of the Sfat Emet, one of the great Hasidic commentaries on the Torah. He led one of the most important Hasidic courts in Poland.
Orthodox Jewish Rabbi and Kabbalist
Talmudist and dayyan of Tunis, author of Limmudei Adonaï (1787).
Kabbalist of Baghdad, disciple of Ben Ich Haï, renowned for his amulets and dream interpretation.
Polish rabbi and politician
Polish rabbi
American rabbi
Iraqi rabbi
Poet and journalist, bard of Jerusalem, laureate of the Bialik Prize 1944.
Belarusian rabbi (1869–1941)
rabbi
Israeli politician
Ukrainian rabbi
Chief Rabbi of Bessarabia
Russian rabbi
Name
Maskilic poet, first to introduce socialist themes in Hebrew.
Yiddish critic and dramatist of the Kiev circle (Kultur-lige); died in deportation.
Hasidic rabbi (1808–1883)
Yiddish short-story writer and playwright, voice of immigrant women in New York.
(1888-1956)
Hungarian rabbi (1815–1871)
The Gadol of Minsk, posek and rosh yeshiva, author of the responsa Or Gadol.
Polish rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Rabbi and Judge
éminent rabbin yéménite
Royal physician-moneyer, Chief Rabbi of Yemen (1932-1934), disciple of Yahya Qafih.
Chief Rabbi of Yemen, av beit din of Sanaa for nearly thirty years.
Israeli politician
The Hafetz Haim, author of the Mishna Beroura and the laws of lashon hara; founder of the yeshiva of Radin.
Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty (1895-1977)
Romanian rabbi
Polish rabbi
Polish rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
Israeli rabbi and politician (1893–1948)
Rabbi
Russian rabbi
4th Alexander Rebbe
« Itzele Peterburger », disciple of Salanter, chief rabbi of Saint Petersburg, figure of Mussar.
Hasidic rabbi
Great posek and rabbi of Kovno, major halakhic authority of the nineteenth century.
(1896-1977) Hasidic Kabbalist
rabbi
Son-in-law of the Alter of Slabodka, rosh yeshiva of Slabodka, refounded in Bnei Brak.
Romanian Jewish rabbi and translator (1837–1920)
Polish rabbi (1866–1939)
Polish Breslov rabbi
Austrian rabbi
Russian rabbi
Belarusian rabbi
« Velvel », son of Reb Chaim; refounded the yeshiva of Brisk in Jerusalem, figure of mitnagdism.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Russian rabbi and Jewish historian (1847-1914)
Kabbalist born in Baghdad, Haredi figure in Israel, renowned for his blessings and amulets.
Poet of the Third Aliyah, author of the epic poem Massada (1927).
« Reb Itzele Ponevezher », founder and rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva of Ponevezh, author of Zecher Yitzchak.
Israeli politician
Polish rabbi (1845–1923)
American rabbi
Rabbi, soldier, translator and educator
Rabbi of Brisk, author of the responsa and commentaries Beis Halevi, ancestor of the Soloveitchik dynasty.
American rabbi
Polish Hasidic rabbi
(1851-1921)
Great halakhic and kabbalistic authority of Baghdad, author of the Ben Ish Chai, which was authoritative throughout the Jewish East. He was a preeminent preacher and halakhic authority.
Jewish philosopher, historian and scholar
Son-in-law of Eliezer Gordon, rosh yeshiva of Telshe, developed its educational system and Mussar.
American rabbi
Moroccan-born Sephardic rabbi (1892–1974)
1818-1885
The Gaon of Rogatchov, talmudic genius, author of Tsafnat Panea'h.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
rabbi
Belarusian rabbi
Disciple of Salanter, founder of the yeshiva and network of Novardok of Mussar.
Israeli rabbi
Tunisian rabbi (1861-1934)
rabbi
Hakham and kabbalist of Baghdad, author of the « Ben Ich Haï », Sephardi decisionist master.
Ukrainian-born British spy
Chief Rabbi and dayan of Constantine, author of ~130 works and translator into Judeo-Arabic.
American rabbi
Yiddish linguist and philologist, codirector of the Great Dictionary of the Yiddish language.
Belarusian-American Yiddish-language poet and satirist
Rabbi and scholar, founder of "positive-historical Judaism" which inspired the Masorti (Conservative) movement. He led the rabbinical seminary of Breslau.
Chief Rabbi of France, translator of the Bible
Polish orthodox rabbi
Syrian rabbi
Israeli politician
Russian rabbi
Lexicographer and historian of Yiddish literature, author of the « Leksikon ».
1850 or 1851-1923
Israeli politician and statesman
Yiddish and Hebrew poet and novelist.
Lithuanian rabbi
Hebrew and Yiddish writer (pseud. of Aronsohn), author of Reb Abba.
Yiddish short-story writer and playwright, painter of the Lower East Side proletariat.
Hungarian-American Rabbi, writer and book seller (1886–1957)
rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Hungarian Hasidic Rebbe
rabbi of Jerusalem
Yiddish poet, theorist of « pure poetry » in the Di Yunge group.
opera singer
American journalist
rabbi
Chief Rabbi of the Jewish community of Thessaloniki, Greece (1884-1945)
Lithuanian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Russian rabbi
Shoah, birth of Israel, global diaspora.
rabbi
American chancellor
Thinker of Labor Zionism, prophet of the "religion of labor" and the return to the land. Late in life, he settled as an agricultural worker in Galilee.
Moroccan rabbi
Rebbe of Belz, one of the great Galician Hasidic figures, whose escape from Europe during the Shoah was the subject of a rescue operation. He rebuilt his court in Israel.
American film producer
American rabbi
American rabbi
Jewish writer and resistance fighter of Lithuanian origin
Major Israeli novelist and playwright, author of Mr. Mani and The Lover. Together with Oz and Grossman, he was one of the pillars of Israeli fiction.
Polish-British rabbi
American politician
rabbi
Chief rabbi, editor and secondary school teacher from Mulhouse
American jurist
2001 murder in Zürich, Switzerland
American rabbi
First Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Mandatory Palestine, mystical thinker of religious Zionism. He sought to reconcile tradition, modernity, and national renewal.
rabbi and philosopher
American chaplain (1915-2007)
Rebbe of Gur, head of one of the largest Hasidic courts in Poland, co-founder of the Agudat Israel party. He narrowly escaped the Shoah.
British rabbi
Moroccan political activist
American rabbi and psychiatrist
Israeli poet, founder of the Ars Poetica movement.
Israeli poet and professor of Talmud, faith and creation.
Argentine politician
Israeli poet, nature, eroticism and memory of the Shoah.
Ukrainian thinker, the principal theorist of "cultural Zionism" advocating a spiritual renewal of Judaism. Born Asher Ginsberg, he opposed purely political Zionism.
Israeli writer and Holocaust survivor, whose work in Hebrew explores memory and lost childhood. Author of Badenheim 1939 and The Story of a Life.
Rosh yeshiva of Ner Israel (Baltimore) since 2001; member of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli novelist and playwright, 1948 generation.
South African rabbi
Israeli poet and translator of classical Greek, political verse.
Israeli philosopher
Modern-Orthodox rabbi and writer
Rosh yeshiva (Brisk Chicago) and Talmudic master at Yeshiva University, brother of Joseph B. Soloveitchik.
American-Israeli rabbi
French rabbi
French political figure
American musician
Franco-Israeli-American Moroccan fashion designer
German rabbi
American actor and composer
American physician and virologist of Polish origin, creator of the oral vaccine against poliomyelitis. His vaccine enabled the eradication of the disease in many countries.
Argentine jurist
Italian writer
American art dealer and racehorse owner
Austrian scholar and rabbi
Belarusian military figure
American army chaplain killed in action (1911-1943)
Rabbi and leading figure of American Reform Judaism during the 1970s and 1980s
Neurologist, pioneer in the study of post-traumatic stress; daughter of Alfred Adler.
Romanian-Swiss rabbi
Brazilian chess player
American rabbi
French swimmer and water polo player
German rabbi (1915-2004)
Algerian singer
Israeli journalist and author
German-speaking Prague pianist and music teacher
Physician and resistance fighter of the Warsaw Ghetto; co-founder of Doctors of the World.
Israeli actor
Israeli novelist and actress born in Ukraine.
hasidic author (1906–1994)
Israeli novelist, lyrical modernist prose.
Italian painter and sculptor of the School of Paris, famous for his portraits with elongated faces. He came from a Sephardic Jewish family of Livorno.
Israeli poet, novelist and essayist, translated into 50 languages.
Israeli poetess of Iraqi origin, double Prime Minister Prize.
Israeli writer born in Aleppo, Sephardic prose.
Israeli chronicler and satirist, visual artist and novelist.
World-renowned Israeli novelist and essayist, author of A Tale of Love and Darkness. He was a moral figure of the peace camp.
rabbi
Uruguayan journalist and writer (1969-2015)
Israeli playwright and screenwriter, humanist comedies.
French philosopher
French writer, author of The Last of the Just, Prix Goncourt 1959, an epic on the persecutions of the Jews through the centuries. Orphaned of deported parents.
Israeli fencer
American R&B and punk blues musician (1936–2019)
French rabbi
criminologist, novelist under the pseudonym Andreas Burnier
Uruguayan politician
American writer and publisher (1969–2012)
British colonial administrator (1909-1968)
Chilean rabbi
Italian novelist and screenwriter
English tennis player
Brazilian historian, specialized in the Portuguese Inquisition
Belgian producer and philanthropist (1919-2021)
German Jewish teenager whose diary, kept in hiding in Amsterdam, became a universal testimony of the Shoah. She died in the Bergen-Belsen camp.
American actress
American journalist
Russian journalist
Italian historian and economist (1904-1976)
American businessman
Dutch economist and politician
Dutch psychiatrist and politician (1901–1983)
Israeli politician
Israeli military leader and statesman
United States senator for Pennsylvania from 1981 to 2011
Slovak rabbi
American lawyer
Austrian composer, inventor of dodecaphony, which revolutionized twentieth-century music. He returned to Judaism in the face of rising Nazism and emigrated to the United States.
American economist
Jewish scholar
Resistance fighter, French rabbi
American rabbi and historian (1921–2006)
American rabbi
American writer
Polish-born American pianist, one of the greatest interpreters of Chopin in the twentieth century. His career spanned more than seventy years.
American rabbi
British rabbi
Rosh yeshiva, Mir Brachfeld
American rabbi, translator and physicist
Rabbi (1912-2011)
Founder of Beth Hatalmud (Brooklyn); eminent disciple of the Mir and of Mussar.
Hebrew poet, cofounder of the Likrat group, Israel Prize 2010.
rabbi
Maggid shiur of the Mir (Jerusalem); one of the greatest Talmud classes in the world.
Israeli novelist and essayist, kibbutz prose.
poet (1927-1969)
Israeli general
American rabbi
Israeli police officer (1916-1987)
American rabbi
French rabbi
Israeli rabbi and rosh yeshiva
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of Torah Vodaath for more than 60 years, member of the Council of the Sages of the Torah.
Halakhic authority of Bnei Brak, a major figure in the reconstruction of Orthodox Judaism in the Land of Israel. His work Chazon Ish covers the entire field of Halakha.
Israeli educator
Israeli politician
American writer (1923–1993)
American rabbi
Fifth Sadigura Rebbe (1928–2013)
Rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva of Brisk in Jerusalem, grandson of the Brisker Rav.
Israeli poet and author for youth, landscape architect.
Israeli writer
Lithuanian rabbi
Australian political figure
American biologist, college professor and eco-socialist
US-based rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Assistant chief rabbi, Brooklyn Syrian Jewish community
Rosh yeshiva of Ponevezh, son of Dovid Povarsky, teaching at the yeshiva since 1953.
American rabbi
Pioneer of Israeli literary criticism, polemicist at Bar-Ilan.
rabbin haredi israélien (1929–2023)
American rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of Telshe in Cleveland, rabbinic leader of American Judaism.
Argentine activist
Israeli rabbi (1940–2024)
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Rebbetzin (1932-2011)
American actress
American politician
spiritual leader of the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem
American journalist
American rabbi
dentiste de l'armée des États-Unis, récipiendaire posthume de la Medal of Honor (1914-1944)
Sephardic rabbi
American rabbi
First Sephardic chief rabbi of the State of Israel, a decisor open to the challenges of modernity. He worked for the unity of the communities.
banker and owner of the Edmond de Rothschild group
Austrian rabbi
Israeli novelist and sculptor born in Ukraine.
Rabbi of Djerba, specialist in Hebrew pronunciation (Sefat Emet).
Israeli historian
Danish rabbi
Son of the Brisker Rav, rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva of Brisk in Jerusalem.
American rabbi
Intellectual and leader of the Labor Zionist movement, one of the ideological fathers of the Yishuv. He founded the daily newspaper Davar.
American rabbi
American rabbi
American rabbi
British-South African rabbi (1916-1988)
American novelist and short-story writer, author of The Assistant and The Fixer. His work explores suffering and redemption in the Jewish experience.
American businessman and philanthropist
French rabbi
Argentine politician
British writer
Brazilian actress
Austrian social worker and feminist, founder of the German Jewish women's movement. Under the name "Anna O.," she was a foundational case in psychoanalysis.
United States Navy admiral (1918-1979)
American model
Dutch collaborator during World War II
Rabbi
Yiddish poetess and songwriter, born in Vienna, active in New York.
Swiss rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Brazilian actress
American politician
Israeli general and politician
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
rabbi (1913-2002)
Israeli rabbi
American rabbi
American Buddhist abbess
Dutch child psychologist
Yiddish short-story writer born in Galicia, singular voice of the postwar period.
American comedian (1956–2022)
American political figure
Russian political figure (1946—2013)
Russian poet and novelist of Jewish origin, Nobel Prize 1958 for Doctor Zhivago, which he was forced to decline. His work was long banned in the USSR.
Rosh yeshiva of Ateres Yisrael (Jerusalem), member of the Moetzes of Degel HaTorah.
Yemen-born Israeli rabbanit, Israel Prize laureate for social welfare
American film producer and actor
British journalist
German politician
American translator
Swiss actor
American gangster, co-founder of the crime syndicate
Brazilian comedian (1962–2006)
rabbi (1918-2005)
American baseball player
Canadian political figure
American politician
Argentine writer
American journalist
British rabbi
Chilean musician
Argentine politician
Italian lawyer, journalist and writer (1932–2023)
American rabbi
American rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
Yiddish author (1910–1982)
Israeli politician
Israeli Rabbi
Leading posek in Bnei Brak, author of Derech Emunah.
rabbi
Lithuanian rabbi
chief of staff of the secretariat of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902-1993)
Rosh yeshiva, posek (1910–2012)
American rabbi, writer and translator
Yiddish dramatist born in Bialystok, active in Paris, author of « Homens mapole ».
Expressionist painter of the School of Paris, born in Belarus, famous for his tormented portraits and still lifes. He lived in hiding during the Occupation.
Israeli actor
Chinese rabbi
Chemist and statesman, leader of the Zionist movement and first president of the State of Israel. His work in chemistry contributed to the British war effort.
Israeli rabbi
French rabbi
American Orthodox rabbi
chief rabbi
Israeli-American actress and singer
British rabbi
British rabbi
American rabbi
American political figure
Hebraist and historian of Judaism, specialist in Kabbalistic studies
French rabbi
American rabbi
Yiddish novelist and poetess, survivor of Łódź, major figure of the post-Shoah period.
Yiddish writer for children (Gershon Einbinder).
Wife of the Rebbe (1901–1988)
American writer
American politician
Great humorist of Yiddish literature, creator of the character Tevye the Dairyman. His work inspired the musical Fiddler on the Roof.
Polish Yiddish novelist and playwright, a prolific author translated into many languages. His novels about Jesus aroused fierce controversy.
American chemist and biochemist
Dutch-Austrian dancer and theater maker (1905-2005)
Brazilian activist
Italian writer
Ukrainian-Brazilian writer, poet and journalist (1920–1977)
French anthropologist, founder of structural anthropology, author of Tristes Tropiques and the Mythologiques. A major intellectual figure of the twentieth century.
Brazilian writer and poet
British politician
Algerian-born teacher and writer
Canadian actor
American actor
rabbi
South African rabbi
American science fiction author (1923-1958)
Poetess and Israeli playwright, modernist generation.
actress and singer
Israeli fencer
Israeli politician
Israeli novelist born in Poland, cosmopolitan erudition.
Danish basketball player (1977-2015)
French Liberal rabbi
French rabbi
Croatian writer
French singer-songwriter and pianist
acteur, notaire, comédien et musicien argentin
Kabbalist
Turkish singer
French composer of Les Six, one of the most prolific of the twentieth century, marked by his Provençal Jewish roots. He composed Jewish liturgical works.
British historian
Israeli politician
Israeli historian (1925-2000)
Chief Rabbi of Oran, last Chief Rabbi of Algeria, father of Léon Ashkenazi.
Chief Rabbi of Turkey
Israeli rabbi
Founding father and first Prime Minister of the State of Israel (1948-1953, 1955-1963). He proclaimed independence on 14 May 1948 and forged the institutions of the nascent state. A pragmatic visionary, he embodied the rebirth of Jewish sovereignty after 2,000 years of exile.
Hazzan and major paytan of Judeo-Andalusian music, born near Marrakech, active in Casablanca.
American historian
Israeli rabbi
Israeli politician
legal historian and exegete
rabbi (1947-2023)
French rabbi and resistance fighter
producteur et artiste américain
American-Israeli rabbi, 1931–2013
Argentinian lawyer and publisher (1912-1974)
American rabbi
Israeli politician
American rabbi and academic (1925-2008)
Singaporean politician
Spanish engineer (1928–2007)
French rabbi
rabbi and rosh yeshiva (b. 1906, d. 1942)
American film producer
Mexican actor
Moroccan-Israeli rabbi
Israeli novelist, Jerusalem cycle.
Rabbi born in Tehran, Chief Rabbi of the Nessah synagogue, son of Yedidia Shofet.
American sports executive
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi and military personnel (1903–1998)
Hungarian rabbi
Hungarian historian and interlinguist
British musician
Chilean journalist
American politician
American tennis player
Brazilian actress
American basketball player
American entrepreneur
Engaged Yiddish poetess, called the « poetess of fire ».
Israeli diplomat (1953-2025)
Costa Rican female politician
Poet, translator and Israeli editor, return to metrics.
Swiss rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of Slabodka (Bnei Brak), co-president of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.
Israeli rosh yeshiva (1921–2011)
Israeli politician
Lithuanian-born Israeli rabbi
American rabbi
American rabbi
American rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
One of the four roshei yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha (Lakewood).
rabbi
Rosh yeshiva and educator; founder of the Yeshiva Moreshes Yehoshua in Lakewood.
Skvirsky Rebbe Borough Park (1922–2001)
American writer
American actor and producer
American political figure
(1904-1993) pilote de course et homme d'affaires néerlandais
survivor of several German concentration camps during World War II
Dutch equestrian
Hungarian psychotherapist
Austrian jurist
French Holocaust survivor
German philosopher, student of Husserl, born Jewish and converted to Catholicism as a Carmelite. Deported and murdered at Auschwitz, she was canonized.
French philanthropist, "benefactor" of the Yishuv, who financed the first Jewish agricultural colonies in Palestine. His action was decisive for Zionist settlement.
German philosopher of Jewish origin, founder of phenomenology, teacher of Heidegger. He was expelled from the university by Nazi laws.
American mathematician
Israeli playwright and novelist, pillar of national theatre.
rabbi, French resistance fighter
son of the German physicist Albert Einstein
American politician
Hungarian-American nuclear physicist
American politician
recipient of the Purple Heart medal (1919-2008)
Peruvian politician
physicist (1902-1989)
Orthodox Sefardi rabbi and kabbalist (1948–2011)
Israeli rabbi
Czechoslovakian-born English rabbi
American actress
Israeli politician (female)
Holocaust survivor and second wife to Otto Frank (1905–1998)
American businessman, Director of the United Bands Company
Israeli songwriter and columnist (1948-2006)
Israeli diplomat
Israeli rabbi
Soviet physicist
Survivor of Auschwitz and Buchenwald, Nobel Peace laureate (1986). His account Night became the emblematic testimony of the Shoah. Through his writings and his engagement, he made memory a universal moral and ethical imperative: "Forgetting is the real enemy."
Orthodox rabbi
rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Head of the Lithuanian yeshiva world in Israel, director of the Ponevezh yeshiva and founder of the Degel ha-Torah party. A dominant figure of non-Hasidic Orthodox Judaism.
Latvian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Italian rabbi
United States representative for the State of New York from 1989 to 2021
American political figure
Finnish actor and singer (1930–1992)
Geneticist, founder of genetics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
German lawyer
Israeli rabbi
Rabbi born in Algeria, rabbi of the Technion, founder of the yeshiva Or VeYeshoua in Haifa.
Maggid shiur, Mir yeshiva (1947–2008)
Israeli writer and rabbi
Israeli-Latvian mathematician
Yiddish poet with pastoral lyricism, leading member of the Yung Vilne group.
American rabbi, environmentalist and founder of Shomrei Adamah
pop music composer
American composer
American rabbi
Dutch Orthodox Jewish leader (1923–2023)
psychologue austro-américain
German Expressionist poetess, one of the great lyrical voices of her time. Persecuted by the Nazis, she ended her life in Jerusalem.
Neurologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, among the last trained in Vienna before 1938.
American rabbi
Austrian rabbi naturalized British
Austrian musician
American rabbi
Israeli philosopher
French sociologist, one of the founders of modern sociology, son of a rabbi. Author of Suicide and The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.
French historian
French philosopher
Italian physicist
American activist
French rabbi
French-Lithuanian philosopher, one of the greatest thinkers of the twentieth century. His work (Totality and Infinity, Otherwise than Being) places ethics and responsibility toward the other at the foundation of philosophy. His Talmudic Readings renew the dialogue between Western philosophy and Jewish thought.
German mathematician, founder of modern abstract algebra; her theorem linking symmetries and conservation laws is fundamental in physics. She emigrated to the United States fleeing Nazism.
(1914–1987) writer, journalist, cultural historian, literary translator
rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli biologist and politician, 4th President of Israel
American rabbi
scholar of Israeli Judaism
officier militaire israélien
German sociologist
American singer-songwriter (1949–2024)
French photographer, photojournalist
Austrian-American cinematographer and photographer (1914-1976)
Austrian photographer
German sculptor (1904-1996)
Swiss-born American composer, part of whose work draws on Jewish themes, such as Schelomo. He directed conservatories in the United States.
French rabbi
Romanian Rabbi (1917-2004)
German chemist
German actor and director
German philosopher
Greek actor
Canadian Rabbi
Dutch artistic gymnast
American actress (1928-2022)
South African politician
Haganah member
American religious figure
Microbiologist, pioneer of bacterial genetics; discovered bacteriophage lambda.
American rabbi and philosopher (1924-2016)
Holocaust survivor
Brazilian actress and dancer
American rabbi
American rabbi
Talmudic scholar
American Hasidic community leader (1912–2001)
Australian poet, academic
British rabbi
Spanish politician
Italian comedian, singer, and dramatist
American rabbi
French politician and resistance fighter
Italian physicist
Franco-Austrian physician
American politician
American politician
American economist
Dutch director
anthropologist, polymath, poet (1909–1952)
German-American anthropologist, father of modern cultural anthropology, scourge of scientific racism. He trained an entire generation of American anthropologists.
German-language writer from Prague, author of The Trial and The Metamorphosis, a central figure of twentieth-century literature. His work was published largely posthumously.
German philosopher, author of The Star of Redemption, a major work of modern Jewish thought. He translated the Bible into German with Buber.
German actor
American rabbi
German chemist, Nobel Prize 1918 for the synthesis of ammonia, which revolutionized agriculture. His contribution to combat gases remains highly controversial.
Mexican author and activist
French fashion designer
Holocaust survivor, author (1923-2012)
Israeli Army general and rabbi
Israeli footballer
Italian psychologist
American genealogist
American Orthodox Rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
rabbi
Venezuelan sculptor and printmaker (1912-1994)
Belgian lawyer
Austrian journalist and director
American composer, author of Rhapsody in Blue and the opera Porgy and Bess, fusing jazz and classical music. Son of Russian Jewish immigrants.
Anglo-French-American literary critic, linguist, writer and philosopher
Greek-French singer (1934–2013)
rabbi, resistant
Irish politician
French producer and publisher
Argentine journalist and television presenter
German Jewish lawyer in international law, legal adviser and philosopher
British political activist
Founder of the scholarly study of Kabbalah and Jewish mysticism, professor at the Hebrew University. His works on Sabbatai Zevi are authoritative.
Israeli rabbi
rabbi
European Orthodox rabbi
British scholar (1924–2013)
American actor
Tunisian writer
Israeli poet and translator, cofounder of Keshev editions.
Italian writer and poet
American gynecologist
Mexican poet
Fourth Prime Minister of Israel (1969-1974), one of the founders of the state. Born in Kiev and raised in Milwaukee, she embodied Labor Zionism. Her leadership during the Yom Kippur War (1973) and her pragmatic diplomacy left their mark on the history of Israel.
British politician
rabbin canadien
Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor, author of nine monumental symphonies. Born Jewish, he conducted the Vienna Opera.
British pharmacologist
soldier and treasurer of the underground Jewish Fighting Organization, fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943)
French singer-songwriter
American historian
Hungarian horticulturist and politician
Hungarian water polo player
Hungarian writer
soldier (1902-1945)
Iranian Jewish businessman (1909–1979)
Spanish-Italian journalist, writer, translator (1940–2022)
Israeli linguist
Israeli novelist, religious world of Jerusalem.
Israeli politician
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia in office, originally from Djerba.
Uruguayan composer
Israeli poet, journalist, and filmmaker, a voice of the generation of 1948. His poem "Bab el-Wad" remains emblematic of the War of Independence.
Hebrew poet in the USSR, died in Soviet camps for writing in Hebrew.
Chief Rabbi of Tunisia, spiritual guide of the community, based in Djerba.
Hungarian rabbi
chief rabbi of Egypt
Israeli novelist and rabbi born in Egypt.
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
German-American political philosopher, author of The Origins of Totalitarianism and Eichmann in Jerusalem. Her thesis on the « banality of evil » sparked a vast debate.
Hungarian Jewish poet and paratrooper, sent by the British to rescue Jews from Hungary. Captured and executed, she became an Israeli national heroine.
Israeli novelist and journalist, 1948 generation.
American engineer, son of Albert Einstein
German actor
libraire de livres rares américain d'origine autrichienne (1907-1988)
Czech rabbi
American literary critic and professor
American film producer, choreographer, and talent agent
American rabbi and theologian
American actor (1944-2014)
American inventor (1924-2013)
Businessman and hotelier
Historian of philosophy at Harvard, specialist of Philo, the Church Fathers, and Spinoza. The first holder of a chair in Jewish studies in the United States.
British rabbi
crime novelist, teacher
American pornographic actor
American rabbi
American politician (1930-1978)
Israeli actress
Israeli rabbi
US rabbi and writer
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Considered the national poet of Israel, a major figure in the revival of Hebrew. His poem "In the City of Slaughter" shook Jewish consciousness after Kishinev.
Founder of the analytical method of Talmud study known as "Brisk," chief rabbi of Brest-Litovsk. His approach revolutionized the Lithuanian yeshivot.
Argentine political figure
Israeli poet and visual artist, Bialik Prize.
German chemist
Mexican journalist
South African politician, 20th and early 21st century
Dutch painter
Dutch artistic gymnast
French writer, victim of the Shoah
German resistance fighter against Nazism, executed
German architect
Polish jew (1933–1942)
Rosh yeshiva of the Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim (Rabbeinu Yisrael Meir HaKohen) in New York.
French philosopher, Nobel Prize in Literature 1927, author of Creative Evolution and theorist of duration. He refused exemption from Vichy's anti-Jewish laws.
French rabbi
American educator and Zionist leader, founder of the Hadassah organization and Youth Aliyah. She organized the rescue of thousands of Jewish children from Europe.
German rabbi
Brazilian actor and director (1933-2018)
German-American social worker (1907-1979)
German rabbi
American statesman and diplomat of German origin, Secretary of State, 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He shaped Cold War diplomacy.
Australian politician
reform rabbi from Brazil
Canadian political figure
German historian of modern age (1918–2005)
Danish-Israeli journalist
American rabbi
composer and organist
Soviet-Israeli physicist ( 1931-2026)
Orthodox rabbi (1918–2005)
Neo-Kantian philosopher, founder of the Marburg school, author of Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism. A major thinker of liberal Judaism.
German mathematician, author of the geometric formulation of four-dimensional space-time that underlies special relativity. He was one of Einstein's teachers.
German rabbi
American rabbi
Austrian-American mathematician
Biologist, pioneer of cell culture methods for protozoan parasites.
American philosopher and mathematician
German opera singer
Legal scholar
Rosh yeshiva
Rosh Yeshiva of Ofakim (Israel)
German illustrator
American composer and lyricist
American politician
British rabbi
filmmaker, producer and film actor
Romanian engineer and historian (1922-2021)
Brazilian actress
Dutch writer
Austrian swimmer
Franco-Moroccan, kidnapped and killed by the gang of barbarians
(1901–1952) opera singer
Portuguese writer
Soviet writer and journalist, co-author of The Black Book on the extermination of the Jews of the USSR. He was a complex figure of Stalinist literary life.
Hungarian educationist (1903–1970)
(1944–2026) jazz drummer
Yiddish poetess and yiddishist born in the Warsaw ghetto, writes in Yiddish and English.
French novelist of Russian Jewish origin, author of Suite Française, rediscovered and published decades after her death. She was deported and murdered at Auschwitz.
British political figure
Canadian businessman (1919–2001)
Inventor of the slow cooker
Soviet writer from Odessa, author of Red Cavalry and the Odessa Tales. He was arrested and executed during the Stalinist purges.
Brazilian actor
Yiddish-language writer, Nobel Prize in Literature 1978, painter of the vanished Jewish world of Eastern Europe. An émigré to the United States, he pursued a prolific body of work there.
Syrian rabbi
British rabbi
American rabbi
Polish Yiddish and Hebrew writer, one of the three classic authors of Yiddish literature. His Hasidic and neo-Romantic tales deeply marked Jewish culture.
Polish politician
American rabbi
Lithuanian cyclist
Turkish rabbi
French entrepreneur, founder of the Partouche group
Israeli philosopher
Israeli Rabbi (1935-1997)
Yiddish novelist, elder brother of Isaac Bashevis Singer, author of The Brothers Ashkenazi and Yoshe Kalb. He was a major figure of the modern Yiddish novel.
Israeli Rebbe
Israeli poet born in Bulgaria, Israel Prize 2005.
Israeli rabbi
American philosopher
British writer and publicist, author of Children of the Ghetto, who popularized the expression "melting pot." Leader of the Jewish territorialist movement.
Dramatist at the State Yiddish Theater of Romania, historian of Yiddish theater.
Hungarian theologian, chief rabbi, university lecturer (1922–2015)
Hungarian classical scholar and historian (1913–1984)
Classical violinist (1903-1920)
Yiddish editor, critic and essayist, editor of « Yidishe Kultur ».
Canadian director
American writer
Israeli-American Reconstructionist rabbi
songwriter
American comedian, actor, producer and screenwriter (1928-2021)
Rabbi, theologian (1911-1986)
American rabbi
American scholar of Judaism and Rabbinic literature (1932–2016)
American rabbi
Dutch rabbi (1914-1976)
German sociologist
British-Czech textile designer (1903–1986)
French philosopher born in Algeria, founder of deconstruction, one of the most influential thinkers of his time. From a Jewish family of Algiers.
Belgian film scholar
French rabbi
French rabbi
Brazilian architect, urban planner and politician (1937-2021)
American rabbi and theologian (1925-1991)
president of the World Bank
American writer
Psychoanalyst, president of the Paris Psychoanalytic Society; reformulation of the ego ideal.
Dutch Holocaust survivor (1916–2003)
Polish pediatrician, writer, and educator, director of a Jewish orphanage in Warsaw. He refused to be separated from his children and was deported with them to Treblinka.
American violinist of Lithuanian origin, considered one of the greatest of all time. A child prodigy, he left a lasting mark on the art of the violin.
Austrian writer
heroic French Air Force pilot during the Second World War, and a key subject in the non-fiction literary work Flight to Arras (Pilote de guerre) written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
French rabbi
French rabbi
French rabbi
Swiss writer and literary theorist
French journalist, essayist and press magnate
French Resistance fighter, Companion of the Liberation
Israeli rabbi
United States admiral (1939–1996)
American actor
Dutch singer
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
American rabbi
American television host, comedian, author and actress (1933-2014)
Australian politician
American actor
American photographer (1911-2006)
punk-rock singer
British rabbi and theologian
Hungarian-American mathematician, one of the most universal minds of the twentieth century, pioneer of computer science, game theory and quantum mechanics. He took part in the Manhattan Project.
French singer
white South African musician and anti-apartheid icon
American film producer
American virologist, inventor of the first effective vaccine against poliomyelitis. He refused to patent his discovery in order to make it accessible to all.
American writer and rabbi (1942-2012)
Argentine politician
Argentine talmud researcher
British rabbi
Austrian rabbi (1901–1994)
rabbi (1921–1990)
« The Rav »: rosh yeshiva at RIETS, philosopher and major figure of modern Orthodoxy.
Austrian archaeologist
A great figure of American modern Orthodoxy, philosopher and Talmudist, long a teacher at Yeshiva University. Author of Halakhic Man.
Russian-American poet, Nobel Prize in Literature 1987, exiled from the Soviet Union after a trial for "parasitism." He became Poet Laureate of the United States.
Decisor and head of the orthodox community of the old Yishuv in Jerusalem, opposed to secular Zionism. He led the Edah HaHaredit.
American businessman
Historian and literary critic, professor at the Hebrew University, author of studies on the Second Temple and on modern Hebrew literature. He was a candidate for the presidency of Israel in 1949.
American rabbi
Austrian novelist and journalist, author of The Radetzky March, a nostalgic chronicler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He died in exile in Paris.
Polish partisan
Chief Rabbi of France
American rabbi and theologian (1903–1993)
American political activist (1901-1956)
American psychiatrist
historien juif allemand, survivant de la Shoah
Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1915-1997)
American rabbi
American congregational reform Rabbi and scholarly writer
French rabbi, religious programme producer
Hungarian rabbi
American rabbi
Yiddish poet and essayist, later figure of the introspectivists In Zikh.
Israeli computer scientist
Physiologist, discovered cryoprecipitation, a key treatment for hemophilia.
Israeli novelist and short-story writer.
American fashion designer (1921-2018)
Archaeologist, led excavations of the Canaanite site of Ai (Et-Tell).
American director
rabbi and liturgist; son of Henry and Lena Lipman Harlow
American economist
German-British rabbi (1922-2001)
Norwegian concentration camp survivor
American dancer
German holocaust survivor
Israeli politician
American labor leader (1953-2021)
Chilean journalist
film set decorator
Rabbi of Djerba, author of Siftei Renanot, a commentary on the Psalms.
American singer, songwriter, novelist, columnist and politician
Computer scientist, one of the first programmers; pioneer of numerical weather prediction.
Italian writer and teacher (1907–2000)
Brazilian musician
American journalist, radio and television host and actor (1933–2021)
Hungarian local politician, teacher and historian (1981-2025)
Hungarian politician
American social worker (1903-1997)
Colombian historian and transgender rights activist
Hebrew poetess, translator, and scholar, a central figure of Israeli literature. She founded the department of comparative literature at the Hebrew University.
American rabbi
British rabbi
Polish rabbi
Egyptian actor and singer (1918–1995)
American actor
German rabbi
German rabbi
French rabbi and resistance fighter
Rabbi and thinker born in Oran, trained in kabbalah, major intellectual figure of French Judaism.
French socialist statesman, the first Jewish president of the Council, leader of the Popular Front in 1936. Deported by the Nazis, he survived Buchenwald.
British political figure
American advocate of interfaith dialogue (1930–2009)
American rabbi
American conductor and composer, director of the New York Philharmonic, author of West Side Story. He was a world-renowned music educator.
Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, poet, novelist, and painter
American businessman
American military officer
American actor and filmmaker
Ukrainian-American businessman
Austrian priest (1912–1992)
British rabbi
American politician
Russian theatre director (1950-2021)
Soviet psychologist, founder of cultural-historical psychology, whose theory of development left a lasting mark on pedagogy. He died young of tuberculosis.
Israeli statesman, the third Prime Minister of Israel, in office during the Six-Day War. He worked to develop the country's water resources and agriculture.
American rabbi
Dutch rabbi
Yiddish poet from Vilno, member of the Yung Vilne group, died in Soviet exile.
American-Mexican singer
American photographer
British Reform rabbi, journalist and broadcaster (1930–2016)
Austrian physicist, co-discoverer of nuclear fission, which she interpreted theoretically. A refugee from Nazism, she refused to take part in the making of the bomb.
fashion designer (1910-1997)
Venezuelan politician
American philanthropist
Talmudist and folklorist, author of The Legends of the Jews, a vast compilation of aggadot. He was a major figure of the Jewish Theological Seminary.
British historian and rabbi
British Jewish scholar (1920-2006)
Tunisian singer
American poet, Nobel laureate in Literature
Austrian philosopher, one of the most influential of the 20th century, author of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Of Jewish ancestry, he taught at Cambridge.
American rapper
Hungarian sculptor
Belgian translator
American entrepreneur (1928-2014)
Yiddish poetess born in Galicia, widely read in America.
One of the four roshei yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha (Lakewood); grandson of Aharon Kotler.
Uruguayan historian
French historian, co-founder of the Annales school, a resistance fighter shot by the Gestapo. Author of The Royal Touch and Strange Defeat.
pop-rock singer and guitarist (1947-1977)
French painter of Russian origin, one of the great masters of modern art, whose work is imbued with the imagery of the shtetl. Creator of famous stained glass windows and ceilings.
American rabbi
French actor and mime
Brazilian musician
British actress
Psychoanalyst, theorist of the 'crypt' and the phantom with Nicolas Abraham.
Polish writer
German resistance fighter against Nazism
French Jewish historian and educator
Czech poet and literature historian (1936–2020)
American lyricist
Uruguayan mathematician
producteur de télévision américain (1915–1992)
American painter of Latvian origin, a major figure of Abstract Expressionism and "color field painting." His large meditative canvases are world-renowned.
Canadian biologist, HIV specialist
German textile artist, Bauhaus student
American rabbi
Hungarian pianist and music pedagogue
Hungarian writer
Austrian activist and zoologist
Philosopher of dialogue, author of I and Thou, and a great disseminator of Hasidic tales. He taught in Frankfurt and then at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
American lawyer
British playwright, theatre critic, scholar (1918-2002)
American businessman
American actor (1928–2017)
classical scholar
American businessman (1934–2017)
American television news reporter (1921-2007)
Tunisian rabbi
medical researcher (1926–2018)
Dutch businessman
Canadian contralto
Israeli artist
American rabbi
Indian activist (1901–1976)
Romanian writer
German philosopher and sociologist, director of the Institute for Social Research (Frankfurt School). With Adorno, he developed critical theory.
Physician, writer, and co-founder of the Zionist movement alongside Herzl. A theorist of "muscular Judaism," he was a figure of the early Zionist congresses.
Dutch writer and cabaret artist (1909-1990)
American theologian
French rabbi
Israeli politician
lesbian and non-binary musician
Israeli poet, Bialik Prize and three Prime Minister's Prizes.
Hungarian rabbi and educationist (1908-1998)
American mathematician, physicist (1929-2011)
Israeli rabbi (1934–2009)
Israeli politician
Dutch rabbi
rabbi and politician (1932-1990)
Israeli rabbi
Polish rabbi, initiator of the Daf Yomi, the worldwide cycle of daily Talmud study. He founded the great Hakhmé Lublin yeshiva.
Israeli modernist poet from Tel-Aviv, Israel Prize 2000.
American rabbi
American diplomat
American actor
Leader of the Irgun and then Prime Minister of Israel, signatory of the Camp David peace accords with Egypt. Nobel Peace Prize 1978.
Israeli philosopher and literary theorist, pacifist activist.
Israeli Orthodox Jewish rabbi and a peacemaker
Israeli politician
Russian educator and rabbi (1907-1995)
Seventh and last Rebbe of Chabad-Lubavitch, he turned the movement into a worldwide network of emissaries. A prolific thinker, he profoundly shaped contemporary Judaism.
Hasidic rebbe
Israeli politician
Fifth Sochatchover Rebbe (1934-1969)
Israeli statesman
Israeli director
American Hasidic rebbe
Polish photographer
Polish rabbi
Son of the Brisker Rav, rosh yeshiva of a yeshiva of Brisk in Jerusalem, last witness of pre-war Lithuania.
Grand Rebbe of the Tosh hasidic dynasty
French rabbi
Great Orthodox Jewish Rabbi of the 20th century
American mobster who built Las Vegas with Bugsy Siegel (1902–1983)
Romanian rabbi
Professor of African Medicine
Israeli politician
Orthodox Rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
American Reform rabbi, civil rights activist, and human rights activist (1924-2006)
rabbi
German-American scholar
Romanian political scientist and journalist
German-born musician and professor of German literature
biblical scholar
Israeli novelist, poet and stage director.
Canadian entrepreneur and art collector
rabbi (1913-2011)
Polish writer
French statesman
Soviet rabbi
Rosh yeshiva in Bnei Brak, member of the Moetzes of Degel HaTorah.
American actress
American journalist
Swedish writer
Romanian writer
President of Agudath Israel of America
American actor
Russian writer
Jewish-Dutch journalist, writer, television producer and director (1920–2011)
American actor (1908-2002)
Canadian businessman
American rabbi
American rabbi
American aviator, one of the five founding pilots of the Israeli Air Force (1919-2004)
American politician
American military officer
Austrian Jewish secretary
Iraqi Jewish Author and poet
Israeli novelist and short story writer.
Israeli poet, feminine and Mizrahi voice.
Israeli politician
Israeli writer
Croatian rabbi
American sociologist
American baseball player
Canadian musician
French rabbi
Egyptian actor and musician (1922–1981)
Canadian politician
Canadian writer, novelist, essayist and screenwriter (1931-2001)
Leader of the Jewish Combat Organization, he led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943. He died in the bunker on Mila Street.
Israeli rabbi
Romanian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Poet, psychologist and Israeli visual artist, Bialik Prize.
American rabbi
Grand Rabbi of Vizhnitz (1922-2018)
rabbi (1921-2014)
French rabbi
Brother and assistant to Belzer Rebbi
Yemenite rabbi
rabbin israélien
American rabbi
American rabbi
Canadian-American journalist (1931-2016)
American blogger, writer, artist, and supercentenarian (1914–2024)
American gangster and con artist in the fields of jazz clubs, music publishing, and the independent record industry (1927-1990)
American entrepreneur
American composer
Canadian political figure
Swiss rabbi
Jewish historian
Greek physician, academic, and politician
Romanian rabbi
Israeli politician
Hungarian rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli politician
rabbi and historian (1908–2010)
American rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli general and politician, Minister of Defense during the Six-Day War. His black eye patch became an emblematic image.
Israeli poet and essayist, figure of the Likrat group, Bialik Prize.
Romanian rabbi
The leading Orthodox halakhic authority in North America in the twentieth century, author of the responsa Igrot Moshe. His rulings settled countless questions of modernity.
American rabbi
Jewish orthodox writer and journalist (1936–2023)
concentration camps survivor, memoirist and poet in Ladino
Romanian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Rosh yeshiva of Slabodka (Bnei Brak), co-president of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah.
rabbi and anti-Zionist activist
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli film director
Israeli economist
Israeli rabbi
Foreign minister and then second Prime Minister of Israel. A moderate diplomat, he often opposed Ben Gurion's hardline stance.
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
rabbi of Zurich
American rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
German rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi of the Reform movement
Israeli politician
Lelover Rebbi
Hassidic mashpiah in New York
Australian political figure
Israeli playwright, political theatre (Kastner, Pollard).
French poet and journalist
Yiddish prose writer (pseud. Ber Sarin) of the Yung Vilne group, murdered by the Nazis.
rabbi
American political figure
American rabbi
Orthodox Jewish Rabbi
American rabbi
Hasidic rabbi (1916–2009)
rabbi
Jewish literary scholar, theologian, and editor
Israeli rabbi
Writer, journalist, and Zionist leader, president of the World Zionist Organization. He played a key diplomatic role in securing the Balfour Declaration.
Italian writer
Latvian rabbi
Israeli business executive
Israeli political figure
Israeli rabbi
chief rabbi of Lod, Israel
Israeli politician
Major Israeli poet and publicist, whose verse chronicles accompanied the struggles of the Yishuv. Author of the collection Stars Outside.
Italian physician
French rabbi, resistant and deportee
German rabbi
Israeli novelist and playwright, 1948 generation.
Israeli biblical scholar and educator, who renewed the study of the Torah through her study sheets circulated worldwide. Sister of Yeshayahou Leibowitz.
Polish historian
Latvian diplomat
American rabbi
American politician
American playwright and screenwriter
German poetess, Nobel Prize in Literature 1966, whose work is a lament for the Jewish people. She took refuge in Sweden in 1940.
actor
Danish physicist, Nobel Prize 1922, father of the atomic model and of quantum physics. Of Jewish mother, he helped save the Danish Jews in 1943.
actrice américaine
Physician in gynecological oncology; survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto, directed Radiumhemmet.
Contemporary Israeli novelist, political fictions.
American rabbi
French rabbi
Israeli playwright, baroque language and royal myths at Habima.
Chilean actor
American rabbi
American political figure
American rabbi
Rabbi
Hungarian lecturer
American mathematician, founder of cybernetics, the science of control and communication. A child prodigy, he was a professor at MIT.
German tax advisor, functionary in Jewish organisations (1913-1998)
American journalist
American rabbi
American writer
American art collector (1907-1993)
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Brazilian actress
Franco-Israeli activist
variety singer
British crystallographer (1924-2023)
Mathematician, over 300 articles in number theory and matrix theory.
Italian journalist, writer, television presenter, and radio host
French art collector and industrialist of Tunisian origin
Great Russian poet, a figure of Acmeism, persecuted for a poem targeting Stalin. He died in a transit camp of the Gulag.
Austrian football player
Israeli Rabbinical scholar (1913-1988)
German physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize 1931, pioneer in the study of cellular metabolism and cancer. The Warburg effect bears his name.
Sephardic chief rabbi of Israel, a major halakhic authority of the twentieth century and founder of the Shas party. He worked to restore the pride of the Sephardic heritage.
Israeli rabbi
Hungarian rabbi
German-language poet of Romanian origin, author of the “Todesfuge” (Death Fugue), among the greatest poems on the Holocaust. He lost his parents in the camps.
German physician and bacteriologist, Nobel Prize 1908, founder of chemotherapy and modern immunology. He discovered the first treatment for syphilis.
rabbi, French resister
Romanian activist
American politician
American rabbi
Venezuelan political figure
Chilean filmmaker
American actress
Yiddish poet and fabulist, youngest member of the Yung Vilne group.
British rabbi
American rabbi
Canadian and Israeli actor and filmmaker
American director
American rabbi
American writer and translator
American businessman (1902–1976)
American novelist, author of Portnoy's Complaint and The Human Stain, one of the great writers of the American Jewish condition. Repeatedly tipped for the Nobel.
Dutch writer
French statesman, president of the Council, architect of the end of the Indochina War. A moral figure of the left, he was of Sephardic Jewish origin.
French television host and filmmaker
Israeli poet
Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty (1926–1996)
Polish rabbi
American Rabbi (1908-1995)
German rabbi
American rabbi
Polish rabbi of Hasidic ancestry (1912–1998)
Israeli religious Zionist rabbi and educator
Rabbi born in Taroudant, called Baba Pinhas, Zionist activist in Marrakech, venerated as a saint.
Israeli novelist and poet born in Poland.
Polish Jewish resistance fighter
American artist
Italian writer and chemist, survivor of Auschwitz, author of If This Is a Man, a major testimony on the Holocaust. His work probes the human condition after the camps.
American rabbi
Pioneering Hebrew poetess, known simply as "Rahel," a beloved figure of the lyrical revival in the Land of Israel. Her poems were widely set to music.
Biologist, partisan of the Vilna Ghetto and historian of the Shoah.
American science fiction author
Israeli professional wrestler
French rabbi
Spanish basketball administrator (1926-1997)
Yiddish poetess, major voice after the Shoah.
American scientist, Nobel laureate in medicine
Poet, translator and Israeli linguist.
Beta Israel high priest
Tunisian rabbi
Polish jurist, creator of the concept of "genocide" and architect of the 1948 UN convention. He devoted his life to the criminalization of mass crimes.
Hungarian academic
French rabbi
Poetess, filmmaker and Israeli professor, experimental work.
Australian-Israeli rabbi (1935–2024)
French philosopher and sociologist, liberal theorist of international relations and a leading editorialist. Author of The Opium of the Intellectuals.
Egyptian philosopher
American basketball player
American basketball player
member of the Polish Jewish resistance
German woman rabbi
Jewish singer from Algeria and Judeo-Arabic culture, notable representative of houzi folklore
American physicist
Rabbi, French resistance fighter
French rabbi and Resistance fighter
Chief Rabbi of France
first Miss Iraq in history
Italian lawyer
American police chief
Israeli educator
Rabbi, scholar, religious leader (1933–2019)
Italian rabbi
American physicist, Nobel Prize 1965, one of the founders of quantum electrodynamics. Famous for his diagrams and his gift as a teacher.
American politician
American politician
American aeronautical engineer
Australian businessman (1934–2009)
American rabbi and theologian (1924–2021)
American politician
Yiddish poetess, called « the poetess of Jerusalem ».
Italian neurobiologist
Israeli Yiddish poet (1925–2023)
American physicist and inventor
photographer and war correspondent of Hungarian origin
American biochemist and pharmacologist
American rabbi and theologian
American historian
American journalist
composer and pianist
American politician
American physicist, scientific director of the Manhattan Project and “father of the atomic bomb.” He was later cast aside during the McCarthyist witch hunt.
American diplomat
Austrian rabbi
American-Israeli mathematician
American animal rights activist
Tunisian politician
French rabbi
Israeli military commander
German merchant, Holocaust survivor
French writer of Lithuanian Jewish origin, aviator of the Free French, the only author to receive the Prix Goncourt twice. Author of Promise at Dawn.
American rabbi
Argentine actress, television personality and screenwriter (1974-2010)
Israeli journalist and academic
American rabbi
Israeli actress, screenwriter and director
American publicist
Poet and Israeli painter of Iraqi origin, translated into 45 languages.
Polish-German Marxist theorist and revolutionary, co-founder of the Spartacus League. She was assassinated in Berlin in January 1919.
Argentine human rights activist
British chemist and crystallographer whose diffraction images were decisive for the discovery of the structure of DNA. She came from a Jewish family in London.
Brazilian writer
Italian writer, journalist and poet (1931–2009)
Mathematician and logician, founder of recursion theory.
Czech political figure, victim of the Prague trials
American computer scientist
Israeli novelist and short story writer, introspective prose.
British cryptoanalyst
Canadian scholar
New Zealand politician and community volunteer (1923–2019)
British actress
German-American sex therapist, author and television producer
Italian archaeologist
Iraqi musician
American historian of Galician origin, author of an eighteen-volume Social and Religious History of the Jews. He criticized the "lachrymose conception" of Jewish history.
American animation producer
Hebrew poet, researcher and Mizrahi social activist.
Israeli businessman
American rabbi
American entrepreneur
American rabbi
Israeli journalist
American political figure
American rabbi
Brazilian journalist
rabbin et érudit juif hongrois (1913-1985)
Israeli model and Miss Israel 1984
Zionist heroine, a leading member of the Nili spy network serving the British against the Ottomans. Captured and tortured, she took her own life.
Israeli novelist and playwright, religious themes.
Yiddish writer and actress, born in Radomsko, emigrated to Canada.
Hungarian musician
American sociologist and writer
American novelist, Nobel Prize in Literature 1976, author of Herzog and The Adventures of Augie March. A major figure of Jewish-American literature.
American philosopher
Leading Talmudist, specialist of the Tosefta and of Jewish Hellenism, at the Jewish Theological Seminary. His erudition was authoritative in both the academic and rabbinic worlds.
Chilean writer
American businessman and financier
Major Hebrew poet, trained as a physician, renowned for his idylls and his Hellenizing lyricism. With Bialik, he founded modern Hebrew poetry.
Israeli short story writer and playwright born in Germany.
Dutch Holocaust survivor (1922–2018)
Jewish German-speaking poet from Bukovina
Dutch journalist
American microbiologist of Ukrainian origin, Nobel Prize 1952, discoverer of streptomycin, the first effective antibiotic against tuberculosis. He coined the term “antibiotic.”
Ukrainian Jew engaged in the Soviet Red Army (1922-1942)
Economist and former Chilean politician
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Militant Zionist Philosopher (1924–1978)
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli editor and literary critic (1912–1978)
Israeli professor
rabbi
Israeli rabbi
American comedian, writer and professor (1925–2017)
(1912-1943)
American rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli novelist and journalist.
Egyptian lawyer and politician (1920-2001)
Israeli rabbi
Israeli poet and writer born in Sderot, Sapir Prize.
Sephardi rabbi (1928–2023)
Born near Demnate, dayan in Marrakech and Casablanca, then rabbi of Kfar Yona in Israel.
Israeli rabbi
rabbi and Jewish thinker (1949-2007)
Israeli statesman, Prime Minister and then president, architect of the Oslo Accords and Nobel Peace Prize 1994. He played a central role in the nuclear program and the defense industry.
American rabbi
Grand Rabbi of Morocco (1994–1998), successor of Chalom Messas as head of Moroccan rabbinate.
American rabbi
Yiddish poet with rural lyricism, founding member of the Yung Vilne group.
Israeli poet and translator, Sumerian and Akkadian literature.
Yiddish short-story writer, from the kibbutz to the Soviet Union.
American-born rabbi (1931–2013)
Jewish musician (1925–1994)
Israeli-born leader of the Lev Tahor sect
American rabbi
First chief rabbi of the IDF and then Ashkenazi chief rabbi of Israel, a specialist in military Halakha. He sounded the shofar at the Western Wall in 1967.
American rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
American mathematician
Master of Mussar, author of Alei Shour, mashgiach of Be'er Yaakov and later founder of Givat Shaul.
Decisor of Jerusalem, a leading authority on questions of Halakha and modern technology. He headed the Kol Torah yeshiva.
Rosh Hashochtim of Poland, Chief Rabbi of Hannover and Lower Saxony
Israeli politician
British rabbi
Yiddish poet, lyricist and resistance fighter, cofounder of the Yung Vilne group.
Polish poet
Israeli rabbi
American rabbi
Co-founder and rosh yeshiva of the Talmudical Yeshiva of Philadelphia; disciple of Aharon Kotler.
rabbi (1913–1979)
Polish rabbi
Israeli ultra-Orthodox rabbi
Hebrew-language writer, Nobel Prize in Literature 1966, whose work fuses Jewish tradition and modernity. He is one of the pillars of Hebrew prose.
American rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
American rabbi
Israeli novelist and playwright, detective novels.
Israeli novelist and essayist born in Warsaw.
Canadian pornographic actress
American chemist
American rabbi
American novelist, playwright, screenwriter, producer, director and actor
Austrian physician, founder of psychoanalysis, author of The Interpretation of Dreams. He had to flee Vienna in 1938 in the face of Nazism.
Brazilian media personality
Romanian politician
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Dutch rabbi (1902-1945)
Russian historian of Judaism, theorist of Diaspora autonomism, author of a World History of the Jewish People. He was murdered in Riga by the Nazis.
French rabbi
American rabbi
British filmmaker (1970-2010)
Camp survivor and "Nazi hunter," he devoted his life to tracking down war criminals. He contributed to the capture of Adolf Eichmann.
French stateswoman, Auschwitz survivor, Minister of Health who secured passage of the law legalizing abortion. The first president of the European Parliament, she was interred in the Panthéon.
Israeli rabbi
Sephardic rabbi (1912–1994)
Romanian mathematician
Scholar and leader of Conservative Judaism, discoverer of the Cairo Genizah. He presided over the Jewish Theological Seminary of New York.
rabbin britannique
American politician
Israeli singer
American economist
British businessman, Baron Kalms
American actor
Israeli politician
World-renowned Austrian writer, author of The Royal Game and The World of Yesterday. Exiled by Nazism, he took his own life in Brazil.
Greek singer
American political figure
American journalist
High-energy physicist, expert in interactions of K mesons with nucleons.
American entrepreneur
French public figure
Australian political figure
American actress
Israeli poet born in New York, translator and anthologist.
Israeli activist
Hungarian politician
British judge
German philosopher and sociologist, a major figure of the Frankfurt School, co-author of Dialectic of Enlightenment. His critical thought shaped aesthetic theory.
American activist (1910–1986)
American politician
composer, conductor, pianist
Hungarian-born Swiss rabbi and businessman (1923–1980)
American serviceman
American actor
American musician
Italian mathematician, co-founder of tensor calculus, which served as the basis for Einstein's general relativity. He was expelled from the university by the Fascist racial laws.
Israeli painter
Israeli poet in Hebrew and German languages, Israel Prize 2008.
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Israeli director
Hebrew and Yiddish poet, a prophetic and nationalist voice, marked by the Shoah and Revisionist Zionism. One of the greatest Hebrew poets of the twentieth century.
Iranian rabbi
Israeli translator
Israeli rabbi
Canadian journalist
French actress
Soviet writer and journalist, author of Life and Fate, an epic banned in the USSR. He was among the first to document the Shoah in the East.
American astronomer and physicist
American actress (1938–2019)
Italian actress (1938-2014)
Israeli politician
Austrian professor of neurology and psychiatry
Israeli rabbi
Italian writer and journalist
Italian journalist
Virtuoso American pianist of Ukrainian origin, one of the greatest of the twentieth century. His interpretations of Rachmaninoff and Liszt are benchmarks.
Writer and Zionist leader, founder of Revisionist Zionism and of the Jewish Legion. Theorist of the “Iron Wall,” he inspired the Israeli right.
Russian politician
Israeli rabbi
German philosopher and critic, author of The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility. Fleeing the Nazis, he took his own life at Portbou.
American rabbi
American psychologist of Austrian origin (1930-2018)
German industrialist and statesman, Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic. He was assassinated by antisemitic far-right nationalists.
German Jewish resistance fighter against Nazism, died 1945 at Sachsenhausen camp
American director, screenwriter and producer
British actor
American rabbi
German rabbi
American director and producer
American rabbi
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Israeli soldier and politician
Israeli writer
Lithuanian–Israeli rabbi
Maggid of Novardok, renowned preacher in Israel.
Israeli diplomat
Talmudist and spiritual figure of Bnei Brak, author of the Kehilot Yaakov. Brother-in-law of the Chazon Ish, he was a guide for the yeshiva world.
French rabbi
Israeli politician
American rabbi
Israeli novelist and playwright, modernist prose from Tel-Aviv.
Rosh yeshiva of Ner Israel (Baltimore).
rav of Montreal's Belz community
rabbi, Jewish decisor
Israeli rabbi
Israeli politician
Russian Orthodox rabbi (1913-1983)
American actor (1939–2021)
Uzbek sculptor
rabbi
Founder and President of the International Fellowship of Christians and Jews.
Rosh yeshiva, Shaar Hashamayim Yeshiva
Lithuanian rabbi
Rosh yeshiva
Rabbi of Fès, president of the rabbinical courts of Fès then Casablanca, grand rabbi of Morocco.
Iranian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli military officer and academic political scientist
Israeli encyclopedist
Israeli novelist, psychological realism.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Considered the greatest modern Israeli poet, translated throughout the world. His poetry blends the everyday, love, war, and Jewish tradition.
Born in Tunis, kabbalist, rabbi of the Western Wall and director of the yeshiva Beit El.
American rabbi and physicist
Israeli rabbi and politician (1924–2010)
Israeli rabbi
person associated with Hebrew manuscripts
Chief Rabbi of Tehran and posek, directing schools and Iranian Jewish institutions.
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Israeli educator
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Rosh yeshiva
Israeli rabbi
American-British violinist and conductor, a child prodigy who became a committed humanist. He founded a music school and worked for reconciliation.
Israeli novelist born in Warsaw.
Hungarian rabbi
Haredi rabbi and Rosh yeshiva
One of the roshei yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha (Lakewood).
Israeli rabbi
Israeli scientist and philosopher, radical thinker of Halakha as the disinterested service of God. He was a leading critical voice in Israeli public life.
Israeli religious scholar
Hasidic Rabbi
Israeli soldier, member of the Knesset and archaeologist
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Contemporary Israeli novelist, thrillers and memory.
Israeli politician (1913-1970)
rabbi (1923-2017)
Holocaust survivor, oldest living man
Israeli rabbi
Rebbe (Grand Rabbi) of Skulen in Brooklyn, New York (1923-2019)
American rabbi
Rabbi and Kabbalists
2nd Rebbe of the Dushinsky Hasidic dynasty of Jerusalem, Israel
American-Israeli religious leader
One of the four roshei yeshiva of Beth Medrash Govoha (Lakewood).
Israeli rabbi
Polish-born rabbi
Last dayan of Vilna, founder of the yeshiva Netzach Yisroel in Jerusalem.
Bohush Rebbe
Mayor of Bnei Brak
Israeli rabbi
American Haredi rabbi
French rabbi
Dean of the yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin in Brooklyn, author of Pachad Yitzchak.
Rosh yeshiva at the yeshiva of Mir, Jerusalem.
American rabbi
rabbi (1922-2021)
Rabbi (1929-2001)
Chief Rabbi (1926–2022)
Hungarian rabbi
Russian Rabbi
Poet, writer and Israeli journalist.
Israeli politician
Sephardic chief rabbi of Israel (Rishon le-Tsion), originally from Baghdad, a respected decisor. He played a role in the unification of the chief rabbinate.
Israeli writer born in Ukraine, symbolist prose.
Israeli general and statesman, Prime Minister and architect of the Oslo Accords, Nobel Peace Prize 1994. He was assassinated by a Jewish extremist.
Hungarian-born Israeli rabbi
One of the four mothers of Hebrew poetry, Israel Prize 1972.
Chabad rabbi (1930-2021)
Israeli rabbi
Rebbe of Satmar, founder of the largest Hasidic community in America and a figure of religious anti-Zionism. Survivor of the Kasztner transport.
Last Chief Rabbi of Aleppo (from 1959); emigrated to New York, author of the biblical commentary « Meir Tov ».
French architect
religious figure (1904-1969)
Israeli politician
Israeli politician
Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Givatayim
Jewish Hasidic religious leader and Holocaust survivor (1903–1984)
Chief Rabbi of Iran from 1994 to 2007, decision-maker and leader of the Jewish community.
American historian, holder of the Salo W. Baron Chair of Jewish History, Culture, and Society at Columbia University. His work "Zakhor: Jewish History and Jewish Memory" (1982) contrasts collective memory—liturgical and transmitted—with modern critical historiography, a foundational distinction that inspires the name and approach of the Zakhor platform. He also shaped the study of the Marranos and the reading of Freud's "Moses."
Romanian rabbi
Israeli rabbi
Yemenite-Israeli rabbi, scholar and translator (1917–2000)
Posek of the first rank of haredi Lithuanian Judaism in Israel.
Israeli politician
Israeli rabbi
Israeli-Moroccan rabbi, descendant of Haïm Pinto, appointed grand rabbi of Morocco in 2019.
Russian political figure
Talmudic genius renowned for his encyclopedic erudition and conceptual method, rabbi of the Hasidim of Dvinsk. Author of the Tzafnat Paaneach.
Chief Rabbi of Iran and physician, current religious leader of the Jewish community.
Iranian rabbi
Canadian singer
Israeli rabbi
American writer and activist, Jewish Renewal movement pioneer
American rabbi
Israeli linguist
American rabbi
American linguist
former Governor-General of Australia (1919–2011)
Czech writer and film director
American actor
Israeli politician
American rabbi
American rabbi
Soviet Russian rabbi
Panamanian rabbi
Hungarian politician
Georgian statesman, former prime minister
American actress
Israeli rabbi
Israeli writer
American rabbi
Hungarian Orthodox Rabbi
Israeli rabbi, scholar, and educator who produced the first complete translation of the Babylonian Talmud into modern Hebrew (and into English, French, and Russian). His monumental work, completed in 2010 after 45 years of labor, made the Talmud accessible to millions of non-specialist readers.
Israeli novelist and essayist, author of See Under: Love and To the End of the Land. Winner of the Man Booker International Prize 2017.
Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth (1991-2013), philosopher and prolific author. His works on interfaith dialogue, the dignity of difference, and morality in modern society made him one of the most widely heard Jewish voices in the Western world in the twenty-first century.
Soviet dissident imprisoned in the gulag for 9 years for teaching Hebrew and requesting to emigrate to Israel. Having become an Israeli politician and thinker of freedom, his struggle embodies Jewish resistance for dignity and freedom of conscience in the 21st century.
American jurist, Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1993-2020). A pioneer of women's rights, she drew explicitly on the Jewish tradition of justice (tsedek) and repair of the world (tikkun olam). A cultural icon, she embodied the Jewish commitment to equality and civil rights.
Foremost halakhic authority and spiritual leader of Lithuanian Jewry in Jerusalem. His halakhic rulings were authoritative for hundreds of thousands of the faithful.
This portrait gallery spans 58 centuries of history. Contribute to enrich these biographies.
